Trinklied from the opera Undine - Score

Those who reflected about their cultural identity in the new country may have real- ized the futility of trying to stand out as German in an English-speaking country whose existence depended on integrating different nationalities into one American nation. This attitude apparently prevailed among German-American intellectuals and the reading public beyond Cincinnati, to whom Rattermann 1 s journals failed to appeal. Although the unification of Germany completed under Bismarck in boost- ed German nationalism in America, it could not have the same rallying effect as in the homeland.

Too many German-Americans resented Prussian militarism, which had played a major part in the unification of Germany. Too many Ger- man-Americans remembered the suppression of the revolution in the Ger- man principalities and found it difficult to develop a genuine loyalty to a new German state ruled by a Prussian monarch.

By enthusiasm over Ger- many's victory and unification had ebbed. More and more sobering information about the limitation of personal rights in the new German Empire reached those who had been willing to forget in that the new Empire would still be a monarchy. Many Forty-eighters, culturally and intellectually the most in- formed among Germans in America, had moved on to more promising tasks than becoming champions of German- America. Their interest was in the present and the future rather than in the past, anyway.

Those Germans who thrived on nationalism were looking for more contemporary and potent fare than could be found in Per Deutsche Pionier or the Deutsch-Amerikanisches Magazin. Rattermann's preoccupation with the history of German- America may have been fatal to his success as a journalist, but he conducted his research over a wide range of subjects and with a care that wins him grateful readers now. Biographical sketches were a staple of Per Deutsche Pionier.

There were an average of twenty to thirty per volume, and they frequently appeared as ser- ial articles. The sketches deal with prominent German- Americans of the first half of the nineteenth century and occasionally with Germans influen- tial during a period spent in America. Rattermann used authen- tic materials effectively and scrupulously indicated his sources and the con- tributions by other authors. The biographical sketches, often based on memorial speeches given in the "Deutscher Literarischer Klub von Cincinnati" German Literary Club of Cin- cinnati , reveal Rattermann's gift for retaining and relating detail, some- times at the cost of general clarity.

In the biography of Johann B.

Stallo, Rattermann records that he, Rattermann, "jumped up and down like a madman" at the news of Stallo 's appointment as Ambassador to Italy. The biography of Friedrich Gerstacker, popular and eccentric German author of travel and adventure narratives, shows Rattermann at his best: With a good sense for the propagandistic and even sensational, Ratter- mann searched for documentary material that would illustrate German- American achievements during the Revolutionary War. Thirteen issues of Per Deutsche Pionier contain a serial article on German-American participation in the war with sketches of important individuals and numerous military records.

Rat- termann thought he had evidence that Washington's bodyguard had been pre- dominantly German. He was disappointed when his findings were not immediate- ly accepted for presentation at a Philadelphia historical convention. Rattermann edited a Hessian soldier's personal perspective on the American Revolution in an attempt to redeem the much maligned Hessians. Of course, Cincinnati's indebtedness to German pioneer achievements was a major field of Rattermann's research and documentary efforts.

He wrote on Cincin- nati in , the first German theater, the first mayor, German art and art- ists of the city, German writers and literature in Cincinnati, and its Ger- man choral societies. The most impressive of Rattermann's many regional studies is his essay on the German colonists of Maine. For this he searched various state archives for original documents and asked friends in Europe to look for related primary sources. Governor of Illinois from to , Rattermann wrote several biographies in Korner 's book Das deutsche Element in den Vereinigten Staaten , and conscientiously reviewed the chapter on Ohio.

Later, countering a negative review of the book by Friedrich Kapp, Rattermann wrote Korner a point-by-point evaluation of that critique, separating constructive from unfounded critis- ism. Zimmermann, author of Deutsch in Amerika , received biographical information as well as extensive lists of German-American poets, which very likely formed the cornerstone of his book. Rattermann sent bio- graphies to William Egle for Notes and Queries. Many persons sought advice and information from him, and he gave it generously.

Historical soci- eties from different parts of the country invited him to be a corresponding and honorary member. Rattermann considered complete empathy and identification with the life described as the ideal approach in biography. He thought the danger of sub- jectivity was offset by basing everything on solid fact. He did not hesitate to reveal what he considered unethical maneuvering on the part of Carl Schurz, by then a celebrity not only among German-Americans.

