Laritmetica di cupido (Italian Edition)

Output powers of 5 mW were measured. This is times higher power than from the light emitting diodes employed previously for vertical optical interconnects. A new form of compositional grading using a cosinusoidal function has been developed and is very successful for reducing diode series resistance for high speed interconnection applications. A flip-chip diamond package compatible with high speed operation of 16 VCSEL elements has been designed and characterized.

A flip-chip device binding effort at Rome Laboratory was also designed and initiated. This report presents details of the one-year effort, including process recipes and results. The discontinuity in scientific psychology at the University of Rome , From general psychology to psychotechnics. This article examines the areas of research conducted at the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology of the University of Rome from to , directed first by Sante De Sanctis , and then, from on, by Mario Ponzo The method used to distinguish the topics and areas of research that characterized the Roman School during this period is the textual analysis of the titles of the journal in which studies completed at the laboratory were published, namely, Contributi del Laboratorio di Psicologia sperimentale [Psychological Contributions of the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology].

This empirical analysis, which complements and supports the historiographical interpretation, demonstrates the disciplines that emerged under a system managed by the directors over 2 periods of time in the pursuit of scientific psychology in Rome and in Italy. This analysis highlights the process of adjustment from a traditional, general approach to a more theoretical-technical application.

This article is a new contribution to the Italian debate on the periodization of the "crisis" in Italian psychology. The Istituto di Storia della Medicina at Rome University was to a certain extent a one-man achievement. Founded by Adalberto Pazzini in , its collections comprehended books, objects, as well as photographs, movies, and other didactic video. The Istituto was also a center for publications, conferences and meetings. The archival sources that document its activity have been re-evaluated and restored in recent years, together with the collections housed in the Library and in the Museum.

Full Text Available In practice, the application of the complementarity principle in the Rome Statute remains unclear, particularly with respect to the prioritization of national penal law jurisdiction. This paper willdiscuss the relevance of the complementarity principle to the development of a national criminal justice system and to the investigation and prosecution of the most serious crimes provided for in the Statute.

It was concluded that the complementarity principle should be used to unravel the twisted development of the national criminal justice system in accordance with the provisions of international law. We need to establish our national criminal justice system as the main and foremost forum hence, willing and able in the process of investigating and prosecuting the most serious crimes on earth. Dalam praktik, aplikasi Asas Pelengkap the complementarity principle dalam Statuta Roma masihbelum jelas, khususnya terkait dengan pengutamaan prioritization yurisdiksi hukum pidana nasional.

Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini akan membahas relevansi asas tersebut terhadap pembangunan sistem hukum pidana nasional dan terhadap penyelidikan dan penuntutan kejahatan paling serius yang diatur dalam Statuta. Disimpulkan bahwa Asas Pelengkap harus Mahkamah digunakan sebagai pengurai benang kusutpembangunan sistem hukum pidana nasional Indonesia sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum internasional supaya menjadi forum utama mau dan mampu dalam proses penyelidikan dan penuntutan kejahatan paling serius di muka bumi.

International peace and security. Rome , 5 July Di Vittorio Foundation Seminar. Until the end of the Cold War, a bipolar world maintained international security through a combined system of alliances, spheres of influence, global and regional multilateral institutions - including the United Nations - and ultimately a balance of power through nuclear deterrence. With the disintegration of the Soviet empire, however, a uni-polar world has emerged that has dramatically changed the landscape of international security, with the disappearance of the Cold War rivalries and many of the associated old alliances and spheres of influence.

But while in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War many preached the advent of a new world order - and expressed hope of a new paradigm of security that would be rooted in the UN system of collective security - these hopes have not materialized and that new order has not emerged. But with all the changes in the international landscape since the end of the Cold War, nuclear weapons have ironically continued to hold a position of prominence as the currency of ultimate power.

With the new threats and new strategic thinking, it is not surprising that the objectives embodied in the Treaty for the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons NPT , developed in the early seventies to control the further spread of nuclear weapons and to move towards nuclear disarmament, are under growing stress. And of the three countries that remain outside the NPT, two - India and Pakistan - have in recent years demonstrated their nuclear weapons capability, while the third - Israel - is generally presumed to have them.

Most recently North Korea, a party to the NPT, has decided to renounce the Treaty, and is suspected of working to acquire nuclear weapons. And in the aftermath of the events of September , as I have already noted, the proliferation threat gained a new dimension: We must modernize and revamp the collective security system of the United Nations Charter - in terms of both preventive diplomacy and enforcement action. This system was built half a century ago to establish world order on the basis of common values and principles: We must work collectively to address global sources of insecurity and instability, including: Effective amelioration of these conditions that give rise to insecurity will require adequate financial assistance by the developed countries - assistance that now shamefully stands at only one quarter of one percent of the combined gross national income of the developed countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Effective remedy will also require the dynamic involvement of international institutions, governments and civil society to disseminate practices of good governance, and to monitor respect for human rights. Global respect for human rights should be the overriding norm, irrespective of any consideration of political expediency or short term interests.

Frammenti di storia internazionale. Ustica, Italy, Malta, Libya, Mediterranean. An information filtering system prototype for world wide web; Prototipo di sistema di information filtering per world wide web. Maria di Galeria, RM Italy. A user modeling shell allows ro build a model of user's interests, obtained during the interaction. The experimental results support the choice of embedding methods for this kind of application.

Una shell di modellazione utente consente di costruire un modello degli interessi dell'utente, ottenuto nel corso dell'interazione. I risultati sperimentali rafforzano la scelta di usare metodi di modellazione utente per questo genere di applicazioni. As the text itself was edited and rewritten thirty to forty years after the journey itself, however, prints also became crucial in the attempt to remember that journey. In other words, the author of the 'Journey', in contrast to the youthful traveler, no longer sees engravings of Rome , but Rome through engravings.

Measured up against the references in the travel journal, prints not only reflected his impression of monuments, but also structured those impressions, as the elderly man looks back and reassembles his memories to make an official account of his life. However, it is too easy to ascribe this reliance on prints to a fading memory — on the contrary.

Lezioni di analisi matematica. The MQC experiment on Rome: Present status and future developments. The study of phenomena related to the quantum behavior of macroscopic systems is subjected to new efforts both from theoretical and experimental point of view. The validity in fact of the description of macroscopic systems given by Quantum Mechanics is still under test, especially for what concerns the macrorealistic interpretation of the real world and the influence of dissipation on quantum systems. Many groups tried in the last few years to realize an experimental set-up to perform an MQC experiment; the intrinsic dissipation however limited the possibility to fulfill the experimental requirements.

The technology for realizing high quality Josephson Junctions is now so advanced that in principle the tests proposed in the last ten years can hopefully performed with success. In the following we will present a short description of the basic principles for an MQC experiment, with special emphasis on the experiment planned by the Rome group. In Hereditas published an article on the fall of Rome written by the famous classical scholar Martin P: Why was a paper on this unexpected topic printed in the newly founded journal?

To Nilsson, the demise of the Roman Empire was explained by the "bastardization" occurring between "races" from different parts of the realm. Offspring from mixed couples were of a less stable "type" than their parents, due to the breaking up by recombination of the original hereditary dispositions, which led to a general loss of competence to rule and govern.

Thus, the "hardness" of human genes, together with their recombination, was - according to Nilsson - the main cause of the fall of Rome. Nilsson's argument is not particularly convincingly presented. Human "races" are taken to have the same genetic structure as inbred crop strains, and Nilsson believes in a metaphysical unity between the individual and the race to which it belongs. However, in my view, Martin P: The article can be read as indicating strong support from the classical human sciences to the ambitious new science of genetics.

Support is also transferred from genetics to the conservative worldview, where the immutability and inflexibility of the Mendelian genes are used to strengthen the wish for greater stability in politics and life. The strange article in Hereditas can, thus, be read as an early instance in the - still ongoing - tug-of-war between the conservative and the liberal ideological poles over how genetic results best are socially interpreted. Education and Mortality in the Rome Longitudinal Study.

A large body of evidence supports an inverse association between socioeconomic status and mortality. We analysed data from a large cohort of residents in Rome followed-up between and to assess the relationship between individual education and mortality. We distinguished five causes of death and investigated the role of age, gender, and birthplace.

From the Municipal Register we enrolled residents of Rome on October 21st and collected information on educational level attained from the Census. We calculated hazard ratios HRs for overall and cause-specific mortality in relation to education. We used age, gender, and birthplace for adjusted or stratified analyses. We used the inverse probability weighting approach to account for right censoring due to emigration.

We observed an inverse association between education none vs. Cause-specific analysis also indicated an inverse association with education, in particular for respiratory, digestive or circulatory system related-mortality, and the youngest people seemed to be more vulnerable to low education. Our results confirm the inverse association between education and overall or cause-specific mortality and show differentials particularly marked among young people compared to the elderly.

The findings provide further evidence from the Mediterranean area, and may contribute to national and cross-country comparisons in Europe to understand the mechanisms generating socioeconomic differentials especially during the current recession period. In areas of recent urbanization, such as that surrounding the Basilica of St Paul Outside-the-Walls, the estimated vertical motion velocity reaches values higher than Further proof of the potentiality of COSMO-SkyMed constellation to extend almost seamlessly ground motion time series from previous SAR missions is offered by the deformation detected at the single-monument scale over the archaeological ruins of the Oppian Hill, the monuments and historical building in the riverside quarter of Trastevere, and the Basilica di San Saba within the Aurelian Walls.

References [1] Tapete, D. Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring and early-stage warning of structural instability in archaeological sites. Radar interferometry for early stage warning on monuments at risk. Subsidence induced by urbanisation in the city of Rome detected by advanced InSAR technique and geotechnical investigations. Full Text Available This paper presents an evaluation of the Local Seismic Response LSR along the route of the ancient Roman road Via Laurentina, which has been exposed in several areas of southwest Rome over the last decade during the construction of new buildings and infrastructures.

