La manière de bien traduire dune langue en aultre (French Edition)

Notes Microfiche positive of the Paris ed. View online Borrow Buy. Set up My libraries How do I set up "My libraries"? This single location in All: This single location in New South Wales: None of your libraries hold this item.

Found at these bookshops Searching - please wait We were unable to find this edition in any bookshop we are able to search. These online bookshops told us they have this item: The translator must be faithful and level-headed, and if possible count out the words and give the same number back, not more, of the same manner, quality and condition and meaning as there are in the original. And if someone were able to translate Virgil into French verse, sentence for sentence and word for word,: For how could a Translator discharge his duty better than by sticking as closely as possible to the Author to whom he has subjected himself?

And imagine how splendid it would be to see one Language echo all the elegance of the other and still retain its own. But, as I said, that is impossible. Mais, comme j'ai dit, il ne se peut faire.

But as for elocution, I do not believe it can be learned from translators, because it is impossible to render [an eloquent text] with the same elegance that the original author brought to it: Mais quant a l'eloquution If their expressive and stylistic resources could be moulded after the models of perfection that were the Classical tongues, they too would eventually reach perfection. One way of addressing this perceived inferiority was to translate literally from Latin into the vernacular, in the hope that a word-for-word calque would allow the superior linguistic and rhetorical resources of the original to be carried over into the lower-status language.

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In this spirit translators like the German Nicolaus von Wyle Translatzen, and, in the early sixteenth-century, the Frenchman Claude de Seyssel recommended, and practised, literal translation from the Latin, forcing German resp. French to accommodate Latin word order, idiom and rhetorical devices.

Dolet disapproved of this practice. He criticised a literal translation of Cicero by Guillaume Michel de Tours, published in , when he brought out his own version in The practice of literal calquing to the point of ignoring native idiom may seem extreme, but it is explained by the high prestige of Latin compared with vernacular languages, and by the sense that the vernacular would improve by imitating the high-prestige language. In some cases the practice left its mark; quite a number of phrases in the English King James Bible are direct calques from the Hebrew.

Humanism Strong opposition to these literalist modes of translating came from Humanist circles. Renaissance Humanism is far too big a topic to treat in a couple of lines Kraye offers an introduction. Let it suffice here to say that we may perhaps regard Humanism as the intellectual vanguard of the Renaissance. It is in this context of textual comparison and criticism that the modern discipline of philology emerged.

Humanist learning sometimes had an oppositional edge. Even more daring was the application of philological acumen to the Bible. Valla criticized the Vulgate text of the New Testament, comparing it with the original Greek and finding it wanting. The title of the critique is significant: As regards the Humanist view of translation, two key points need to be highlighted.

First, there is the emphasis on the primacy of the original.

For a Humanist a translation can be a help to return to the source text, but it cannot really replace that source. Nowhere is the primacy of the original so dramatically evident as in the case of the Bible. Johannes Reuchlin learned Hebrew in order to translate the Psalms. The footnotes cover the page: Any translation will be no more than a provisional construct, the sanctity of the original remains inviolate. They too are written with the utmost respect for the original. Secondly, Humanism contains elements that obviously militate against literalism.

The rediscovery of Classical rhetoric as well as grammar brought with it a marked appreciation of style and the arrangement of language into harmonious and persuasive discourse. In this context translation becomes a demanding stylistic task requiring total and sovereign command of both languages involved, and the importance of doing justice to style becomes a central issue.

Even in the writings on 7 translation of such early Humanists like Coluccio Salutati and Leonardo Bruni both in Robinson this high calling is already evident. Salutati and Bruni were writing in Latin about translating from Greek into Latin. In the work of a translator like Jacques Amyot , perhaps the most famous sixteenth-century French translator, a learned bishop who had excellent Latin and Greek but translated into his native French as well as into Latin, we see the Humanist ideas spilling over from the Humanist world to that of the vernacular: Dolet, we will see, does exactly the same.

This then is the best way to translate: Let me illustrate the Humanist idea of rhetoric and style, and what they mean for translation, by means of a miniature example, a few lines from a preface by the Cambridge Humanist John Christopherson died , whose Latin translation of Eusebius appeared posthumously in The preface is itself a fine piece of rhetoric, with some carefully modulated phrases and repetitions: As I fix the sight of my mind intently on the translation of the Greek, four things in particular seem to be required: The first is usually held to be relevant for fidelity, the second for delight, the third for the judgment of the ears, the fourth for the understanding Primum ad fidem, secundum ad delectationem, tertium ad aurium judicium, quartum ad intelligentiam solet accomodari.

For who will believe it is the meaning is suspect? Who will take pleasure in reading if the speech is rude and unpolished? Whose ears will not be disgusted if the speech is badly connected and disordered? Whom will it not deter if it seems obscure and overcome by darkness? In itself, this move is not unusual at this time. It happens in other spheres, too.

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