Hero of Alexandria #1

The term is used for a variety of purposes in mathematics and other fields.

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The ancient Chinese used shadow measurements for creating calendars that are mentioned in several ancient texts. According to the collection of Zhou Chinese poetic anthologies Classic of Poetry, one of the distant ancestors of King Wen of the Zhou dynasty used to measure gnomon shadow lengths to determine the orientation around the 14th century BC. Timeline of motor and engine technology c. In historical times, Greek civilization has played one of the major roles in the history and development of mathematics.

To this day, a number of Greek mathematicians are considered for their innovations and influence on mathematics. There has been a large community of Greeks in Egypt, also known as Egyptiotes Greek: Herodotus visited Egypt in the 5th century BC and claimed that the Greeks were one of the first groups of foreigners that ever lived in Egypt. Siculus reports that all the Greek cities were destroyed during the cataclysm, but the Egyptian cities including Heliopolis and Sais survived. In 7th century BC, aft A machine or mechanical device is a mechanical structure that uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended action.

Machines can be driven by animals and people, by natural forces such as wind and water, and by chemical, thermal, or electrical power, and include a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement. They can also include computers and sensors that monitor performance and plan movement, often called mechanical systems.

Renaissance natural philosophers identified six simple machines which were the elementary devices that put a load into motion, and calculated the ratio of output force to input force, known today as mechanical advantage.

Examples include a wide range of vehicles, such as automobiles, boats and airplanes, appliances in the home and office, He is best known for his discovery of previously unknown texts in the Archimedes Palimpsest, and for his edition of Euclid's Elements that T. Heath translated into English. He also published an edition of Ptolemy's Almagest. Many of his editions are still in use today.

Archimedes Palimpsest Heiberg inspect The Savery Steam Pump - the first commercially successful steam powered device, built by Thomas Savery The first recorded rudimentary steam engine was the aeolipile described by Heron of Alexandria in 1st-century Roman Egypt. In , Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine became the first commercially successful engine using the principle of the piston and cylinder, which was the fundamental type steam engine used until the early 20th century.

The steam engine was used to pump water out of coal mines During the Industrial Revolution, steam engines started to replace water and wind power, and eventually became the dominant source of power in the late 19th century and remaining so into the early decades of the 20th century, when the more efficient steam turbine and the internal combustion engine Fountains were originally purely functional, connected to springs or aqueducts and used to provide drinking water and water for bathing and washing to the residents of cities, towns and villages.

Until the late 19th century most fountains operated by gravity, and needed a source of water higher than the fountain, such as a reservoir or aqueduct, to make the water flo Mercury thermometer mercury-in-glass thermometer for measurement of room temperature. Daniel Fahrenheit's application of mercury and a standardized temperature scale for liquid-in-glass thermometers ushered in a new era of accuracy and precision in thermometry. A thermometer has two important elements: Thermometers are widely used in industries to monitor pr A V6 internal combustion engine from a Mercedes-Benz An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.

Internal combustion engines are heat engines that burn fuel in a combustion chamber to extract work from the pressure of expanding gases.

Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion; pneumatic motors use compressed air; and clockwork motors in wind-up toys use elastic energy. In biological systems, molecular motors, like myosins in muscles, use chemical energy to create forces and eventually motion. Terminology The word engine derives from Old French engin, from the Latin ingenium—the root of the word ingenious. Pre-industrial weapons of war, such as catapults, trebuchets and battering rams, were called siege engines, and knowledge of how to construct them was often treated as a military secret. The word gin, as in cotton gin, is short for engine.

The concentric siphon or annular siphon is a rarer embodiment of the siphon which has the discharge tube separate from the inlet tube, with the opening of the outlet within the inlet tube. It has the advantages of taking up less space and of being able to be constructed with straight tubes and standard fittings, with no need for forming a U in the tube. The concentric siphon was first described by Ancient Greek engineer Hero of Alexandria as demonstration 2 in the book Pneumatica. The concentric siphon was used extensively in toilet cisterns [2] as a means of delivering a bulk discharge of water to flush a toilet etc.

It is also used in wastewater treatment systems. A minor use is in some types of Soxhlet extractor, where a concentric siphon is noted in advertising material[3] as being more robust and having a lower volume than a U siphon. The Savery Engine — the world's first commercially useful steam engine: Owing to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as meteorology, information theory, and biology physiology , and to technological developments such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine, cryogenics and electricity generation.

The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probability and statistics; see, for example, the timeline of thermodynamics. History Contributions from antiquity The ancients viewed heat as that related to fire.

Hero of Alexandria #1 - (EU) Comics by comiXology

In BC, the ancient Egyptians view Algebra from Arabic "al-jabr", literally meaning "reunion of broken parts"[1] is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols;[2] it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics.

The more basic parts of algebra are called elementary algebra; the more abstract parts are called abstract algebra or modern algebra. Elementary algebra is generally considered to be essential for any study of mathematics, science, or engineering, as well as such applications as medicine and economics. Abstract algebra is a major area in advanced mathematics, studied primarily by professional math In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves.