It is an example of LSR analysis applied to ancient and archaeological sites located in alluvial valleys with some methodological inferences for the design of infrastructure and urban planning. Since the ancient road does not cross the alluvial valley namely the Fosso di Vallerano Valley normal to its sides, it was not possible to directly perform 2D numerical modelling to evaluate the LSR along the road route. Therefore, outputs of 2D numerical models obtained along three cross sections that were normal oriented respect to the valley were projected along the route of the Via Laurentina within a reliable buffer attributed according to an available high-resolution geological model of the local subsoil.

The modelled amplification functions consider physical effects due to both the 2D shape of the valley and the heterogeneities of the alluvial deposits. The 1D and 2D amplification functions were compared to output that non-negligible effects are related to the narrow shape of the fluvial valley and the lateral contacts between the lithotecnical units composing the alluvial fill.

The here experienced methodology is suitable for applications to the numerical modelling of seismic response in case of linear infrastructures i. Due to the impending closure of the Defense Accounting Office at Fort Belvoir and the anticipated consolidation to the Rome Operating Location, New York, we did not perform a review of the management This case study account reviews issues related to seminary formation and education at the Beda College, Rome , including Fundamentals of Formation, Community Life, Organizing Formation, Intellectual Formation, Spiritual Formation, Pastoral Formation, and the challenges arising in these fields.

It will try individuals such as the Khmer Rouge, Slobodan Milosevic, and General Juvenal Habyarimana for crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes Levitab Home Box Office, Inc. This dissertation investigates Christian attitudes towards Greco-Roman religions in late antique Rome. The Introduction discusses the revisionist position, that these attitudes were essentially peaceful.

This idealizing view is at odds with the generalizing observation of sociologists of religion,. The Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations: Protection of Weaker Parties V. Overriding Mandatory Rules and Public Policy. The attendance of this workshop was larger than any expectation: The conference room was bright and large and could easily accommodate the wide audience, and the discomfort of hours of sitting was nicely offset by the frequent coffee breaks with excellent sweets and a large variety of drinks, which always seemed to offer the chance to stand up just in time! Participants listening to a talk in Aula Magna.

The workshop started on Monday 6th June around A canopy layer model and its application to Rome. An urban canopy layer model based on four energy balance equations at ground level and at building level was developed to simulate and describe the urban climate and the heat storage in an urban setting. Thermal and radiative characteristics of urban and rural surfaces as well as atmospheric parameters related to the general synoptic conditions were used as data input. In addition, buildings were modelled as parallelepipeds and the hysteresis of materials was taken into account.

The model provides as output skin temperature of buildings, air temperature and humidity within the canopy layer and hence the mean surface temperature and the air temperature at 2 m above surface. The latter parameter was used for the comparison with in situ temperature observations. The model was applied to Rome in radiative summer and winter episodes. The results, which agree with observations, show that the Urban Heat Island UHI is a nocturnal phenomenon, present both in winter the greatest difference between urban and rural temperatures is about 2 deg.

C and summer the temperature difference is about 5 deg. C , mainly resulting from the urban geometry and the thermal properties of materials. The anthropogenic heat does not play an important role in the UHI development. A monthly nocturnal behaviour of temperature differences between urban and surrounding rural areas shows that the maximum mean value of 4.

C occurs in August. Moreover, the parks in the city centre, where temperatures are lower, define two distinct heat islands, east and west. At indoor locations, total PAHs ranged, on average, from 1.

Outdoors, total PAH concentrations were found to reach 6. Indoors, the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene BaP was as high as 1. Full Text Available The article discloses the cultural and social conditions of the entertainment phenomenon in Ancient Greece and Rome and the attitude of the authorities to it. The appearance of entertainment is closely related to the worship of cult of Gods. It is shown that the Romans being more materialistic and pragmatic paid less attention to spiritual entertainment than Greeks who fostered dramatic performances.

Greek rulers and noblemen saw relaxational and educational function of the entertainment and also considered it as reducing tension and promoting solidarity. However, they did not intrude into its practical organization and had only a monitoring position, whereas the Romans were more interested in daily life and its bodily pleasures. Accordingly in recreational activities — games there dominated the spirit of competition, especially the gladiators games, which were bloody and cruel, but heated passions of spectators whose majority was comprised of plebs.

This tradition is still topical in the flow of years. These days it has become the constituent part of the political marketing. Wireless dynamic monitoring of the Colosseum in Rome. A key point for cultural heritage protection in many modern cities is to prevent damaging of historical monuments from urbanization disturbances, such as road and subway traffic vibrations. A typical dilemma is whether to focus on the effects of short-term vibrations due to construction activities or on the consequences of long-term traffic induced vibrations.

Both case s present practical difficulties in both monitoring and data analysis procedures. Besides, specific standards do not provide indications neither on how to extract meaningful features from data, nor on how to identify proper strategic decisions for an effective maintenance of monuments. In this paper, an example of state - of - the - art monitoring system is presented with its application to the continuous trigger free dynamic monitoring of the Flavian Amphitheater , widely known as the Colosseum , in Rome.

The system architecture, the wireless protocol and the processing of the data are described in detail in this paper. A discussion on the data collected during a full year of monitoring is presented , with focus on statistical representation s of the dynamic response, such as fractiles of the peak acceleration s, which are meaningful and synthetic indicator s of the effects induced on the Monument by external actions of both natural and man-made nature. It shows how to connect mathematics with art, history, physics, geography and philosophy by studying ancient Greek scientists and their achievements.

Collaborative teaching is introduced. The major aim of the project was to show mathematics as a part of human civilization and to follow Quality of life in patients with different constipation subtypes based on the Rome III criteria. Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation are highly prevalent and affect the quality of life of those who suffer from them.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. Lezioni di fisica teorica. The first part of the paper deals with the Italian tradition of medical history in the s, when Adalberto Pazzini became the most successful medical historian in Italy. Its second part deals with the founding and renovation and respectively of the Istituto di Storia della Medicina at Rome University, with a description of the innovative--and largely utopian--planning of the Library and of the Museum and didactic collections by Pazzini.

Storie di genere, storie di partito. Full Text Available Lo studio delle narrazioni di genere all'interno di questo tipo di organizzazione desta inoltre un particolare interesse anche in ragione della sottorappresentazione delle donne nella sfera della politica. Sulla base di tale vuoto di ricerca e riflessione, il presente articolo si propone di mettere in luce le pratiche e le culture di genere che emergono dai racconti di uomini e donne all'interno di due organizzazioni partitiche, una di destra e una di sinistra, situate nel contesto territoriale della provincia di Trento.

Epidemiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed according to Rome II criteria: It is also not certain whether subjects who meet the Rome II criteria for an FGID are different in terms of demographic and psychological characteristics from those subjects meeting exclusively the more restrictive Rome I criteria. Subjects were sent a self-report questionnaire that contained items on gastrointestinal symptoms applying the Rome II criteria. Subjects were also assessed on psychological and personality factors and on physical and mental functioning. A total of The five most prevalent FGID were functional heartburn Tecniche di rilievo integrate applicate ad architetture complesse e degradate.

In particular, the research is aimed to integrating laser scanning, digital photogrammetry and thopographic survey of Ninfeo, a monumental and scenographic artifact located at one end of the Giardino della Girandola, characterized by an articulated architecture and detailed decorations. Urban Transformations in the After-Unity Capitals: Turin, Florence, Rome Trasformazioni urbane nelle capitali post-unitarie: Before Florence, then Rome two cities that represent a fundamental part of artistic and cultural national heritage see the opportunity to modernize their urban structure.

Urban plans are also formed for this purpose, although the instruments are deficient in relation to their technical capacity and the public administrations have low authority in the driving of the transformations. Instead, private investors and national and international banks will have open hand, facilitated from the new liberal State that will not hinder the freedom of action of private capitals. The paper want to identify the major changes occurred in the three capital cities Turin, Florence, and Rome investigating the urban processes and the main events in the period from to The unification acts on the three cities in different ways.

In they are very different from each other, with a single similar factor, the number of inhabitants about , each. The process of building of the new nation acts on the cities changing even more their characters and extending their differences. Da Torino la capitale fu prima spostata a Firenze , poi nel suo luogo naturale, Roma Gli spostamenti non comportarono solo conseguenze di ordine politico.

The study was based on a previous phytosociological survey which describes a Quercus suber population in the valley a once larger residua1 of a roman cork-tree wood which is now included in the town. Most of Insectivores specimens are represented by C. Three different kinds of landscape are present in the "Inferno" valley, namely, the wood, the meadow, and the bottom valley with high anthropic impact; we have compared these three landscapes with biotic indexes index of faunistic affinity, index of biocoenotic affinity and index of environmental evaluation.

We have also compared through the same indexes, the micromammal fauna of the "Inferno" valley with six other differently polluted localities in Latium, where animals were captured with the same live traps. This area retains its natura1 environment in despite of the high anthropic impact. Fondamenti di fisica dei plasmi. Introduzione ; collisioni del plasma ; equazioni cinetiche per particelle cariche ; plasmi in equilibrio termodinamico ; funzione di distribuzione di particelle cariche in un campo elettrico ; equazioni dei momenti della funzione di distribuzione ; processi di trasporto nel plasma in assenza di campi magnetici ; moto di particelle cariche nel plasma in presenza di campi magnetici ; processi di trasporto in campo magnetico ; confinamento del plasma mediante campi magnetici.

Un ente innovativo di ricerca e di servizi per la informazione geospaziale: A body of research and innovative services for geospatial infor-mation: The aims of the study were to validate the Rome III criteria as to their capacity to differentiate between organic and functional abdominal pain and to assess the role of alarm symptoms in this differentiation.