He refrained from writing a comprehensive history of Germans in America because he felt the collection and analysis of source material for large parts of America had been insufficient. The latter four scholars owed much of their information to Rattermann, but they sometimes did not acknowledge this sufficiently. With the same indignation and fervor he used to combat the neglect of the German contribution to American history, Rattermann now attack- ed those who did not give him credit.

He called Ernst 0. Zim- mermann, Cronau, and Faust despicable freebooters, and he wrote numerous a- phorisms to castigate plagiarists. His dedication to the two journals, Der Deutsche Pionier and Deutsch-Amerikanisches Magazinj exhaust- ed him financially and emotionally. His great virtue of painstaking accuracy and love for detail may have hindered the presentation of a comprehensive view of a period. Finally, Rattermann did not have the resources of successful profes- sional writers or academic historians at his disposal.

Rattermann's vindication of previous German achievements in American his- tory was the basis for his active propagation of German culture in the pres- ent. This is reflected in his espousal of German language training in vari- ous speeches before the "Pionier-Verein," at the conventions of German-Amer- ican teachers, and in the editorial policy of Der Deutsche Pionier. Cincinnati's German- Americans could point to pioneer achievements in teach ing German. As early as they had obtained legislation to institute tru- ly bi-lingual English-German schools.

As editor of Der Deutsche Pionier, 10 Rattermann ardently supported the formation of similar English-German schools throughout the country. On several occasions he addressed the "Nationaler Deutsch-Amerikanischer Lehrerbund" National German- American Teachers' As- sociation , an organization dedicated to promoting the German language in American public schools. Implicit in their goals was the improvement of the general intellectual level and quality of education.

Rattermann held the progressive view that in subject matter, German textbooks should reflect the German- American child's environment and not merely copy Prussian schoolbooks. This may have been one of the motivations for his effort to rediscover Ger- man-American poets and authors and introduce them to a larger public. His letters show him in communication with such prominent educators and school administrators as C. Fick, and Wilhelm H. Anglo-American opposition to the emphasis on German in the public schools of large German-American communities remained strong.

It was argued that the study of German would Germanize the students, making them less loyal to the United States. Critics often cited the extra burden on the school budget. As a result numerous private German schools were established. In , after years of planning, the "Nationales Deutsch-Amerikanisches Lehrerseminar" National German-American Teachers' Seminary in Milwaukee began training highly qualified teachers.

It was founded in response to poor instruction at American public schools, for the propagation of progressive pedagogy im- ported from Germany, and to meet the demand for truly bi-lingual teachers who could teach at private German as well as American public schools. A fifteen-man executive board consisting of "Lehrerbund" members determined academic and financial policies of the Seminary.

With a keen sense for the educational importance of this German-American institution, Rattermann gave his enthusiastic support by reporting extensively on the Seminary's develop- ment and activities. The Rattermann Collection contains executive board min- utes sent to him between and Rattermann accepted a position on the board in and served for a period of three years in directing the business and academic policies of the Seminary and representing its interests among the teaching institutions in Cincinnati.

The Seminary was a unique, ambitious enterprise to consolidate German-American educational efforts on a national level. This involvement with the "Lehrerseminar" was one of the last of Ratter- mann 's direct efforts at propagating German culture in America. In a moving letter to Paul Loser, a staff mem- ber of the New Yorker Staatszeitung, Rattermann reflects on the transitori- ness of fame and acknowledges disillusionment with his idealistic efforts.

And with special reference to the plagiarists among historians, Rattermann praises poetry as the realm, 'Vhere I do not have to make the financial sacrifices in order to enable dilettantes to harvest and sell the grain which I sowed. He was always willing to put it aside when history called. As late as , at the age of 79, he was still contributing articles to the Deutsch-Amerikanische Geschichtsblatter 11 and saw to it that Julius Goebel assumed its editorship.

But from to Rattermann was primarily concerned with the writ- ing, organizing, publication, and distribution of his Gesammelte ausgewa'hlte Werke Collected Works. Unable to find a publisher, Rattermann and his daughter Katherine prepared the manuscript for printing, set the type, and finally printed his works.

