Föderalismus in der Schweiz (German Edition)
Meaning of "Föderalismusreform" in the German dictionary
The article deals with the research of the German youth jargon using lexicographic sources of the second half of the XXth century. Semantic parallels with the student language of the fi rst half of the XIXth century are drawn. The article demonstrates the differences in the youth jargon of Eastern and Western Germany. Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to introduce findings of comparative analysis and various models based on cultural heritage resources to foster regional development.
Findings — The paper evidences the potential of cultural resources and the tourism sector as drivers for regional development, and helps formulate basic recommendations for the Russian situation requiring elaboration of adequate financial and social instruments. The book is dedicated to the th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. The analysis of historical experience and actual problems of development of parliamentarism in Russia, Germany and a number of other European countries is presented.
The authors are leading Russian and foreign experts from a number of research centers in Russia and Europe.
Materials on the analysis of the development of parliamentarism in Germany and other European countries are based on the results of the European project "Parliamentary representation in Europe: The book is addressed to a wide range of readers - scientists, politicians, public servants, teachers and students, everyone who is interested in the history and modern experience of Russian and European parliamentarism.
The article is a critical survey of the recent biography of German lawyer and political scientist Carl Schmitt written by R. The author focuses on the particularity of Mehring's approach to the biography and reveals the characteristic examples which are the evidence of Mehring's outstanding work full of unique historical facts, although he does not create the unified and methodically coherent Schmitt's story of life. Smoking is a problem, bringing signifi cant social and economic costs to Russiansociety. However, ratifi cation of the World health organization Framework conventionon tobacco control makes it possible to improve Russian legislation accordingto the international standards.
So, I describe some measures that should be taken bythe Russian authorities in the nearest future, and I examine their effi ciency. By studyingthe international evidence I analyze the impact of the smoke-free areas, advertisementand sponsorship bans, tax increases, etc. I also investigate the obstacles confrontingthe Russian authorities when they introduce new policy measures and the public attitudetowards these measures.
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I conclude that there is a number of easy-to-implementanti-smoking activities that need no fi nancial resources but only a political will. One of the most important indicators of company's success is the increase of its value. The article investigates traditional methods of company's value assessment and the evidence that the application of these methods is incorrect in the new stage of economy. So it is necessary to create a new method of valuation based on the new main sources of company's success that is its intellectual capital. The article is devoted to the study of the authoritarianism prevalent in the mass consciousness of Russians.
The article describes a new approach to the consideration of the authoritarian syndrome as the effects of the cultural trauma as a result of political and socio-cultural transformation of society. The article shows the dynamics of the symptoms of the authoritarianism, which appear in the mass consciousness of Russians from to This paper proposes a package of measures aimed at reducing the level of the authoritarianism in Russian society.
This work looks at a model of spatial election competition with two candidates who can spend effort in order to increase their popularity through advertisement.
FÖDERALISMUSREFORM - Definition and synonyms of Föderalismusreform in the German dictionary
It is shown that under certain condition the political programs of the candidates will be different. The work derives the comparative statics of equilibrium policy platform and campaign spending with respect the distribution of voter policy preferences and the proportionality of the electoral system.
In particular, it is whown that the equilibrium does not exist if the policy preferences are distributed over too narrow an interval. The article examines "regulatory requirements" as a subject of state control over business in Russia. The author deliberately does not use the term "the rule of law".
The article states that a set of requirements for business is wider than the legislative regulation.
First, the article analyzes the regulatory nature of the requirements, especially in the technical field. The requirements are considered in relation to the rule of law. The article explores approaches to the definition of regulatory requirements in Russian legal science. The author analyzes legislation definitions for a set of requirements for business. The author concludes that regulatory requirements are not always identical to the rule of law.
Validation failure leads to negative consequences. Second, the article analyzes the problems of the regulatory requirements in practice. Lack of information about the requirements, their irrelevance and inconsistency are problems of the regulatory requirements in Russia. Many requirements regulating economic activity are not compatible with the current development level of science and technology. The problems are analyzed on the basis of the Russian judicial practice and annual monitoring reports by Higher School of Economics.
The author proposes to create a nationwide Internet portal about regulatory requirements. The portal should contain full information about all regulatory requirements.
Synonyms and antonyms of Föderalismusreform in the German dictionary of synonyms
The author recommends extending moratorium on the use of the requirements adopted by the bodies and organizations of the former USSR government. RU EN vision user search Search. Priority areas business informatics economics engineering science humanitarian IT and mathematics law management mathematics sociology state and public administration. The HSE Look talked to her about the ongoing research and upcoming plans. What ethical principles should govern autonomous cars? These and similar questions all fall in the realm of technology assessment — an area of knowledge that appeared in the s and has since gained significant prominence.