During 2 years all of the patients ages years presenting with recurrent abdominal pain Apley criteria and referred to secondary care were included. Clinical diagnoses were based on protocolized evaluation and intervention with 6-month follow-up. Alarm symptoms were registered. Rome III criteria for functional pain syndromes were assigned independently. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.

In patients 87 boys, mean age 8. Alarm symptoms were found in Rome diagnoses, based on symptoms and absence of alarm symptoms, predicted functional clinical diagnosis with sensitivity 0. The Rome III criteria for abdominal pain are not specific enough to rule out organic causes. Alarm symptoms do not differentiate between organic and functional abdominal pain. Full Text Available The case for extending the reach of the Rome Statute to the crime of human trafficking has not yet been made in detail.

The brutality which occurs when human beings are trafficked by criminal gangs is of an equally egregious nature as the other crimes covered by the Rome Statute and yet it does not fall within the remit of the International Criminal Court. Such trafficking may also fall outwith the definition of slavery as a crime against humanity, particularly given the State policy threshold set by the Statute. This paper seeks to explore the viability of the inclusion of human trafficking as a discrete international crime within the Rome Statute as a response to this loophole.

Lezioni di Cosmologia Teorica. Contiene gli elementi di base della cosmologia relativistica, del modello cosmologico standard e del suo completamento inflazionario. E' organizzato per servire da traccia ad un corso di cosmologia di stampo teorico, ma cerca di non perdere mai di vista il confronto con i principali risultati osservativi: Non mancano infine alcuni accenni ad argomenti di inter To assess the value of the Rome criteria in identifying FGIDs in children with chronic abdominal pain. The study group consisted of consecutive paediatric patients boys and girls aged years mean age was After exclusion of organic disease children suspected of functional chronic abdominal pain were categorized with the use of Rome III criteria of FGIDs associated with abdominal pain H2a-H2d1 and the Questionnaire on Paediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms with the permission of doctor L.

The patients with known nonabdominal organic disease, chronic illness or handicap were excluded. In patients Of the children Sintesi stereoselettiva di piridilammine. Tra i possibili approcci alla sintesi di questi composti noi abbiamo investigato la riduzione diastereoselettiva di N-sostituite p-totil e tert-butil piridil chetimmine con una serie di agenti riducenti NaBH4, L-Selectride, DIBAL, 9-BBN in diverse condizioni di reazione.

Principi di marketing propone un quadro dei processi di gestione del marketing relativamente innovativo, ispirato a un modello rigoroso e semplice al tempo stesso: Greek Medicine Practice at Ancient Rome: The Physician Molecularist Asclepiades. Differing from the current Hippocratic idea, only in extreme cases he prescribed medications and bloodletting, two of the most-used therapies of that time.

He usually prescribed therapies based on the Epicurean thought, then consisting of walks and music, massages, and thermal baths. He anticipated the modern idea of the body consisting of atoms, and believed that between the atoms exist empty spaces called pores. As the founder of the so called Methodist School, he was the first to divide acute and chronic diseases, and thought that body weakness was dependent on the excessive width of the pores, while their excessive shrinkage determines fever.

According to his student Caelius Aurelianus he was the first to adopt tracheotomy as an emergency therapy for diphtheria. Although it is very difficult to reconstruct the theories of Asclepiades of Bithynia because of the lack of original texts, this paper attempts to focus his role and his thought in affirming the Greek medical practice in ancient Rome and to highlight his modernity. Full Text Available The figure of gladiators recalls the ideas of strength, hard training, endurance, and deadly efficiency: Historically, a gladiator was a sort of sport hero, and gladiator's medicine probably one of the first forms of organised sports medicine.

Statues and paintings of the ancient roman period tell us of this astonishing world of fighters. There are traces of famous gladiators all over the known world at Roman times, resembling our Mohammad Ali or Mike Tyson.

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Most of them grew up in fighting schools, the most famous in Capua, near Naples in Italy: Spartacus, the rebel gladiator who inflicted a severe defeat to Roman army, came from there. Gladiators had to endure long session of training to fight in the arena. Considering the modern diets of strength athletes, we should expect that gladiators had a high protein diet.

However, analysis of their bones has put forward the hypothesis that gladiators were vegetarian athletes: Plants contain higher levels of strontium than animal tissues. People who consume more plants and less meat will build up measurably higher levels of strontium in their bones. Levels of strontium in the gladiators' bones were two times as high than the bones of contemporary Ephesians Kanz and Grossschmidt, Roman army troopers, the "legionnaires", had daily expenditure of energy that can be estimated at around kcal for the legionnaire performing engineer work and at kcal for the legionnaire in war action.

At present, only workmen and sportsmen reach such levels of energy expenditure Fornaris and Aubert, Legionnaires were able to endure long war campaignes and endless "magnis itineribus" forced marches with incredible resistance to fatigue. This diet has the. As the founder of the so called Methodist School , he was the first to divide acute and chronic diseases, and thought that body weakness was dependent on the excessive width of the pores, while their excessive shrinkage determines fever. Incident rainfall in Rome and its relation to biodeterioration of buildings.

A discussion is presented of the intensity and distribution of incident rainfall in Rome , and the degree of lithobiont cover of building walls. During all seasons the rainfall shows a significant peak in the south and the southeast exposures, where the highest cover of lithobionts is found. The results show the role of incident rainfall in the climatic conditions of Rome as the main driving factor for the growth of lithobionts on walls where rainfall is their principal source of water.

In this online ethnography, I studied marching band identity by examining marching band enthusiasts' and music educators' responses on music teacher professional forums, Twitter, blogs, and other online media, to sports commentator Jim Rome 's tweets describing marching band members as "dorks. Repeated sightings of Alexandrine parakeet Psittacula eupatria in Rome Central Italy and its likely acclimatization.

Several other sightings have been made since December onwards. Until now, nesting has not been proven, but it is believed that this may have already occurred. Use of Rome II criteria in childhood defecation disorders: Applicability in clinical and research practice. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders with the use of the Rome II criteria and to compare these data with the classic Iowa criteria. Study design Patients recorded defecation and encopresis frequency.

A standard history was taken and a physical. Safeguarding higher values such as the protection of human rights, an The inclusion of these provisions in the Statute demonstrates the. Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for sharing network capacity on demand among different underloaded and overloaded P2P ROME -enabled networks. Taratura di un 'apparecchiatura per misura di piccole percentuali di uranio in soluzione acida di acqua distillata.

Al variaredella diluizione si registra il numero di particelle che il Geiger conta, e quindisi riporta in grafico. The Destruction of Old S. Full Text Available In the early s, the fifth-century church of S. Clemente in Rome was buried beneath an entirely new basilica. Clement III Wibert of Ravenna died in , not long after the execution of an extensive fresco cycle in the early Christian basilica celebrating the miracles and cult of the first-century pope and martyr St. Clement I of Rome. The perceived correspondences between the first-century pope and his eleventh-century namesake may have extended to their postmortem resting places — Clement I was martyred by being thrown into the Black Sea — as well as to their shared attributes, particularly the pontifical vestments and white hair prominently displayed in the frescoes.

This extreme makeover in a work securely associable with Roman reform-party sponsorship effectively dissociated Clement I from the painted images in the earlier church and, very probably, from his eleventh-century namesake in the Tiber. The frequency of polidrug use in a driving population in Rome. Testimonianze di vittime degli anni di piombo. Il Cratilo di Platone. There are major differences between Rome IV and the earlier iteration, some of which are in line with Asian viewpoints. Instead of considering functional gastrointestinal disorders FGIDs to be largely psychogenic, Rome IV suggested the importance of the gut over brain "disorders of gut-brain interaction" not "brain-gut interaction".

The word "functional" is underplayed. Multi-dimensional clinical profile attempts to recognize micro-organic nature, like slow colon transit and fecal evacuation disorders in constipation and dietary intolerance including that of lactose and fructose, bile acid malabsorption, non-celiac wheat sensitivity, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and gastrointestinal infection in diarrhea.

Bloating, common in Asia, received attention, though less. Sub-typing of IBS may be more clinician-friendly now as the patient-reported stool form may be used than a diary. Work-up for physiological factors should be given greater importance. Language issue is important. Bloating, common in IBS, should be listed in the criteria. Threshold values for symptoms in Rome IV criteria are based on Western data.

Post-infectious malabsorption tropical sprue should be excluded to diagnose post-infectious IBS, particularly in Asia. Vanadium concentration in some soils of Tolfa mountains Rome ; Tenori di vanadio nei solidi dei monti della Tolfa Civitavecchia, Roma. Here are presented and discussed the data concerning the concentration of vanadium in some soils of Tolfa mountains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fall out connected with the emissions of the oil power plants of Civitavecchia.

The authors have analysed the considered by us elements V, Ti, Mn, Al and Si, using the instrumental neutron activation analysis. The vanadium because is presented in the oil in higher concentrations in comparison with the other elements and so as an element which characterizes the emissions, while Ti, Mn, Al and Si, due to their terrestrial origin, are useful to put in evidence the contribution due to the lithological component.

From the obtained data and in agreement with the theoretical estimations according to the atmospheric fall out, the authors convinced that during the operating time of the oil power plants of Civitavecchia, one can not observe appreciable variations of vanadium in some soils of Tolfa mountains. The obtained data can be useful in the other future studies which will aim to evaluate the entity of the contribution of such elements coming from the oil power plants of Civitavecchia.

Methodological procedures and analytical instruments to evaluate an indicators integrated archive for urban management; Guida metodologica per la costruzione di un archivio integrato di indicatori urbani. This guide provides the results of a research developed at ENEA National Agency for new Technology, Energy and the Environment Casaccia center Rome , Italy aimed to define methodological procedures and analytical instruments needed to carry out an indicators integrated archive for urban management.