Despite impending blindness and lacking the ac- claim he had hoped for, 57 Rattermann published privately twelve of the six- teen volumes originally projected. It is not known to how many publishers in the United States and Germany he sent his manuscripts, or whether he sub- mitted a whole plan of his collected works or just portions. Volumes I through V, his poetical works, have little to attract a publisher.

His pa- pers on art, poets, literature, and musicians, which filled volumes VIII and IX of his Collected Works, were probably not original enough to compete suc- cessfully with scholarly literature in the field. Rattermann read these pa- pers at the "Deutscher Literarischer Klub von Cincinnati" German Literary Club of Cincinnati , which he co-founded in and which became the gather- ing place of Cincinnati's German-American cultural and intellectual elite. Rattermann eulogized its members in a number of poems, and he wrote a humor- ous chronicle of the club that provides an inventory of talks delivered be- tween and During Rattermann 's editorship of Per Deutsche Pionier and Deutsch-Amerikanisches Magazin, the club's activities were consistently reported.

His daughter Katherine spoke of the club as her father's univer- sity. During his long membership Rattermann delivered over talks. The 'Biographikon" and the "Dichter-Album" were published in They consist of biographical sketches of about prominent Germans who lived in the United States be- tween and A special section in each volume, the "Dichter-Album," is dedicated to German-American poets of the period.

Each poet is introduced with a brief biographical sketch followed by a few selected poems. Because this material was not available to such writers as Georg von Bosse, Zimmer- mann, Cronau, and Faust Rattermann had purposely withheld it from potential freebooters , the "Biographikon" filled a major gap in German-American his- torical writings.

That almost certainly will never happen. Rattermann had no poetic sensitivity. His poems about America sound like exercises in neo-classical peotic rhetoric. Nowhere in his poetry is there the spark of unique personal perception. His wholesale rejection of such writers as Ibsen, Zola, Hauptmann, and Heine indicates how little sympathy he had for the literary spirit of his own age.

His imitative adherence to the ideals, poetic forms, and language of German classicists may be a tribute to his personal taste and idealism, but it shows Rattermann a dilettante as a writer and critic of poetry. Ironically, his pseudonym, Hugo Reimmund rhyming mouth says more about his poetic talents than Rattermann would have wished: Rattermann's historical inclination shows in his poetry, too.

Annotated 12 with footnotes, the monumental cycle "Vater Rhein" is a sequence of son- nets celebrating the natural beauty, history, mythology, and folklore of the Rhine region. Poems commemorating his deceased friends have the same char- acter of enumeration and preservation for posterity. Many poems, especially those on political issues of the day, provide valuable information on Ratter- mann's response to his social environment, his interests, likes, dislikes, and values.

His poetic writings helped him to live through the financially and emotionally harrowing period from to by "uplifting his spir- it. The Forty- eighters, always eager to criticize the provincialism of American culture and to propose radical social and political reforms, especially stimulated in their fellow-Germans an awareness of a pride in their German cultural her- itage. They wanted to maintain this heritage amidst a predominantly Anglo- American society and to reconcile their political allegiance to the United States with a definite preference for German life and culture.

The dangers of an existence opposed to assimilation into the mainstream of American life are apparent: Hawgood in his book The Tragedy of German- America refers to German-America as a "mental reserv- ation" and an "attractive but dangerous corral. And he shares many of the flaws of a movement that had fulfilled its genuine function with the end of the Know-Nothing threat late in the 's. Sweeping statements about the superiority of Ger- man language, life, and culture distorted the facts and annoyed well-meaning Anglo-American fellow-citizens.

Prussia's victory over France in ful- filled the longing for national unity and strength that had apparently been a strong emotional undercurrent in German-America. Some Forty-eighters could declare that Bismarck finally achieved what they had been fighting for during the revolution. Rattermann, usually a critic of Prussian militarism, applauded German gains on the battlefield and the final victory. There seemed to be a general feeling that Germany's victory and unification would legitimately strengthen the German-American position in the United States.

Convinced of the value of German cultural influence on American life, Rattermann, like many other German-Americans, was unable or unwilling to foresee the long-range consequences of a German-America psychologically and culturally apart from American society.

