Poika (Finnish Edition)
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The land of Death and is held prisoner. Ilmarinen learns of this and resolves to go to Pohjola himself to woo the maiden. The Maiden of the North chooses Ilmarinen. Songs 19 to Ilmarinen is assigned dangerous unreasonable tasks in order to win the hand of the Maiden of the North. He accomplishes these tasks with some help from the maiden herself. In preparation for the wedding beer is brewed, a giant steer is slaughtered and invitations are sent out.
The wedding party begins and all are happy. The bride and bridegroom are prepared for their roles in matrimony. The couple arrive home and are greeted with drink and viands.
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Songs 26 to On his arrival he is challenged to and wins a duel with Sariola, the Master of the North. She advises him to head to the Island of Refuge. On his return he finds his house burned to the ground. When he arrives home he is reunited with his mother and vows to build larger better houses to replace the ones burned down. Untamo sees the boy as a threat, and after trying to have him killed several times without success, sells Kullervo as a slave to Ilmarinen. Ilmarinen's wife torments and bullies Kullervo, so he tricks her into being torn apart by a pack of wolves and bears.
Kullervo escapes from Ilmarinen's homestead and learns from an old lady in the forest that his family is still alive, and is soon reunited with them. While returning home from paying taxes, he meets and seduces a young maiden, only to find out that she is his sister. She kills herself and Kullervo returns home distressed. He decides to wreak revenge upon Untamo and sets out to find him.
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Kullervo wages war on Untamo and his people, laying all to waste, and then returns home, where he finds his farm deserted. Filled with remorse and regret, he kills himself in the place where he seduced his sister. Grieving for his lost love, Ilmarinen forges himself a wife out of gold and silver, but finds her to be cold and discards her. He heads for Pohjola and kidnaps the youngest daughter of Louhi. She is outraged and insults him badly so he sings magic and turns her into a bird.
While on their journey they kill a monstrous pike and from its jaw bone the first kantele is made. The heroes arrive in Pohjola and demand a share of the Sampo's wealth or they will take the whole Sampo by force. The Sampo is taken from its vault of stone and the heroes set out for home. Louhi conjures a great army, turns herself into an eagle and fights for the Sampo.
In the battle the Sampo is lost to the sea and destroyed. Enraged at the loss of the Sampo, Louhi sends the people of Kalevala diseases and a great bear to kill their cattle. She hides the sun and the moon and steals fire from Kalevala. The shy young virgin Marjatta becomes impregnated from a lingonberry she ate while tending to her flock. She begets a son. The child is then baptised King of Karelia.
He is born of Ilmatar and contributes to the creation of Earth as it is today. Many of his travels resemble shamanistic journeys, most notably one where he visits the belly of a ground-giant, Antero Vipunen , to find the songs of boat building. One of his potential brides, Joukahainen's sister Aino, drowns herself instead of marrying him. He is the leading member of the group which steals the Sampo from the people of Pohjola. He crafted the dome of the sky , the Sampo and various other magical devices featured in The Kalevala. Ilmarinen is the second member of the group who steal the Sampo.
He shares a very close relationship with his mother, who revives him after he has been drowned in the river of Tuonela while pursuing the object of his romantic desires. This section of The Kalevala echoes the myth of Osiris. Old man is the god of sky and thunder, and the leading deity mentioned within The Kalevala. He corresponds to Thor and Zeus. John Martin Crawford wrote that the name may be related to the obsolete Hungarian word for an old man agg. Louhi , the Mistress of the North, is the shamanistic matriarch of the people of Pohjola , a people rivalling those of Kalevala.
She is the cause of much trouble for Kalevala and its people. She has many daughters whom the heroes of Kalevala make many attempts, some successful, to seduce. Louhi plays a major part in the battle to prevent the heroes of Kalevala from stealing back the Sampo, which as a result is ultimately destroyed. Kullervo is the vengeful, mentally ill, tragic son of Kalervo. He was abused as a child and sold into slavery to Ilmarinen. He is put to work and treated badly by Ilmarinen's wife, whom he later kills. Kullervo is a misguided and troubled youth, at odds with himself and his situation.
He often goes into berserk rage and in the end commits suicide. Marjatta is the young virgin of Kalevala. She becomes pregnant from eating a lingonberry. When her labour begins she is expelled from her parents' home and leaves to find a place where she can sauna and give birth. She is turned away from numerous places but finally finds a place in the forest and gives birth to a son. Marjatta's nature, impregnation and searching for a place to give birth are in allegory to the Virgin Mary and the Christianisation of Finland. The Kalevala is a major part of Finnish culture and history.
It has affected the arts in Finland and in other cultures around the world.