The guide also defines the scheme of a negotiation process aimed to reach and exchange data and information among governmental and local administrations, non-governmental organizations and scientific bodies. Casaccia dell'ENEA, relativia alla definizione di procedure metodologiche e strumenti di analisi ed elaborazione per realizzare un archivio integrato di indicatori per la gestione dei sistemi urbani. La guida, rivolta ai responsabili delle politiche urbane, deifinisce uno schema dei processi di condivisione degli indicatori urbani attraverso l'organizzazione di opportuni tavoli negoziali, costituiti da rappresentanti delle amministrazioni locali, dell'amministrazione centrale, delle categorie produttive e sociali e delle strutture tecniche operanti sul territorio.

Atmospheric aerosols in Rome , Italy: Absolute concentrations of anthropogenic emission tracers e. NOx, CO2, particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, traffic-related organic aerosol were generally higher at the urban location. Relativamente poco noto al gran pubblico, il premio Nobel Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac appartiene a quel gruppo di uomini di ingegno che nei primi decenni del secolo contribuirono a dare alla nostra concezione del mondo fisico la sua impronta attuale.

Assolutamente cruciali, per una valutazione dell'opera di Dirac, sono gli anni compresi tra il e il Beyond the limits of growth. Report to the Club of Rome. Jenseits der Grenzen des Wachstums. Bericht an den Club of Rome. The author analyses the importance of the report to the Club of Rome 'The Limits of Growth' published by Denis Meadows in , reassesses the value of the book, and goes on to evolve his theses of 'organic growth'. He recapitulates the history of the origin of the previous book and its extraordinary impact as well as, not least, the misunderstandings its statements gave rise to.

His concern is above all to give an up-to-date diagnosis and present new ideas for solving the pressing problems of mankind. Thus he develops his own concept for reasonable growth, providing illustrative problem solutions. While this book was taking shape during , it also assumed the character of a programme for other central themes of the Club of Rome , such as the maintenance of peace and security, the efficiency of societies, technology, energy, and the environment.

Because of his personal experience gathered in many parts of the 'Third World', the author believes the western and eastern, modern industrialized nations - whether they like it or not - to exert the function of a model for developing countries, especially the 'threshold countries' among them. They must become aware of the responsibility that this role carries with it. The City of Rome and its groundwater: Full Text Available This paper emphasizes the importance of groundwater resources of Rome with regard to its protection, and the associated issues.

There are different tipologies of interference between human presence and groundwater in the city, ranging from the presence of water circulating inside the thick layers of anthropogenic deposits, the frequent contamination of groundwater, the presence of mining activities, the presence of archaeological heritage in underground or in low areas affected by flooding also induced by water table rising. Despite the various issues that are found, the knowledge of groundwater resources of Rome can be an important starting point to enhance its protection s and take advantage of the related countless benefits also aim to increase urban resilience.

Their movements did not slip by the Romans, who developed a series of diplomatic maneuvers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the diplomatic relationships between Rome and Carthage during the interwar period, paying special attention to their motivations, premeditation and ef? Nonstationary modeling of a long record of rainfall and temperature over Rome. Modeling analyses are used to characterize nonstationarities in rainfall and related climate variables.

It is shown that the GAMLSS models are able to represent the magnitude and spread in the seasonal time series with parameters which are a smooth function of time. Covariate analyses highlight the role of seasonal and interannual variability of large-scale climate forcing, as reflected in three teleconnection indexes Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Mediterranean Index , for modeling seasonal rainfall and temperature over Rome.

In particular, the North Atlantic Oscillation is a significant predictor during the winter, while the Mediterranean Index is a significant predictor for almost all seasons. Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: HRI's second international research conference in Rome. Attended by over delegates from 39 countries, this event provided an intense two and a half day programme of presentations and a forum for the sharing of ideas and the creation of international scientific collaborations.

With 35 oral presentations from leaders in the field, the scientific calibre of the programme was high and the content diverse. This report summarises the key themes underpinning the cutting edge data presented by the speakers, including six key-note presentations, covering advancements in both basic and clinical research. Given the clear commitment of the global homeopathic community to high quality research, the resounding success of both Barcelona and Rome HRI conferences, and the dedicated support of colleagues, the HRI moves confidently forward towards the next biennial conference.

Rome , 28 November-1 December, Trophic development in a volcanic lake with closed hydric balance. Lake Martignano; Evoluzione trofica di un lago vulcanico a bilancio idrico chiuso. Il lago di Martignano. Martignano lake is a particular charming volcanic lake in the countryside of Rome. Recently it was included in a project of Regional Wildlife Park. The lack of immissaries and emissaries, the quite long renewal time and the very short homeothermic period of two-months in a year, make the lake susceptible of trophic evolution. The comparison between the present data and those from previous studies seems to confirm such a slow development towards this way, with a nutrient level nitrate 0.

The analysis of nutrient data expressed as annual mean value in percentage from the coastal stations, suggests an under lied farming influence, and points out the need to adopt fast reduction measures, to lower the phosphorus load in acceptable levels for the lake ecosystem. I laghi di origine vulcanica rappresentano una tipologia relativamente rara rispetto all'insieme dei corpi d'acqua componenti la limnologia classica.

La loro esistenza si determina in regioni con passata o attuale pronunciata attivita' tettonica. La mancanza di immissari ed emissari che caratterizza questo invaso rende particolarmente vulnerabile il suo livello trofico da parte delle contaminazioni da insediamenti urbani ed agricoli circostanti. Ai fini di valutare l'attuale velocita' di ricambio idrico del lago, il suo livello trofico e la conseguente capacita' di automantenimento di un basso livello trofico delle acque, e' stato pianificato il presente studio articolato in 13 mesi di campionamento.

Si e' constatato che il valore medio annuale della clorofilla a, AMS in Rome , Past achievements, current and future trends. The volume of scientific work and achievements of the international Accelerator Mass Spectrometry community over the past 30 years is presented by quantifying the annual increases in past AMS conference participation, trends in technical developments and applications, the rate of growth of new AMS facilities, sample throughput, publications and general scientific impact.

Its place in the Ancient Rome - India contacts by S. Embassy of Italy, Pages In this book, Sethuraman Suresh has compiled available data on Arikamedu and other equally significant Investigating the antiquity of Arikamedu, the author concludes that trade contacts with the Mediterranean region began in the late 3rd century B Design e valutazione di una esperienza di mobile learning.

Full Text Available Analisi dello sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico nel campo di mobile learning, con particolare riferimento ai problemi di progettazione e valutazione nelle esperienze. Vengono analizzate le caratteristiche di metodologia didattica innovativa insieme a delle proposte per strumenti operativi concreti che consentano di progettare interventi didattici di mobile learning.

Moscow, the third Rome: A contribution to history of Russian messianism, 2nd part. Criticizing the reforms by Peter the Great, the classical Slavophiles found confirmation of the Russian cultural originality and superiority in the past of traditional Muscovy. The author highlights the differences between religious-philosophical and geopolitical interpretations of Russian messianism in the works of Russian Slavophiles and Panslavs.

In the final section of this article, Russian messianic ideas are put in a relation with the birth of nationalism in the context of the Russian Empire. Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation Anismus. Recently, consensus criteria have been proposed but their utility is unknown. To examine the diagnostic yield of colorectal tests, reproducibility of manometry and utility of Rome II criteria.

A total of patients with difficult defecation were prospectively evaluated with anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion, colonic transit and defecography. Fifty-three patients had repeat manometry. During attempted defecation, 30 showed normal and 70 one of three abnormal manometric patterns. Forty-six patients fulfilled Rome criteria and showed paradoxical anal contraction type I or impaired anal relaxation type III with adequate propulsion.

Defecography provided no additional discriminant utility. Evidence of dyssynergia was reproducible in 51 of 53 patients. Symptoms alone could not differentiate dyssynergic subtypes or patients. Dyssynergic patients exhibited three patterns that were reproducible: Although useful, Rome II criteria may be insufficient to identify or subclassify dyssynergic defecation.

Symptoms together with abnormal manometry, abnormal balloon expulsion or colonic marker retention are necessary to optimally identify patients with difficult defecation. The recent surge of DNA sequence information resulting from the efforts of agencies interested in deciphering the human genetic code has facilitated technological developments that have been critical in the identification of genes associated with numerous disease pathologies.

In addition, these efforts have opened the door to the opportunity to develop novel genetic therapies to treat a broad range of inherited disorders. Gene Therapy for the Millennium' was organized. This meeting provided a forum for the discussion of scientific and clinical advances stimulated by the explosion of sequence information generated by the Human Genome Project and the implications these advances have for gene therapy.

The meeting had six sessions that focused on the functional evaluation of specific genes via biochemical analysis and through animal models, the development of novel therapeutic strategies involving gene targeting, artificial chromsomes, DNA delivery systems and non-embryonic stem cells, and on the ethical and social implications of these advances. This paper analyzes the symbolic conformation of Rome and Romanism as important factors in the affirmation of the power of fascism, especially after the proclamation of the Empire in Within this framework, it explores the role of science in legitimizing the direct correlation of this symbolic universe with a praxis that exalted racial superiority inherited from Ancient Rome.

It investigates the links between the eugenic discourse and the exercise of power behind the "biology policy", including fascist organicism and racism. In fact, Rome was the essence of an empire that was reborn after fifteen centuries and, between its historical legacy and the new scenarios created by fascism for disciplining the population, Romanism had to condense all of the merits of the race, encouraging military conquests and promoting responsibility for maintaining racial purity and avoiding "unwanted miscegenation" with conquered peoples.