This limitation in perspective gave strength to Rattermann 's efforts to preserve the history of Germans in America and to propagate German culture. Future events were to prove that cooperation rather than confrontation between the two cultures would have better served the German element in America. Rattermann wrote it in English in the mid!

It clearly outlines Rattermann's attitude toward America and his political leanings during this period. The only other known autobiographical account of his life was written years later as a series of letters to Klemens Mollenbrock, a friend in Ankum, Germany, Rattermann's birthplace. These letters were published by Julius Goebel in "Aus H. Rattermann's Le- ben" in Deutsch-Amerikanische Geschichtsblatter, The Rattermann Manuscript Collection provides an abundance of personal de- tail and new information on Rattermann's life and times. These are just two examples of numerous similar stereotypic remarks throughout his works.

Hereafter the Collected Works will be ab- breviated as GW. Quotations from Rattermann's works, the Rattermann Collec- tion, and DPP in this essay have been translated by the author from the Ger- man original. Rattermann's letter to Mollenbrock, May 14, , in "Aus H. In the same letter Rattermann simply states that in the spring of his father decided to emigrate to America p.

The Rat- termann family left Germany on August 15, , and arrived in Baltimore on October 15, The biographical validity of his poetic statements is questionable, because the poems were written years later and filled with poetic commonplaces about America. Her statement that economic and political conditions forced the family to emigrate must be considered mere conjecture. Rattermann first supplemented his father's income and then supported the entire family following the death of his father four years after their ar- rival in America. Rattermann's letter to Mollenbrock, Jan. These early experiences seem to have been formative in- fluences on Rattermann's attitude toward Yankee life, and emerge later as propagandistic generalizations.

Some of the major conflicts were: This early period of his life in Cincinnati, roughly from the foundation of the "Sangerbund" in to the beginnings of his historical interests in the ' s, is slighted in existing studies on Rattermann. The Rattermann Collec- tion richly documents his musical activities. Two manuscript volumes in the Rattermann Collection contain correspondence and minutes of the "Erster Deutscher Sangerbund von Nordamerika" from Rattermann intended to use this material to bring up to date the serial article running through vol- umes 11, 12, and 13 of DDP.

On the fiftieth anniversary of the "Sangerbund", Rattermann was still involved in the annual festival arrangements Ratter- mann's letter to Albert W. Seventy-one newspaper clippings in section R. See also the newspaper scrapbooks in R. Rat- termann' s Schriften" lists nine opera librettos that Ratterman translated and adapted between This biographical sketch was written on Rattermann 's nine- tieth birthday.

See the newspaper clipping in section R. There is evidence that Rattermann studied and practiced law until He is also credited with making surveys of the buildings insured in order to set ratings and premiums. Letter press copybook R. See the newspaper clipping scrapbooks in section R. Rattermann, "Notizen," Deutsch-Amerikanisches Magazin.

His criticism of American life and culture seems to have increased toward the end of his life. See the large number of invective and satirical poems contained in the projected, unpublished volume VI of the Collected Works section R. J1 PPP, 9 , A Bibliography Metuchen, N. O See Rattermann's letter to Pr. William Henry Egle, Jan. Carl Riimelin, charged with reevaluating PDF in the light of the "Pionier-Verein's" obligations, reported that his committee re- jected the notion that the "Pionier-Verein" existed solely to support the journal.

Rattermann refers to the low educational level of most members of the "Pionier-Verein" and the "Hetzjagd" witchhunt against the journal. Several times in the past, members of the "Pionier-Verein" had said the journal was too costly for the society to continue. Rattermann's letter to Seidensticker, June 11, letter press copybook R. Rattermann's letter to Gustav Korner, August 18, letter press copybook R. It also states that of his approximately 1, subscribers, were from Cincinnati.

Rattermann blames the failure of Deutsch-Amerikanisches Ma- gazin on the book dealers' not advertising to a potential public of , professional or intellectual German-Americans. He regrets that Ottendorfer did not agree to a partnership with him at the outset in order to pull the journal through its initial difficult years. Rattermann also wanted a vigorous sales representative to promote Deutsch-Amerikanisches Magazin, but he could not afford one.