Article Kann man von der Schweiz lernen? Economics and Management including Public Administration. Full text PDF, Kb. Text on another site. Peer Review in Public Sector Organizations: Public and Social Policy. In a visit to certain major German businesses, it was intriguing for me to see how the s and s were often omitted from the histories they showed the public.
Perhaps it is time for a greater reckoning of their role — as, business leaders may then find it more awkward to oppose progress in protecting human rights. To have a sense of what we are talking about, I would like to return to the use of slave labour by the armaments manufacturer Krupp during the second World War. I worked in a galvanizing section, dripping hot irons into cold water. The sparks flew into my eyes and burned my hands.
The German civilian foreman of the Krupp Company kept rushing us and we were all so terrified that if we stopped or slowed down we would be put in [a] crematorium that we worked to the last ounce of our strength. The diet was extremely inadequate. Only bad meat, such as horse meat or meat that had been rejected by veterinarians as infected with tuberculosis germs, was passed out in these camps. Clothing, too, was altogether inadequate. Foreigners from the east worked and slept in the same clothing in which they arrived.
Normally all of them had to use their blankets as coats in cold and wet weather. Many had to walk to work barefoot, even in winter. A few German business leaders were tried for these crimes at Nuremberg including Krupp — though, in a political decision, he was released only three years after being convicted and his fortune restored to him. The process of denazification focused on the state rather than the private sector. Instead, we have the sad reality that many in German industry fail to recognise their historic moral responsibility and instead actively lobby to ensure the government opposes a treaty initiative that is meant to protect the fundamental rights of individuals against unscrupulous businesses.
Some readers may wonder what am I speaking about: Even if this is so, the nature of business today is global — as the recent trade disputes with the United States indicate, the markets for German goods extend way beyond its borders. And, so too, goods today are produced in complex chains that cross borders. That leads to the potential for violations of human rights by businesss in countries who are unable or unwilling to impose adequate regulations.
Consider, for instance, the description of what took place in Myanmar during the s in the construction of a major oil pipeline that was a joint venture between the multinationals Total and Unocal.
Germany’s Moral Responsibility to Support a Treaty on Business and Human Rights
Raj based on court documents describes how,. Thousands of villagers were forced to cut down trees, dig out stumps, and build barracks and helipads, or risk fatal consequences. Those villagers who refused, attempted to escape, or could not physically manage to sustain the brutal conditions, were subject to beatings, rape, torture, and extra-judicial killings. This quote is just one instance of how thousands of people have had their lives destroyed by the activities of multi-national corporations. A major gas leak in Bhopal, India and oil spills in Oganiland, Nigeria ongoing over decades have killed, maimed and caused lasting environmental damage.
Garment workers desperate for an income were forced to work in an unsafe building in Bangladesh by employers and, eventually, of them died when the building collapsed These are just some of the well-known examples of rights violations on the part of corporations. Yet, people affected by these severe harms have, generally, struggled to hold the perpetrators to account and receive damages to ameliorate their suffering. The existing soft instruments at the global level — such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human rights — lack the necessary legal weight to offer a clear solution, given they do not have binding force nor do they require compliance.
That is why the leading human rights NGOs around the world in a massive conglomeration called the Treaty Alliance , together with many luminary academics are calling for a treaty between states on business and human rights that would seek to prevent human rights violations by businesses from occurring and ensure they do not go unpunished or at least uncompensated.
Such a treaty is necessary given the need to address a number of problems in international law that have prevented victims of human rights violations from being able to gain remedies against errant corporations. The first of these is that international law has traditionally been built on the idea that each state is sovereign within its own domain and required to hold responsible those who commit wrongs within its jurisdiction.
However, such an understanding is less well equipped to address wrong-doers who cross borders: Suing a corporation in the country where a wrong is committed may thus fail to affect the real centre of power or wealth. This problem is compounded by a second difficulty in that, in law, each corporation is regarded as a separate legal person.
As such, a multi-national corporation is in fact a network of different entities all formed in terms of the laws of different countries. The likelihood of successful prosecutions or claims for compensation is very limited in these jurisdictions. A treaty would seek to address these problems. First, it could require all states to adopt laws permitting them to hold corporations that have an office there to account for violations of fundamental rights they commit beyond their borders. Such an approach would help address the difficulty that no-one state alone wishes to be seen as the sole enforcer of human rights norms, and so become unattractive to businesses.
It also stops corporations from exploiting weaknesses in legal systems of states in which violations take place to create a situation of impunity. Secondly, the treaty could place binding legal obligations on corporations to address their impact on human rights across their operations, including when they are structured through subsidiaries and long supply chains.
Thirdly, the treaty could also address technical questions surrounding in which jurisdictions such cases can be brought, how evidence can be gathered, and how remedies enforced. Finally, it can also develop international structures to set reasonable minimum standards that businesses must adopt in relation to human rights that can be applied across the world.