The idea of Romanism also encouraged a continuation of the persecution of Jews started in Germany. Using a nonequilibrium Green's function technique we demonstrate that the topological Majorana edge modes of nanoscopic Shiba islands display universal electronic and transport properties. Most remarkably, these Majorana modes possess a quantized charge conductance that is proportional to the topological Chern number, C , and carry a supercurrent whose chirality reflects the sign of C.

These results establish nanoscopic Shiba islands as promising components in future topology-based devices. Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures. Realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes in the laboratory is a major goal in condensed-matter physics. In this Review, we survey the current status of this rapidly developing field, focusing on proposals for the realization of topological superconductivity in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures.

We examine materials science progress in growing InAs and InSb semiconductor nanowires and characterizing these systems. We then discuss the observation of robust signatures of Majorana zero modes in recent experiments, paying particular attention to zero-bias tunnelling conduction measurements and Coulomb blockade experiments. We also outline several next-generation experiments probing exotic properties of Majorana zero modes, including fusion rules and non-Abelian exchange statistics. Finally, we discuss prospects for implementing Majorana -based topological quantum computation.

Rephasing-invariant CP violating parameters with Majorana neutrinos. We analyze the dependence of the squared amplitudes on the rephasing-invariant CP-violating parameters of the lepton sector, involving Majorana neutrinos, for various lepton- conserving and lepton-violating processes. We analyze the conditions under which the CP-violating effects in such processes vanish, in terms of the minimal set of rephasing invariants, giving special attention to the dependence on the extra CP-violating parameters that are due to the Majorana nature of the neutrinos.

The Majorana Demonstrator MJD searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge using arrays of high-purity germanium detectors. If observed, this process would have implications for grand-unification and the predominance of matter over antimatter in the universe. A problematic background in such large granular detector arrays is posed by alpha particles. In MJD, potential background events that are consistent with energy-degraded alphas originating on the passivated detector surface have been observed.

We have studied these events by scanning the passivated surface of a P-type point contact detector like those used in MJD with a collimated alpha source. We observe that surface alpha events exhibit high charge-trapping, with a significant fraction of the trapped charge being re-released slowly. This leads to both a reduced prompt signal and a measurable change in slope of the tail of a recorded pulse. In this contribution we discuss the characteristics of these events and the filter developed to identify the occurrence of this delayed charge recovery, allowing for the efficient rejection of passivated surface alpha events while retaining We also discuss the impact of this filter on the sensitivity of MJD.

This material is based upon work supported by the U. Full Text Available We study the properties of a quantum dot coupled to a topological superconductor and a normal lead and discuss the interplay between Kondo-and Majorana -induced couplings in quantum dots. The latter appears due to the presence of Majorana zero-energy modes localized, for example, at the ends of the one-dimensional superconductor. We investigate the phase diagram of the system as a function of Kondo and Majorana interactions using a renormalization-group analysis, a slave-boson mean-field theory, and numerical simulations using the density-matrix renormalization-group method.

We show that, in addition to the well-known Kondo fixed point, the system may flow to a new fixed point controlled by the Majorana -induced coupling, which is characterized by nontrivial correlations between a localized spin on the dot and the fermion parity of the topological superconductor and the normal lead.

We compute several measurable quantities, such as differential tunneling conductance and impurity-spin susceptibility, which highlight some peculiar features characteristic to the Majorana fixed point. Sensing Floquet- Majorana fermions via heat transfer. This rich phase diagram survives when the system is coupled to dissipative end reservoirs. Circumventing the obstacle of preparing and measuring quasienergy configurations endemic to Floquet- Majorana detection schemes, we show that stroboscopic heat transport and spin density are robust observables to detect both the dynamical phase transitions and Majorana modes in dissipative settings.

We find that the heat current provides very clear signatures of these Floquet topological phase transitions. In particular, we observe that the derivative of the heat current, with respect to a control parameter, changes sign at the boundaries separating topological phases with differing nonzero numbers of Floquet- Majorana modes. We present a simple scheme to directly count the number of Floquet- Majorana modes in a phase from the Fourier transform of the local spin density profile.

Our results are valid provided the anisotropies are not strong and can be easily implemented in quantum engineered systems. Majorana states in prismatic core-shell nanowires. We consider core-shell nanowires with conductive shell and insulating core and with polygonal cross section. We investigate the implications of this geometry on Majorana states expected in the presence of proximity-induced superconductivity and an external magnetic field.

A typical prismatic nanowire has a hexagonal profile, but square and triangular shapes can also be obtained. The low-energy states are localized at the corners of the cross section, i. The corner localization depends on the details of the shell geometry, i. We study systematically the low-energy spectrum of prismatic shells using numerical methods and derive the topological phase diagram as a function of magnetic field and chemical potential for triangular, square, and hexagonal geometries.

A strong corner localization enhances the stability of Majorana modes to various perturbations, including the orbital effect of the magnetic field, whereas a weaker localization favorizes orbital effects and reduces the critical magnetic field.

The prismatic geometry allows the Majorana zero-energy modes to be accompanied by low-energy states, which we call pseudo Majorana , and which converge to real Majoranas in the limit of small shell thickness. We include the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a phenomenological manner, assuming a radial electric field across the shell.

Topology and symmetry of surface Majorana arcs in cyclic superconductors. We study the topology and symmetry of surface Majorana arcs in superconductors with nonunitary "cyclic" pairing. Cyclic p -wave pairing may be realized in a cubic or tetrahedral crystal, while it is a candidate for the interior P32 superfluids of neutron stars.

The cyclic state is an admixture of full gap and nodal gap with eight Weyl points and the low-energy physics is governed by itinerant Majorana fermions. We here show the evolution of surface states from Majorana cone to Majorana arcs under rotation of surface orientation. The Majorana cone is protected solely by an accidental spin rotation symmetry and fragile against spin-orbit coupling, while the arcs are attributed to two topological invariants: Lastly, we discuss how topologically protected surface states inherent to the nonunitary cyclic pairing can be captured from surface probes in candidate compounds, such as U1 -xThxBe We examine tunneling conductance spectra for two competitive scenarios in U1 -xThxBe13 —the degenerate Eu scenario and the accidental scenario.

Optimal diabatic dynamics of Majorana -based quantum gates. In topological quantum computing, unitary operations on qubits are performed by adiabatic braiding of non-Abelian quasiparticles, such as Majorana zero modes, and are protected from local environmental perturbations. In the adiabatic regime, with timescales set by the inverse gap of the system, the errors can be made arbitrarily small by performing the process more slowly.

To enhance the performance of quantum information processing with Majorana zero modes, we apply the theory of optimal control to the diabatic dynamics of Majorana -based qubits. While we sacrifice complete topological protection, we impose constraints on the optimal protocol to take advantage of the nonlocal nature of topological information and increase the robustness of our gates.

By using the Pontryagin's maximum principle, we show that robust equivalent gates to perfect adiabatic braiding can be implemented in finite times through optimal pulses. In our implementation, modifications to the device Hamiltonian are avoided. While a noise-induced antiadiabatic behavior, where a slower process creates more diabatic excitations, prohibits indefinite enhancement of the robustness of the adiabatic scheme, our fast optimal protocols exhibit remarkable stability to noise and have the potential to significantly enhance the practical performance of Majorana -based information processing.

Analysis techniques for background rejection at the Majorana Demonstrator. The background rejection techniques to be applied to the data include cuts based on data reduction, pulse shape analysis, event coincidences, and time correlations. Model independent bounds on magnetic moments of Majorana neutrinos.

We analyze the implications of neutrino masses for the magnitude of neutrino magnetic moments. For Dirac neutrinos, the bound is several orders of magnitude more stringent than present experimental limits. However, for Majorana neutrinos the magnetic moment contribution to the mass is Yukawa suppressed. The discovery of a neutrino magnetic moment near present limits would thus signify that neutrinos are Majorana particles.

The Kitaev honeycomb lattice is envisioned as an ideal host for Majorana fermions that are created out of the spin liquid background. Our inelastic neutron scattering measurements further corroborate two distinct characters of fractionalized excitations: These dual features are well described by a Ferromagnetic Kitaev model, providing a smoking gun proof of the itinerant and localized Majorana fermions emergent in Kitaev magnets.

Majorana fermions, originally proposed as elementary particles acting as their own antiparticles, can be realized in condensed-matter systems as emergent quasiparticles, a situation often accompanied by topological order. Here we propose a physical system which realizes Landau levels-highly degenerate single-particle states usually resulting from an orbital magnetic field acting on charged particles-for Majorana fermions.

This is achieved in a variant of a quantum spin system due to Kitaev which is distorted by triaxial strain. This strained Kitaev model displays a spin-liquid phase with charge-neutral Majorana -fermion excitations whose spectrum corresponds to that of Landau levels, here arising from a tailored pseudomagnetic field. We show that measuring the dynamic spin susceptibility reveals the Landau-level structure by a remarkable mechanism of probe-induced bound-state formation. New theory insights and experimental opportunities in Majorana wires.

Over the past decade, the quest for Majorana zero modes in exotic superconductors has undergone transformational advances on the design, fabrication, detection, and characterization fronts. The field now seems primed for a new era aimed at Majorana control and readout. This talk will survey intertwined theory and experimental developments that illuminate a practical path toward these higher-level goals. In particular, I will highlight near-term opportunities for testing fundamentals of topological quantum computing and longer-term strategies for building scalable hardware. Measuring quasiparticle transport, we observe a gate voltage dependent even-odd Coulomb blockade pattern, associated with quasiparticle occupation of bound states, for which we demonstrate state parity lifetimes exceeding 10 milliseconds.