Uni- versity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, , p. Rattermann's letter to Dr. Rattermann asked Friedrich Kapp to have relevant materials in the Frankfurt City Library copied for him. Rattermann's letter to Korner, Oct. Their correspondence during and reveals Rattermann's selfless dedication to the preparation and publication of Korner 's book. In another letter written years later to Rev. Rattermann ultimately used this material himself in the "Dichter-Album" album of poets , a special sec- tion in volumes X-XII of his collected works on German-American poets.

Rattermann's Schriften" section R. This is a complete list of Rattermann's works, compiled by Rattermann himself. It provides a chrono- logical survey of everything he published or edited through , including minor writings and contributions to other works. AQ In "Aus H. Rattermann's letter to Korner, Jan. Rattermann's letter to Kbrner, Jan. Rattermann's letter to Henry von Wackerbarth, May 12, letter press copybook R. Elsenheimer, March 9, letter press copybook R. CO Rattermann's letter to Rev. Private libraries often re- flect the collector's special or antiquarian interest.

When brought together in one repository these special collections can help produce a research cen- ter of breadth and diversity. Jean Major clearly demonstrated this point in a recent publication that listed and described over one hundred and fifty col- lections acquired by the University of Illinois Library. Among the private collections acquired by the Library was that of Heinrich A. Rattermann of Cincinnati, Ohio. Heinrich Rattermann 's library contained about seven thousand volumes as well as pamphlets and manuscripts.

It reflected the interests of the collec- tor and especially his preoccupation with the German impact on American de- velopment and history, and with books on travel and emigration to both North and South America. Rattermann, as editor of Per Deutsche Pionier and the Deutsch-Amerikanisches Magazin, was vitally interested in these subjects. He spent many years researching and writing biography and history, soliciting historical aritcles, collecting books and manuscripts, and editing.

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The pur- chase of his library brought an extensive body of German-Americana to the University of Illinois Library. Professor Julius Goebel figured importantly in the acquisition of the Rattermann Collection. Heinrich Rattermann had contributed to this journal, which may be considered the descendant of his Per Deutsche Pionier and the Deutsch- Amerikanisches Magazin, and he knew and respected Goebel 's scholarship. This regard as well as Rattermann's advanced blindness and nearly complete loss of hearing prompted the sale of the collection to the University of Illinois Li- brary.

Upon the arrival of the collection at the University of Illinois Library, the books were accessioned and cataloged a separate card catalog for the col- lection is in the Rare Book Room. In addition, there is Rattermann's own incomplete catalog of his library, and the handwritten catalog made by Katherine Rattermann at the time of the sale of the collection.

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Both the latter cata- log and the library's accession books contain only brief bibliographic inform- ation. Within a few years of the Rattermann purchase, the Library acquired several other German-related collections, leading to an unfortunate confu- sion and some intermixing of the manuscripts in the collections. However, it was possible to identify many of the items in the Rattermann library, espe- 19 daily by using Katharine Rattermann's catalog and notes made by those who viewed the collection at an early date. The Rattermann library contained one incunabulum.

The incunabulum was titled Reformation der Stadt Num- ber g and was published in that city in Among the more valuable works specifically noted by early viewers of the library were a compilation of Gio- vanini Boccaccio's works titled Cento Novella by Siegmund Feyerabend; Giovanni Remusio's Delle Navigation! These titles are but a few of the several thousand in Rattermann's library and illustrate some of the rare items it contained. The majority of the books were works by or about German or German- American authors, and dealt primarily with travel and geo- graphy, biography, American and European history, the history of German-Ameri- can organizations, religious groups, education, and the German language.

• Losing Grip.
• Reverend Pain 5 - Die Stunde des Werwolfs (German Edition);
• The Compass (The Skye Chronicles Book 1)!

Rattermann's books were dispersed throughout the University Library's stack areas, as were his manuscripts. In , while searching various stor- age rooms, safes, and restricted stack areas, this writer turned up several manuscript "finds," among which were a number of Heinrich A. These discoveries impelled this writer to attempt to "rebuild" the Rattermann Manuscript Collection beginning with the two main bodies of Ratter- mann manuscripts in the library one in the Rare Book Room and the other in the Illinois Historical Survey Library.