The Romans adopted the Greek version of his life and works essentially unchanged, but added anecdotal detail of their own, some of it linking the hero with the geography of the Central Mediterranean. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.

Heron of Alexandria

Origin Many popular stories were told of his life, the most famo A display of two outflow water clocks from the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens. The top is an original from the late 5th century BC. The bottom is a reconstruction of a clay original. Water clocks are one of the oldest time-measuring instruments. The bowl-shaped outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC.

Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. Some authors, however, claim that water clocks appeared in China as early as BC. Rick Grimes is a fictional character and the protagonist in the comic book series The Walking Dead and the television series of the same name, portrayed by Andrew Lincoln.

Rick Grimes is a small town sheriff's deputy who has a son, Carl, with wife Lori. He awakens from a coma after a life-threatening gun shot wound to find the world overrun by zombies, or "walkers" as they are referred to within the story. In both media, Rick awakens from a coma into the apocalypse and searches for Lori and Carl, and finds them in the Atlanta camp with his best friend, Shane Walsh, and becomes the group's leader. Although Rick quickly adapts to the notion of killing walkers, he retains his morality towards the living, which puts him Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world.

These earlier studies on optics are now known as "classical optics". The term "modern optics" refers to areas of optical research that largely developed in the 20th century, such as wave optics and quantum optics.

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Hero's wind-powered organ reconstruction. The book About automata by Hero of Alexandria edition. The Hutchinson dictionary of scientific biography. Hero of Alexandria lived c. Drachmann, "Heron's Windmill", Centaurus, 7 , pp. The Engines of Our Ingenuity. A History of Mathematics: Certainly, all of them wrote in Greek and were part of the Greek intellectual community of Alexandria.

And most modern studies conclude that the Greek community coexisted [ It is, of course, impossible to answer this question definitively. But research in papyri dating from the early centuries of the common era demonstrates that a significant amount of intermarriage took place between the Greek and Egyptian communities [ In addition, even from the founding of Alexandria, small numbers of Egyptians were admitted to the privileged classes in the city to fulfill numerous civic roles.

Of course, it was essential in such cases for the Egyptians to become "Hellenized," to adopt Greek habits and the Greek language. Given that the Alexandrian mathematicians mentioned here were active several hundred years after the founding of the city, it would seem at least equally possible that they were ethnically Egyptian as that they remained ethnically Greek. In any case, it is unreasonable to portray them with purely European features when no physical descriptions exist. Hero of Alexandria Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria. Archived from the original on Twenty-five centuries of technological change.

Among the devices credited to Hero are the aeolipile, a working steam engine used to open temple doors and Wood, Chris M. By attaching ropes to the axial shaft Hero used the developed power to perform tasks such as opening temple doors Humphrey, John W. Greek and Roman technology: Annotated translations of Greek and Latin texts and documents. Routledge Sourcebooks for the Ancient World. London and New York: The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria. Taylor Walton and Maberly. Retrieved January 27, The same video is also available at this URL: A History of Greek Mathematics, Vol.

The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Hero of Alexandria topic Hero of Alexandria ; Greek: Member feedback about Hero of Alexandria: Ancient Greek mathematicians Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Heron's formula topic A triangle with sides a, b, and c. Member feedback about Heron's formula: Area Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Of Alexandria topic This article lists people, events and other subjects which are referred to as "of Alexandria".

Member feedback about Of Alexandria: Set indices Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Ctesibius: Block and tackle topic A block and tackle[1][2] is a system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift heavy loads. Member feedback about Block and tackle: Simple machines Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. History of firefighting topic Fighting a fire in New York City, illustration The history of organized firefighting began in ancient Rome while under the rule of Augustus.

Member feedback about History of firefighting: History by topic Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Aeolipile topic An illustration of Hero's aeolipile An aeolipile or aeolipyle, or eolipile , also known as a Hero's engine, is a simple bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated.

Member feedback about Aeolipile: Early rocketry Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Hero disambiguation topic Look up hero in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Member feedback about Hero disambiguation: Indian film remakes Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Pulley topic A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt.

Member feedback about Pulley: Mechanics Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Specular reflection: Geometrical optics Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Diophantus: Number theorists Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Hero of Byzantium topic An Italian copy of one of Hero's diagrams. Member feedback about Hero of Byzantium: Unidentified people Revolvy Brain revolvybrain Odd Interests jaimeknight Hypatia topic Hypatia[a] born c.

Member feedback about Hypatia: Ancient Greek mathematicians Revolvy Brain revolvybrain women in history smol-bee. Principle of least action topic This article discusses the history of the principle of least action. Member feedback about Principle of least action: Concepts in physics Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Triangulation topic In trigonometry and geometry, triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to it from known points. Member feedback about Triangulation: Elementary geometry Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

Eratosthenes topic Eratosthenes of Cyrene ; Greek: Member feedback about Eratosthenes: Horror vacui physics topic In physics, horror vacui, or plenism , is commonly stated as "Nature abhors a vacuum". Member feedback about Horror vacui physics: History of physics Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Heronian triangle topic In geometry, a Heronian triangle is a triangle that has side lengths and area that are all integers.