Using Coulomb-blockade spectroscopy and varying the magnetic field A preliminary analysis shows that Coulomb peaks also feature an alternating magnetic field dependent skew, the subject of future work. We additionally observe novel transport signatures of quasiparticle poisoning in a Majorana island strongly coupled to normal metal leads. Effective field theories for heavy Majorana neutrinos in a thermal bath. In the leptogenesis framework Majorana neutrinos are at the origin of the baryon asymmetry in the universe. We develop an effective field theory for non-relativistic Majorana fermions and we apply it to the case of a heavy Majorana neutrino decaying in a hot plasma of Standard Model particles, whose temperature is much smaller than the mass of the Majorana neutrino but still much larger than the electroweak scale.

Moreover we compute systematically thermal corrections to the CP asymmetries in the Majorana neutrino decays. Majorana bound states in a disordered quantum dot chain. We study Majorana bound states in a disordered chain of semiconductor quantum dots proximity-coupled to an s -wave superconductor.

By calculating its topological quantum number, based on the scattering-matrix method and a tight-binding model, we can identify the topological property of such an inhomogeneous one-dimensional system. We study the robustness of Majorana bound states against disorder in both the spin-independent terms including the chemical potential and the regular spin-conserving hopping and the spin-dependent term, i.

We find that the Majorana bound states are not completely immune to the spin-independent disorder, especially when the latter is strong. Meanwhile, the Majorana bound states are relatively robust against spin-dependent disorder, as long as the spin-flip hopping is of uniform sign i.

Nevertheless, when the disorder induces sign-flip in spin-flip hopping, the topological-nontopological phase transition takes place in the low-chemical-potential region. Testing the Majorana nature of gluinos and neutralinos. Decays of such self-conjugate particles generate charge symmetric ensembles of final states. Moreover, production channels of supersymmetric particles at colliders are characteristically affected by the Majorana nature of particles exchanged in the production processes. The sensitivity to the Majorana character of the particles can be quantified by comparing the predictions with Dirac exchange mechanisms.

Aguayo, Estanislao; Avignone, Frank T. Transport signatures of quasiparticle poisoning in a Majorana island. We investigate effects of quasiparticle poisoning in a Majorana island with strong tunnel coupling to normal-metal leads. In addition to the main Coulomb blockade diamonds, "shadow" diamonds appear, shifted by 1e in gate voltage, consistent with transport through an excited poisoned state Full Text Available The quantum evolution that occurs after a metallic lead is suddenly connected to an electron system contains information about the excitation spectrum of the combined system.

As in recent quantum-dot experiments, this exponent could be measured by optical absorption, offering a new signature of Majorana zero modes that is distinct from interferometry and tunneling spectroscopy. In addition to the main Coulomb blockade diamonds, "shadow" diamonds appear, shifted by 1e in gate voltage, consistent with transport through an excited poisoned state of the island.

Fluctuations in the gate-voltage spacing of Coulomb peaks at high field, reflecting Majorana hybridization, are enhanced by the reduced lever arm at strong coupling. When converted from gate voltage to energy units, fluctuations are consistent with previous measurements.

Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires. Certain one-dimensional Fermi systems have an energy gap in the bulk spectrum while boundary states are described by one Majorana operator per boundary point. Such systems can be used as qubits since they are intrinsically immune to decoherence. The property of a system to have boundary Majorana fermions is expressed as a condition on the bulk electron spectrum.

The condition is satisfied in the presence of an arbitrary small energy gap induced by proximity of a three-dimensional p-wave superconductor, provided that the normal spectrum has an odd number of Fermi points in each half of the Brillouin zone each spin component counts separately. The signature triality of Majorana -Weyl spacetimes. The Higher dimensional Majorana -Weyl spacetimes present space-time dualities which are induced by the Spin 8 triality automorphisms. Different signature versions of theories such as dimensional SYM's superstrings, five-branes, F-theory, are shown to be interconnected via the S 3 permutation group.

Bilinear and trilinear invariants under spacetime triality are introduced and their possible relevance in building models possessing a space-versus-time exchange symmetry is discussed. We consider both velocity-dependent and velocity-independent contributions to spin-dependent SD and spin-independent SI nuclear scattering including one-loop corrections of WIMPless dark matter, in the case where the dark matter candidate is a Majorana fermion.

We find that spin-independent scattering arises only from the mixing of exotic squarks or from velocity-dependent terms. Genesis of unified models from Majorana -Weyl fields. It is proposed that all forms of interaction arise from elementary interactions between Weyl- Majorana fields.

Weak interactions due to the high masses of the intermediate bosons are practically identical to the elementary interactions. Strong and electromagnetic interactions arise at larger distance, where dynamic determines both masses and symmetry. In the frame of these ideas, Pati-Salam and Fritzsch-Minkowski type of unified models are constructed starting from eight Weyl- Majorana fields. Fractional charges for quarks, integer charges for lepton and regularization of q.

Probing lepton number violation via Majorana neutrinos at hadron supercolliders. The possibility of discovering heavy Majorana neutrinos and lepton number violation via the like sign dilepton signal at hadron supercolliders is investigated. The cross-sections for the production of these neutrinos singly as well as in pairs are computed both in three and four generations scenarios within the framework of the gauge group SU 2 L x U 1 Y and the dominant processes are identified. The suppression of the Standard model background by suitable kinematical cuts is also discussed. Majorana edge States in atomic wires coupled by pair hopping.

We present evidence for Majorana edge states in a number conserving theory describing a system of spinless fermions on two wires that are coupled by pair hopping. Our analysis is based on a combination of a qualitative low energy approach and numerical techniques using the density matrix renormalization group. In addition, we discuss an experimental realization of pair-hopping interactions in cold atom gases confined in optical lattices.

Decoherence patterns of topological qubits from Majorana modes. We investigate the decoherence patterns of topological qubits in contact with the environment using a novel way of deriving the open system dynamics, rather than using the Feynman—Vernon approach.

Each topological qubit is made up of two Majorana modes of a 1D Kitaev chain. These two Majorana modes interact with the environment in an incoherent way which yields peculiar decoherence patterns of the topological qubit. We find atypical patterns of quantum decoherence. In contrast to the case for non-topological qubits—which always decohere completely in all Ohmic-like environments—topological qubits decohere completely in Ohmic and sub-Ohmic environments but not in super-Ohmic ones. Moreover, we find that the fermion parities of the topological qubits, though they cannot prevent the qubit states from exhibiting decoherence in sub-Ohmic environments, can prevent thermalization turning the state into a Gibbs state.

We also study the cases in which each Majorana mode can couple to different Ohmic-like environments, and the time dependence of concurrence for two topological qubits. Nuclear structure calculations have been carried out for the case of an experimentally interesting nucleus 48 Ti in the framework of a renormalized proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation. Therefore, searches for this LNV process can only rely on the presence of certain physics beyond the trivial extension of the standard model by inclusion of massive Majorana neutrinos. CP violation with Majorana neutrinos in K meson decays.

This decay violates Lepton Number by two units and occurs only if there are Majorana particles that mediate the transition. Even though the absolute rate is highly suppressed by current bounds, we search for Majorana neutrino scenarios where the CP asymmetry arising from the lepton sector could be sizeable. The full decay, however, may be difficult to detect not only because of the suppression caused by the heavy-to-light lepton mixing, but also because of the long lifetime of the heavy neutrino, which would induce large space separation between the two vertices where the charge leptons are produced.

This particular problem should be less serious in heavier meson decays, as they involve heavier neutrinos with shorter lifetimes. Majorana zero modes in Dirac semimetal Josephson junctions. We have realized proximity-induced superconductivity in a Dirac semimetal and revealed the topological nature of the superconductivity by the observation of Majorana zero modes. As a Dirac semimetal, Bi0. Electronic transport measurements on Hall-bars fabricated out of Bi0.

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In perpendicular magnetic fields, we see Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations that indicate very low carrier densities. The low Fermi energy and protection against backscattering in our Dirac semimetal Josephson junctions provide favorable conditions for a large contribution of Majorana zero modes to the supercurrent. In radiofrequency irradiation experiments, we indeed observe these Majorana zero modes in Nb-Bi0. Majorana neutrino masses and the neutrinoless double-beta decay. Neutrinoless double-beta decay is forbidden in the Standard Model of electroweak and strong interaction but allowed in most Grand Unified Theories GUTs.

Only if the neutrino is a Majorana particle identical with its antiparticle and if it has a mass is neutrinoless double-beta decay allowed. Apart from one claim that the neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76 Ge is measured, one has only upper limits for this transition probability. But even the upper limits allow one to give upper limits for the electron Majorana neutrino mass and upper limits for parameters of GUTs and the minimal R-parity-violating supersymmetric model. One further can give lower limits for the vector boson mediating mainly the right-handed weak interaction and the heavy mainly right-handed Majorana neutrino in left-right symmetric GUTs.

For that, one has to assume that the specific mechanism is the leading one for neutrinoless double-beta decay and one has to be able to calculate reliably the corresponding nuclear matrix elements. In the present work, one discusses the accuracy of the present status of calculating of the nuclear matrix elements and the corresponding limits of GUTs and supersymmetric parameters.

In addition, the atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments imply that at least one neutrino has a mass greater than about 50 meV. The Majorana Experiment expects to probe an effective neutrino mass near this critical value. Each crystal will be electronically segmented and each segment fitted with pulse-shape analysis electronics. The half-life sensitivity is estimated to be 4.

Contrary to Dirac particles, Majorana -particle propagators are shown to differ from the simple linear gamma mu p submu, structure. Furthermore, neither Majorana particles, nor their antiparticles can be associated with a well defined arrow of time. The second part of the lecture notes is devoted to massive gravitino.

Spacetime structure of massive Majorana particles and massive gravitino. The latter is distributed uniformly, i. From that we draw the conclusion that the massive gravitino should be interpreted as a particle of multiple spin. The surviving tau-neutrino flux is calculated using transport equations including Majorana neutrino production and decay. Quantum resistor-capacitor circuit with Majorana fermion modes in a chiral topological superconductor.