Eventually, Rattermann's manuscripts were found in about ten different locations and under at least fifty different classification numbers. Beginning in late , the papers were gathered in- to the Illinois Historical Survey Library for proper archival processing to make them available for scholarly research. The impossibility of re-establishing the original content and order of a diverse body of manuscripts for which only the briefest references could be found is apparent.

Katherine Rattermann's catalog provided some informa- tion about the provenance of several groups of manuscripts and about their original order. The arrangement of Rattermann's papers presented in this guide follows, as much as is possible after a half century, the basic archiv- al principles of provenance and respect des fond. Throughout the rebuilding work, the problem of identifying specific items as originally in the Rattermann library has been difficult.

In general, all the materials included in this guide have been identified as manuscripts which had been in Rattermann's library. They were 1 items obviously belong- ing to the collection, e. Rattermann's correspondence or papers of his con- temporaries; 2 marked with a Rattermann Collection bookplate or label; 3 listed in the Rattermann Collection Card Catalog located in the Rare Book 20 Room ; or 4 listed in either Heinrich or Katherine Rattermann's catalogs.

An additional check was necessary for items falling into the second or third category, as several manuscript items had been labeled as part of the collec- tion that actually belonged to other Germanic collections. Doubtful or ques- tionable materials were checked in sale catalogs, guides, and accession books to determine whether they had belonged to another body of manuscripts. The result was the elimination of many items and the inclusion of only a very small number of doubtful groups, and these are found only in the Additional Collections. Rattermann's poetry, which was essentially an amorphous mass of several hundred sheets of handwritten drafts, posed a special problem.

Most of these poems when sorted were arranged according to the order estab- lished in Rattermann's published works. During the initial sorting, however, this writer identified several very early drafts including both bound vol- umes and loose sheets of the unpublished volumes of Rattermann's poetry. The problem of arranging these was solved by the discovery of two draft tab- les of contents. This lucky find provided the basis for their arrangement. This reassembling of Rattermann's manuscripts has produced new insights into his cultural associations and interests.

The correspondence, which is the largest series in the collection, contains the names of many prominent German-Americans of the period from the Civil War to World War I. The num- ber of correspondents far exceeds five hundred persons. Among those repre- sented by over fifty items of correspondence are Heinrich H. A few of the many other important correspondents are Carl Barus, William H. The signatures and letter- heads in the correspondence section indicate the cultural and scholarly organ- izations with which Rattermann had contact. The number is large and includes school, teacher, and educational training associations; state and local his- torical societies, especially pioneer associations; choral groups; literary associations; libraries; newspapers; and publishers.

While a portion of the correspondence concerns routine matters regarding Per Deutsche Pionier, fami- ly affairs, and book orders, a significant amount relates to writing history and biography; the solicitation of biographical and historical information; the promotion of and participation in musical programs; the investigation of the German impact on America; and the advocacy of German language instruction in American schools.

Rattermann's literary works illustrate the breadth of his interests. There are numerous addresses and essays on such diverse topics as history, biography, art, music, poets, poetry, acting, and music. Rattermann read most of his lectures at the Literary Club of Cincinnati or the German Liter- ary Club of Cincinnati; he wrote and delivered many of them after his editor- ial career ceased. He wrote the biographical sketches in the collection ei- ther for his journals or for his Gesammelte Werke.

Rattermann's poetry, pub- lished in his Gesammelte Werke, comprises five of the thirteen volumes; two volumes of poetry were not published. Among the manuscripts in the collec- tion are four volumes and sixty-three folders of drafts of his poetry. Sev- eral of these contain the drafts of poems planned for the two unpublished volumes. Rattermann's musical interests are illustrated in the manuscript collec- 21 tion by such items as librettos, an opera score, a director's stage book, sheets of music, the records and song books of the Cincinnati Liedertafel, a record book of the Erster Deutscher Sangerbund von Nordamerika, and a col- lection of German folk songs.

Rattermann translated and rearranged several of the opera librettos; he not only sang and directed choral music, but he also managed or directed operatic performances by the Cincinnati Orpheus and the Cincinnati Mannerchor. To a lesser degree, the collection provides evid- ence of Rattermann 's work as a lyricist and composer. Other papers shed light on the non-literary aspects of Rattermann 's life. Among these are contracts, notary public papers and receipts, tax receipts, insurance policies, and papers relative to his insurance business, including the first minute book of the Deutsche Gegenseitige Vericherung-Gesellschaf t.