Member feedback about Heronian triangle: Discrete geometry Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Cheiroballistra topic The cheiroballistra Greek: Member feedback about Cheiroballistra: Roman siege engines Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Automaton topic Pinocchio automaton. Member feedback about Automaton: Robotics Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

Hero of Alexandria

Dioptra topic Three stages in the evolution of the dioptra, from a simple horizontal sight, to a multi-angle measuring tool A dioptra sometimes also named dioptre or diopter from Greek: Member feedback about Dioptra: Historical scientific instruments Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

Heron crater topic Apollo 16 image Heron is a small lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, less than 20 kilometers from the equator. Member feedback about Heron crater: Impact craters on the Moon Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Heronian mean topic In mathematics, the Heronian mean H of two non-negative real numbers A and B is given by the formula: Member feedback about Heronian mean: Means Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

Pneumatics topic Pneumatic compressed-air locomotives like this were often used to haul trains in mines, where steam engines posed a risk of explosion. Member feedback about Pneumatics: Pneumatics Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about 1st century: Centuries Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Heron disambiguation topic Look up heron in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Member feedback about Heron disambiguation: Entasis topic Diagram of a Corinthian column showing a visible entasis bulge at "D" In architecture, entasis is the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes.

Member feedback about Entasis: Optical illusions Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Vending machine topic A snack food vending machine made in Gashapon vending machines Newspaper vending machines in Munich, Germany An automobile parking ticket machine in the Czech Republic A vending machine is an automated machine that provides items such as snacks, beverages, cigarettes and lottery tickets to consumers after money, a credit card, or specially designed card is inserted into the machine.

Member feedback about Vending machine: Soft drinks Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Humanoid robot topic RoboThespian, from Engineered Arts A humanoid robot is a robot with its body shape built to resemble the human body. Member feedback about Humanoid robot: Humanoid robots Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

Wheel and axle topic The windlass is a well-known application of the wheel and axle.

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Member feedback about Wheel and axle: Vehicle technology Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Water organ topic The water organ or hydraulic organ Greek: Member feedback about Water organ: Pipe organ Revolvy Brain revolvybrain hdpe pipe kuzeyborugroup.



Windlass topic Turnbridge windlass lifting road bridge over Huddersfield Broad Canal Differential windlass The windlass is an apparatus for moving heavy weights. Member feedback about Windlass: Sailing rigs and rigging Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. List of geometers topic One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid's Elements, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to c. Member feedback about List of geometers: Geometers Revolvy Brain revolvybrain autolycus of pitane jylenablanding.

Gnomon topic The gnomon is the triangular blade in this sundial. Member feedback about Gnomon: Sundials Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Timeline of motor and engine technology topic Timeline of motor and engine technology c. Member feedback about Timeline of motor and engine technology: Technology timelines Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. List of Greek mathematicians topic In historical times, Greek civilization has played one of the major roles in the history and development of mathematics.

Member feedback about List of Greek mathematicians: Lists of mathematicians Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Greeks in Egypt: Greek minorities Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Machine topic A machine or mechanical device is a mechanical structure that uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended action.

Johan Ludvig Heiberg historian topic J. Member feedback about Johan Ludvig Heiberg historian: History of the steam engine topic The Savery Steam Pump - the first commercially successful steam powered device, built by Thomas Savery The first recorded rudimentary steam engine was the aeolipile described by Heron of Alexandria in 1st-century Roman Egypt.

Hero of Alexandria lived c. Drachmann, "Heron's Windmill", Centaurus , 7 , pp. The Engines of Our Ingenuity. A History of Mathematics: An Introduction , p. Certainly, all of them wrote in Greek and were part of the Greek intellectual community of Alexandria. And most modern studies conclude that the Greek community coexisted [ It is, of course, impossible to answer this question definitively. But research in papyri dating from the early centuries of the common era demonstrates that a significant amount of intermarriage took place between the Greek and Egyptian communities [ In addition, even from the founding of Alexandria, small numbers of Egyptians were admitted to the privileged classes in the city to fulfill numerous civic roles.

Of course, it was essential in such cases for the Egyptians to become "Hellenized," to adopt Greek habits and the Greek language. Given that the Alexandrian mathematicians mentioned here were active several hundred years after the founding of the city, it would seem at least equally possible that they were ethnically Egyptian as that they remained ethnically Greek.

In any case, it is unreasonable to portray them with purely European features when no physical descriptions exist. Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria. Archived from the original on Twenty-five centuries of technological change. Among the devices credited to Hero are the aeolipile, a working steam engine used to open temple doors and Wood, Chris M.

Greek and Roman technology: Annotated translations of Greek and Latin texts and documents. Routledge Sourcebooks for the Ancient World. London and New York: The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria. Taylor Walton and Maberly. Retrieved January 27, The same video is also available at this URL: A History of Greek Mathematics, Vol. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.