We investigate the mesoscopic resistor-capacitor circuit consisting of a quantum dot coupled to spatially separated Majorana fermion modes in a chiral topological superconductor. We find substantially enhanced relaxation resistance due to the nature of Majorana fermions, which are their own antiparticles and are composed of particle and hole excitations in the same abundance.

Further, if only a single Majorana mode is involved, the zero-frequency relaxation resistance is completely suppressed due to a destructive interference. As a result, the Majorana mode opens an exotic dissipative channel on a superconductor which is typically regarded as dissipationless due to its finite superconducting gap. Dynamic current susceptibility as a probe of Majorana bound states in nanowire-based Josephson junctions. We theoretically study a Josephson junction based on a semiconducting nanowire subject to a time-dependent flux bias.

We establish a general density-matrix approach for the dynamical response of the Majorana junction and calculate the resulting flux-dependent susceptibility using both microscopic and effective low-energy descriptions for the nanowire. We find that the diagonal component of the susceptibility, associated with the dynamics of the Majorana state populations, dominates over the standard Kubo contribution for a wide range of experimentally relevant parameters. The diagonal term, explored, in this Rapid Communication, in the context of Majorana physics, allows probing accurately the presence of Majorana bound states in the junction.

Two little known anomalies hint to phenomena beyond current theory. Majorana experiments were never repeated by the international scientific community. Instead his results were dismissed on theoretical claims: Results are positive, provided that shielding is interpreted as scattering rather than absorption of gravity by moon H. Munera, Physics Essays 24, , Surprisingly, the pendulum was perturbed by the eclipse, condition repeated once again in a solar eclipse, also partial in Paris. During the past sixty years, paraconical, torsion and Foucault pendula, and other mechanical devices, have been used to dis confirm Allais effect, but the results are not conclusive thus far.

A book edited by this author Should the laws of gravitation be revised? Apeiron describes some of those observations. Various unexpected effects, some of them torsional, appear both near the optical shadow, and far away. Rotation of moon may induce. Quantum Transport in Indium Antimonide Nanowires: Investigating building blocks for Majorana devices.

Recently ideas to engineer Majorana fermions in the solid state have been developed. These Majoranas , quasiparticles that are their own antiparticle, have received much attention, as they are expected to fulfill non-Abelian exchange statistics and could potentially function as fault-tolerant quantum.

Can neutrino-electron scattering tell us whether neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles? There has recently been interest in the possibility that neutrino-electron scattering experiments could determine whether neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles by providing information on their electromagnetic structure. We try to explain why studies of neutrino electromagnetic structure actually cannot distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. Chiral Majorana fermion modes regulated by a scanning tunneling microscope tip. We propose a strategy to regulate the phase of the chiral Majorana state by coupling with a scanning tunneling microscope tip in a system consisting of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator coupled with a superconductor.

The perfect crossed Andreev reflection, by which a Cooper pair can be split into two electrons going into different terminals completely, leads to a pumping current and distinct quantized resistances. These findings may provide a signature of Majorana fermions and pave a feasible avenue to regulate the phase of the Majorana state.

Currently, it is unknown if this decay process occurs; however, observation of such a decay process would show that lepton number is violated, confirm that neutrinos are Majorana particles, and yield information on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. With current experimental results indicating a half-life greater than 2 x years for this decay, the minimization of background events is of critical importance.

Here, we present both the hardware and software of the trigger card system, which provides a common clock to all digitizers and the muon veto system, thereby enabling the rejection of background events through coincidence testing. Current experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the distributed clock to be within two clock pulses 20 ns across all system components. A test system is used to validate the data acquisition system. Utilizing time correlation, coincidence testing is able to reject multi-detector events that may.

Majorana neutrinos in a warped 5D standard model. We consider neutrino oscillations and neutrinoless double beta decay in a five dimensional standard model with warped geometry. Although the see-saw mechanism in its simplest form cannot be implemented because of the warped geometry, the bulk standard model neutrinos can acquire the desired Majorana masses from dimension five interactions. We discuss how large mixings can arise, why the large mixing angle MSW solution for solar neutrinos is favored, and provide estimates for the mixing angle U e3.

Implications for neutrinoless double beta decay are also discussed. Geometric phase of neutrinos: Differences between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. We analyze the non-cyclic geometric phase for neutrinos. We find that the geometric phase and the total phase associated to the mixing phenomenon provide a theoretical tool to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. Our results hold for neutrinos propagating in vacuum and through the matter. We feed the values of the experimental parameters in our formulas in order to make contact with experiments. Although it remains an open question how the geometric phase of neutrinos could be detected, our theoretical results may open new scenarios in the investigation of the neutrino nature.

In addition, heavy right-handed Majorana neutrino states N arise naturally within LR symmetric model. The N s could be partners of light neutrino states, related to their non-zero masses through the see-saw mechanism. It is shown that their decay signals can be identified with a small background. Neutrino Majorana masses from string theory instanton effects. Finding a plausible origin for right-handed neutrino Majorana masses in semirealistic compactifications of string theory remains one of the most difficult problems in string phenomenology.

We argue that right-handed neutrino Majorana masses are induced by non-perturbative instanton effects in certain classes of string compactifications in which the U 1 B-L gauge boson has a Stueckelberg mass. This mass term may be quite large since this is not a gauge instanton and Re U is not directly related to SM gauge couplings. Thus the size of the induced right-handed neutrino masses could be a few orders of magnitude below the string scale, as phenomenologically required.

Since the final state neutrino escapes detection, one cannot tell whether this process violates lepton number, what would indicate a Majorana character for the intermediate sterile neutrino. Our study shows that when the sterile neutrino mixings with electrons and muons are different enough, one can still discriminate between the Dirac and Majorana character of this intermediate neutrino by simply counting and comparing the above decay rates.

Majorana fermion representation and disorder. Many interesting phenomena in quantum physics arise through the quantum mechanical interaction of a large number of particles. In most cases describing the relevant physical properties is extremely difficult, because the complexity of the system increases exponentially with the number of interacting particles and solving the underlying Schroedinger equation becomes impossible.

Nevertheless, our understanding of complex phenomena has progressed through some groundbreaking discoveries in the history of condensed matter physics. Examples include the development of Landau's theory of Fermi liquids, the BCS theory of superconductivity, the theory of superfluidity and the theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

In all these cases a theoretical understanding was achieved with so-called quasi-particles. Instead of explaining a phenomenon through the behavior of fundamental particles, such as electrons, the corresponding properties can be described by the simple behavior of quasi-particles, which are themselves a result of the complex collective interaction.

One of the rare examples, where a strongly correlated quantum mechanical problem can be solved analytical, is the Kitaev model. It describes interacting spins on a honeycomb lattice and exhibits a spin liquid ground state. Here the solution was achieved by means of certain quasi-particles, called Majorana fermions. However, it has not been possible to clearly identify such a spin liquid experimentally, because its defining feature is the absence of any conventional order, in particular magnetic order.

In contrast, the observation of quasiparticle excitations may hint at the nature of the ground state. But also a definite detection of Majorana fermions in any kind of system remains one of the outstanding issues in modern condensed matter physics. Therefore this thesis is devoted to the question how such quasiparticles may be found experimentally. For this reason we study the influence of disorder on the states.

Quantum effects on Higgs-boson production and decay due to Majorana neutrinos. We analyze the phenomenological implications for new electroweak physics in the Higgs sector in the framework of SU 2 L x U 1 Y theories that naturally predict heavy Majorana neutrinos. It turns out that these are extremely small in three-generation models. On the other hand, the sizeable quantum corrections generated by a conventional fourth generation with a Dirac neutrino may be screened considerably in the presence of a Majorana degree of freedom. The Majorana experiment is a proposed HPGe detector array that will primarily search for neutrinoless double-beta decay and dark matter.

It will rely on pulse-shape discrimination and crystal segmentation to suppress backgrounds following careful materials selection. A critical aspect of the design phase of Majorana is a reliable simulation of the detector response, pulse formation, and its radioactive backgrounds. We are developing an adaptable and complete simulation based on GEANT 4 to address these requirements and the requirements of a modern, large collaboration experiment.

The salient aspects of the simulation are presented. The Majorana experiment is presented in a parallel poster by Kareem Kazkaz. On the possibilities of distinguishing Dirac from Majorana neutrinos. The problem if existing neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles is considered in a very pedagogical way. Next we describe the properties of neutrinos in the cases when their interactions are given by the standard model and by its extensions massive neutrinos, right-handed currents, electromagnetic neutrino interaction, interaction with scalar particles.

Various processes where the different nature of neutrinos could in principle be visible are reviewed. We clear up misunderstandings which have appeared in last suggestions how to distinguish both types of neutrinos. Transport through interacting quantum dots with Majorana fermions or phonons.

Recent advances in the search for Majorana fermions within condensed matter systems inspired the first part of the thesis. These hypothetical particles which are their own antiparticles are predicted to arise in the form of quasi-particle excitations called Majorana bound states at the surface of engineered condensed matter systems. An experimental detection is challenging since their defining property also implies that they possess no charge, no energy and no spin.

This significantly reduces the possibilities to interact with them and get a proof of their existence from a measurement. The most promising experimental results are based on transport measurements where current-voltage-characteristics play the role of a spectroscopy signal. In this thesis, we investigate a single electron transistor setup which hosts a spatially separated pair of Majorana fermions with respect to their influence on its transport characteristics.

We focus on a master equation approach including sequential and cotunneling contributions. After deducing all relevant rates we solve the system numerically over a broad parameter regime. For some limits, we also elaborate analytical solutions. In comparison with collaboratively worked out other methods we provide a broad understanding of the setup and make a proposal how our results could be used as a detection scheme for Majorana fermions.