Items of a personal nature include an abstract of the public record of births in Ankum, Germany; Rattermann 's certificate of citizenship; a voter registra- tion certificate; and papers concerning a patent for pitching beer casks. Numerous bills and reciepts identify the many organizations to which Ratter- mann belonged at one time or another, and there are extensive lists and bills for the books he ordered for his library.

In addition, a personal account book and personal tax and bank records indicate his business activities in such varied matters as the sale of land, the administration of estates, and his work as a notary public. The reassembling of these manuscripts provided a deeper insight into Rattermann 's numerous personal interests and activities; it also made clear the extent to which he collected manuscripts.

These materials emanated from German or German-American individuals and organizations. Rattermann f s posses- sion of these additional manuscript collections resulted partly from the per- sonal scholarly interests of an enthusiastic bibliophile and partly from a sense of responsibility, as an editor and author, to study and write history as far as possible from primary sources.

These manuscripts are identified in this guide as Additional Collections. Several of these collections relate to early American history. Dohrman was a Dutch businessman who operated a trading house in Lisbon. In that capacity he sold munitions to American privateers and assisted stranded American seamen. Because of these activities, the British eventually forced the Portuguese to banish him. Between and , Dohrman assisted the United States government in obtaining several loans from European governments. When Dohrman died in , he was heavily in debt; because of his service to the nation, Congress voted a pension to provide for his wife.

While most of this collection concerns Dohrman 's bus- iness and financial affairs after , there are several items that indicate his activity in the Revolution. These include documents testifying to his service during the war and several receipts that bear upon business trans- actions with Americans. Other important items include his citizenship papers and a previously unpublished letter from James Madison, dated March 4, One unusual collection consists of twenty-one commissary receipts of the Convention Army.

These documents bear the names of the different units of Burgoyne's Army while in American captivity. These collections contain papers and testimony relative to the principal's service in the American Revolutionary Army; the men were at- 22 tempting to acquire pensions under the Pension Act of Throughout the Rattermann manuscripts are materials about the migration of Germans to America.

One of the more interesting is the travel journal of Gustav Zipper len. It was written after his arrival in the United States in the form of a letter to his family. In it he presented his impression of the long voyage to America, of the different types of food and travel in America, and of what might be called "packaged trips" for immigrants. Another inter- esting, though small collection, concerns Gottfried Kinkel and August von Willich. Both men eventually migrated to America after the failure of the Revolution of The papers in this collection relate to their activities in the Deutsche Nationale Anleihe, an organization for promoting German uni- ty and republicanism.

The largest of the additional collections concerned with American affairs are the Henry Roedter Collection and the Augustus Moor Collection. Roedter, who was born in Germany in , came to America in to escape arrest warrants issued because of his libertarian activities. He settled in Ohio where he studied law and worked on several newspapers. He was most closely associated with Cincinnati Volksblatt.

In addition, he was elected to several local and state offices as a member of the Democratic Party; and he was one of the founding members of the Democratic Society of German-Americans in Hamilton County, Ohio. The collection contains over two hundred letters that relate in part to political and newspaper affairs in Ohio. The bulk of these letters fall in the turbulent era of national politics following the Mexican War. They contain evidence of Roedter 's various activities and Rattermann used them in his biographical article on Roedter.

The largest single manuscript group in the additional collections is the Augustus Moor Collection. Moor, who had received a military education in Germany, came to the United States in While there are papers about his personal and business affairs, the greater portion of the collection is com- posed of Moor's military papers. He served his adopted country as an officer in three wars: The col- lection contains few items from the first two conflicts. It was commanded by Colonel Charles Brough and operated in Northern Mexico and in the campaign which led to the capture of Mexico City.