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The influence of The Kalevala in daily life and business in Finland is tangible. Names and places associated with The Kalevala have been adopted as company and brand names and even as place names. There are several places within Finland with Kalevala -related names, for example: In addition the Russian town of Ukhta was in renamed Kalevala.
In the United States a small community founded in by Finnish immigrants is named Kaleva, Michigan ; many of the street names are taken from the Kalevala. The banking sector of Finland has had at least three Kalevala -related brands: Sampo name changed to Danske Bank in late , Pohjola and Tapiola. The jewellery company Kalevala Koru was founded in on the th anniversary of the publication of the Old Kalevala. It specialises in the production of unique and culturally important items of jewellery.
It is co-owned by the Kalevala Women's League and offers artistic scholarships to a certain number of organisations and individuals every year. The Finnish dairy company Valio has a brand of ice-cream named Aino , specialising in more exotic flavours than their normal brand. They now operate internationally. Several of the names in The Kalevala are also celebrated as Finnish name days. The name days themselves and the dates they fall upon have no direct relationship with The Kalevala itself; however, the adoption of the names became commonplace after the release of The Kalevala.
Several artists have been influenced by the Kalevala , most notably Akseli Gallen-Kallela who has painted many pieces relating to the Kalevala. Iittala group's Arabia brand kilned a series of Kalevala commemorative plates, designed by the late Raija Uosikkinen — The series ran from to and are highly sought after collectables. One of the earliest artists to depict a scene from the Kalevala is Robert Wilhelm Ekman. A collaboration between Sunish Chabba and Ishan Trivedi , this project was crowdfunded on Kickstarter. The Kalevala has been translated over one-hundred and fifty times into over sixty different languages.
Finnish cartoonist Kristian Huitula illustrated the comic book adaptation of the Kalevala. The Kalevala Graphic Novel contains the storyline of all the 50 chapters in original text form. The story is that of The Kalevala with the characters presented as anthropomorphised dogs, wolves and cats. The story deviates from the full Kalevala , presumably, to make the story more appropriate for children. Franz Anton Schiefner's translation of the Kalevala was one inspiration for Longfellow 's poem The Song of Hiawatha , which is written in a similar trochaic tetrameter.
Tolkien claimed The Kalevala as one of his sources for The Silmarillion. American science fiction and fantasy authors L. This is the fourth story in the authors' Harold Shea series, in which the hero and his companions visit various mythic and fictional worlds. In this story, the characters visit the world of the Kalevala, where they encounter characters from the epic drawn with a skeptical eye. Emil Petaja was an American science fiction and fantasy author of Finnish descent. His best known works, known as the Otava Series , make up a series of novels based on The Kalevala.
The series brought Petaja readers from around the world, while his mythological approach to science fiction was discussed in scholarly papers presented at academic conferences.
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The historical work The White Death: Chew has quotes from the Kalevala on chapter headings. Music is the area which has the richest influence from the Kalevala , which is apt considering the way that the folk poetry and songs were originally performed. The first recorded example of a musician influenced by the Kalevala is Filip von Schantz. In , he composed the Kullervo Overture.
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Von Schantz's work was followed by Robert Kajanus ' Kullervo's death and the symphonic poem Aino in and respectively. Aino is credited with inspiring Jean Sibelius to investigate the richness of the Kalevala. Jean Sibelius is the best-known Kalevala -influenced classical composer. Twelve of Sibelius' best-known works are based upon or influenced by the Kalevala , including his Kullervo , a tone poem for soprano, baritone, chorus and orchestra composed in The march features the line Me nousemme kostona Kullervon "We shall rise in vengeance like that of Kullervo's".
A number of folk metal bands have drawn on the Kalevala heavily for inspiration. In the Finnish bands Amorphis and Sentenced released two concept albums , Tales from the Thousand Lakes and North from Here respectively, which were the first of many that have been Kalevala -themed. It is an instrumental piece following the rhythm of the Kalevala metre. Tuonela, Tuoni, Manala and Mana are used synonymously. This place is best known for its appearance in the Finnish national epic Kalevala , on which many of our new songs are based.
These were some of the first pieces of modern music inspired by the Kalevala. In , Ruth MacKenzie recorded the album Kalevala: MacKenzie has continued to perform the piece live. Their Kalevala -themed third album, Marian virsi , combines contemporary folk with traditionally performed folk poetry. In , the Finnish progressive rock quarterly Colossus and French Musea Records commissioned 30 progressive rock groups from around the world to compose songs based on parts of the Kalevala. The publication assigned each band with a particular song from the Kalevala , which the band was free to interpret as they saw fit.
The result, titled simply Kalevala , is a three-disc, multilingual, four-hour epic telling the entirety of the Kalevala.
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