The second part of the thesis investigates the spinless Anderson-Holstein model which is the minimal model for molecular transport. It models a molecule with electronic and vibronic degrees of freedom which is placed between metallic leads at different chemical potentials to investigate again its transport properties. Also here we intended to gain access to a broad parameter regime and successfully extended the numerical ''iterative summation of path-integrals'' scheme to this model. It is based on a real-time path-integral approach in combination with the nonequilibrium Keldysh. It is crucial for the experiment to understand the performance of the HPGe crystals.

A variety of crystal properties are being investigated, including basic properties such as energy resolution, efficiency, uniformity, capacitance, leakage current and crystal axis orientation, as well as more sophisticated properties, e. In this talk, we will present our measurements that characterize the HPGe crystals.

We will also discuss the our simulation package for the detector characterization setup, and show that additional information can be extracted from data-simulation comparisons. Since the option of a ep collider operating with the 3 TeV proton booster has been considered. Frustration-free Hamiltonians supporting Majorana zero edge modes.

A one-dimensional fermionic system, such as a superconducting wire, may host Majorana zero-energy edge modes MZMs at its edges when it is in the topological phase. MZMs provide a path to realising fault-tolerant quantum computation, and so are the focus of intense experimental and theoretical studies. However, given a Hamiltonian, determining whether MZMs exist is a daunting task as it relies on knowing the spectral properties of the Hamiltonian in the thermodynamic limit. The Kitaev chain is a paradigmatic non-interacting model that supports MZMs and the Hamiltonian can be fully diagonalised.

However, for interacting models, the situation is far more complex. Here we consider a different classification of models, namely, ones with frustration-free Hamiltonians. Within this class of models, interacting and non-interacting systems are treated on an equal footing, and we identify exactly which Hamiltonians can realise MZMs. The observation of this rare decay would indicate that the neutrino is its own antiparticle, demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved, and provide information on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino.

The array will be situated in a low-background environment and surrounded by passive and active shielding. Here we describe the science goals of the Demonstrator and the details of its design. Massive Majorana neutrinos in pre-bounce supernovae. The currently accepted models of supernova collapse rely on the standard electroweak theory and massless left-handed neutrinos.

We consider the effect of massive right-handed Majorana neutrinos on this scenario. In order that they do not upset the agreement of the usual treatment with observation, we require that in the pre-bounce stage either a these neutrinos are trapped or b if they free stream they do not change the electron fraction to the extent that the explosion is prevented. From these constraints, we obtain upper and lower bounds on the right-handed interaction strengths as a function of the neutrino mass which can be translated to bounds on the right-handed gauge boson mass. Topological superfluids with finite-momentum pairing and Majorana fermions.

Majorana fermions MFs , quantum particles that are their own antiparticles, are not only of fundamental importance in elementary particle physics and dark matter, but also building blocks for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Recently MFs have been intensively studied in solid state and cold atomic systems. These studies are generally based on superconducting pairing with zero total momentum.

Here we show that MFs can exist in certain types of gapped FF states, yielding a new quantum matter: We demonstrate the existence of such topological FF superfluids and the associated MFs using spin-orbit-coupled degenerate Fermi gases and derive their parameter regions. One of the cornerstones for topological quantum computations is the Majorana zero mode, which has been intensively searched in fractional quantum Hall systems and topological superconductors.

Several recent works suggest that such an exotic mode can also exist in a one-dimensional 1D interacting double-wire setup even without long-range superconductivity. A notable instability in these proposals comes from interchannel single-particle tunneling that spoils the topological ground state degeneracy.

Here we show that a 1D Dirac semimetal DSM nanowire is an ideal number-conserving platform to realize such Majorana physics. By inserting magnetic flux, a DSM nanowire is driven into a 1D crystalline-symmetry-protected semimetallic phase. Interaction enables the emergence of boundary Majorana zero modes, which is robust as a result of crystalline symmetry protection. We also explore several experimental consequences of Majorana signals.

Perhaps the most commonly studied model is the type-I seesaw mechanism. This model introduces a new neutrino with a Majorana nature and an unknown mass. Sphaleron-induced baryon-number nonconservation and a constraint on Majorana neutrino masses. We point out that the baryon-number asymmetry in the Universe is erased by the sphaleron effect just below the electroweak phase transition irrespective of the primordial baryon- and lepton-number asymmetry, if there exists a Majorana -type interaction. The observation of this decay would provide critical insight into our understanding of neutrinos, yielding definitive evidence that neutrinos are Majorana particles and providing information on the absolute mass of neutrinos.

The goal of our R and D program has been to demonstrate the feasibility of all components of Majorana and to provide an integrated evaluation framework, allowing for optimization of these components in terms of background, background suppression, and signal detection efficiency and acceptance. This report covers work carried out by Majorana collaboration members at the University of Washington as part of the overall Majorana collaboration activities.

Specifically the Majorana group at the University of Washington was involved in moving forward on demonstrating technology for clean large-scale cryostats and mounting the HPGe crystals in low-mass holders. The UW activities included assistance in the procurement and assembly of an electroforming system for large size cryostats, and design and fabrication of prototype crystal mounting hardware.

Large impedances and Majorana bound states in superconducting circuits. Superconducting circuits offer the opportunity to study quantum mechanics on mesoscopic scales unimpeded by dissipation. This fact and the nonlinearity of the Josephson inductance make it possible to use superconducting circuits as artificial atoms whose long-lived states can be selectively addressed and studied.

This implies charge fluctuations below the single Cooper-pair limit via flux-charge duality. The localization of charge leads to a strong susceptibility to interactions with charges in the environment which has motivated the search for schemes to decouple charges from their environment. This thesis is concerned with theoretical challenges arising from two complementary approaches to this problem: In recent years, the decoupling of charges from the environment through reactive large impedances, so-called ''superinductances'' L, has attracted much interest.

Although there exists a well-established formalism for the quantization of superconducting circuits in terms of node fluxes, this formalism is ill-suited for the description of fast flux transport with localized charges in large-impedance environments. In particular, the nonlinear capacitive behavior of phase slip junctions cannot be modeled in a straightforward way using node fluxes. Renormalization group evolution of neutrino parameters in presence of seesaw threshold effects and Majorana phases. We find that the Majorana phases play an important role in the RGE running of these mixing patterns along with the seesaw threshold corrections.

We present a comparative study of the RGE of all these mixing scenarios both with and without Majorana CP phases when seesaw threshold corrections are taken into consideration. We also calculate the order of effective Majorana mass and Jarlskog Invariant for each scenario under consideration. Lezioni di analisi matematica. Fate of Majorana fermions and Chern numbers after a quantum quench. In the sequence of quenches to either nontopological phases or other topological phases, we study the stability of Majorana fermions at the edges of a two-dimensional topological superconductor with spin-orbit coupling and in the presence of a Zeeman term.

Both instantaneous and slow quenches are considered. In the case of instantaneous quenches, the Majorana modes generally decay, but for a finite system there is a revival time that scales to infinity as the system size grows. Exceptions to this decaying behavior are found in some cases due to the presence of edge states with the same momentum in the final state.

Quenches to a topological Z 2 phase reveal some robustness of the Majorana fermions in the sense that even though the survival probability of the Majorana state is small, it does not vanish. If the pairing is not aligned with the spin-orbit Rashba coupling, it is found that the Majorana fermions are fairly robust with a finite survival probability. It is also shown that the Chern number remains invariant after the quench, until the propagation of the mode along the transverse direction reaches the middle point, beyond which the Chern number fluctuates between increasing values.

The effect of varying the rate of change in slow quenches is also analyzed. It is found that the defect production is nonuniversal and does not follow the Kibble-Zurek scaling with the quench rate, as obtained before for other systems with topological edge states. Decaying spectral oscillations in a Majorana wire with finite coherence length. Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate the excitation energy of a proximitized Rashba wire in the presence of a position dependent pairing.

In particular, we focus on the spectroscopic pattern produced by the overlap between two Majorana bound states that appear for values of the Zeeman field smaller than the value necessary for reaching the bulk topological superconducting phase. The two Majorana bound states can arise because locally the wire is in the topological regime. We find three parameter ranges with different spectral properties: Interestingly, all these cases have already been observed experimentally.

Moreover, since an increment of the magnetic field implies the increase of the distance between the Majorana bound states, the amplitude of the energy oscillations, when present, gets reduced. The existence of the different Majorana scenarios crucially relies on the fact that the two Majorana bound states have distinct k -space structures. We develop analytical models that clearly explain the microscopic origin of the predicted behavior. Is neutrino produced in standard weak interactions a Dirac or Majorana particle? This work considers the following problem: It is concluded that only Dirac neutrinos but not Majorana neutrinos can be produced in these interactions.

It means that this neutrino will be produced in another type of interaction.

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Namely, Majorana neutrino will be produced in the interaction which differentiates spin projections but cannot differentiate neutrino particle from antineutrino antiparticle. But interaction with Z boson will be absent. Such an interaction has not been discovered yet. Therefore, experiments with very high precision are important to detect the neutrinoless double decays if they are realized in the Nature.

Phenomenological analysis of properties of the right-handed Majorana neutrino in the seesaw mechanism. As an extension of our previous work in the seesaw mechanism, we analyze the influence of nonzero U e3 on the properties masses and mixing of the right-handed Majorana neutrinos in three flavors. The quasidegenerate light neutrinos case is also considered. We show that degenerate right-handed RH Majorana masses correspond to a maximal RH mixing angle while hierarchical ones correspond to the RH mixing angles which scale linearly with the mass ratios of the Dirac neutrino masses.

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An interesting analogue to the behavior of the matter-enhanced neutrino conversion and their difference is presented. Low background materials and fabrication techniques for cables and connectors in the Majorana Demonstrator. The Majorana Collaboration is searching for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of the nucleus 76Ge.