Moor organized Company A of the regiment. The muster book lists all members of the regiment by unit and rank and their date of enlistment; it also provides information about each soldier's age, physical features, place of birth, and occupation. From this record, we know that Augustus Moor was thirty- three years old when he enlisted, that he had gray eyes, brown hair, "fresh" complexion, and was five feet nine and three quarter inches tall. We also know that he was born in Leipzig in Saxony, that he was enlisted by himself on May 10, , and that he was elected to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on September 10, The book also indicates that of the more than eighty men mustered into his company, all but four were foreign born, with the vast majority naming vari- ous German states as their place of birth.

Most of Moor's papers concern his commands in the Civil War. These pap- ers include orders, official correspondence, telegrams, different types of reports and returns, rosters, casualty reports, and personnel papers. Also 23 included are the muster book of the 28th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, several letter or order books, and over thirty captured Confederate documents.

A- mong the large number of relatively mundane military papers , there are sev- eral items which relate to battles and campaigns in which Moor's regiment and his various brigade commands participated. Rattermann's numerous literary and cultural associations and interests can be traced in part through the several Additional Collections that consist of records of organizations or groups to which he belonged.

These include a minute book of the German Literary Club of Cincinnati, ; a letter book and a minute book of the Erster Deutsches Sangerbund von Nordamerika, ; account and song books of the Cincinnati Liedertafel, n. Several of the additional manuscripts do not concern German activities in America. The majority of these relate to German school affairs in the eighteenth century. The most interesting of these non-American manuscripts is a two-volume chronicle of the city of Augsburg compiled between and Another unusual group is a collection of early eighteenth century Ger- man folk songs. Rattermann Manuscripts Collection thus comprises a body of useful source materials on Rattermann's life, interests, and activities; on the editing of his journals; on German cultural and political activities in America; and on the German impact on America.

In addition the Collection contains other groups of papers and correspondence which provide information on many other German- American figures, especially authors, poets, and historians. This guide to the papers of Heinrich A. Rattermann is a long-needed re- search tool. It will shed light on the activities of an editor of an impor- tant biographical and historical journal who contributed to the diverse ethnic culture of his adopted homeland, and it will materially enhance the study of German-American history.

The rediscovery and reassembling of this collection has been a fascinating venture. Rattermann are the largest of the four groups in the Heinrich A. These papers include Rattermann's correspondence; literary and musical works; business, financial, and legal papers; scrapbooks; and other papers. The correspondence has been divided into three parts. I , "Incoming Correspondence," contains letters sent to Rattermann; they are arranged by author in alphabetical order. The second part R.

The last section R. The family correspondence includes letters to or between members of his family not expressly addressed to Rattermann himself. A list of each type is provided. The "Literary Works" section contains drafts of Rattermann's numerous writings. The first part R. If the title is unknown, a brief note describes the content. The "Biographical Sketches" R. The "Poetry" section R.

A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Opera

The materials in the next section R. Among the "Music Related Materials" R. Most of these manuscript volumes are in Rattermann's handwriting and were translated or 25 revised by him. Others represent works that were performed by organizations of which he was a member. These works are arranged by the name of the com- poser and then by title. Wherever possible the year of the opera's perform- ance and the name of the organization which presented it are given.

The next section R. The last part of Rattermann's papers R. In using this guide, expecially the first section, the reader should be aware of numerous decisions concerning format. The following paragraphs ex- plain the most important of these. For all important groups and divisions in the guide, the objective has been to provide item control. All divisions which contain correspondence except General Moor's military correspondence include dates of the individual items. The guide lists all essays, addresses, and bio- graphical sketches individually, and provides a table of contents for all volumes of multiple and diverse materials.

The guide identifies and locates all significant documents and works, and so gives the researcher the most extensive information about the contents short of a calendar. In order to provide the fullest name possible, the names of cor- respondents and authors have been checked in directories, histories, organi- zation membership lists, other guides and indexes, and in bibliographies. If more than one spelling of a person's name occurs, the guide adopts the spel- ling most frequently used by the author or writer; alternative spellings in parentheses follow the first.

When doubt exists as to the spelling of a name, either Rattermann's spelling or that of a reference source is used. When Rattermann's spelling of a name varies from the reference or the author's, his variation appears in parentheses. If there is a doubt as to spelling independent of variation, a question mark in parentheses follows the name, part of name, or initial. We use "operation-essential" cookies , which allow information to be retained on your computer, so that we do not need to store it in our database.

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