Climate Change: The Ipcc Response Strategies

This change in emphasis appears to be the result of a summary process in which scientists work with policy makers on the document. Written responses from U. Global warming projections from AR4 [60] are shown below. The projections apply to the end of the 21st century —99 , relative to temperatures at the end of the 20th century — These reviews are generally supportive of AR4's conclusions.

Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for—and in many cases is already affecting—a broad range of human and natural systems [ emphasis in original text ]. Global Change Research Program [ Two errors include the melting of Himalayan glaciers see later section , and Dutch land area that is below sea level. Projected changes in global mean surface temperature and sea level are given in the main RCP article.

Both Special Reports were requested by governments. The SRES scenarios are "baseline" or "reference" scenarios, which means that they do not take into account any current or future measures to limit greenhouse gas GHG emissions e. There have been a number of comments on the SRES. At the same time, there have been criticisms of the SRES. The most prominently publicized criticism of SRES focused on the fact that all but one of the participating models compared gross domestic product GDP across regions using market exchange rates MER , instead of the more correct purchasing-power parity PPP approach.

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Wikipedia.
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This report assesses existing literature on renewable energy commercialisation for the mitigation of climate change. It was published in and covers the six most important renewable energy technologies, as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It also takes into consideration the environmental and social consequences associated with these technologies, the cost and strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion.

The full report in PDF form is found here. The report was published in It assesses the effect that climate change has on the threat of natural disasters and how nations can better manage an expected change in the frequency of occurrence and intensity of severe weather patterns. It aims to become a resource for decision-makers to prepare more effectively for managing the risks of these events.

A potentially important area for consideration is also the detection of trends in extreme events and the attribution of these trends to human influence. The full report, pages in length, may be found here in PDF form.

More than 80 authors, 19 review editors, and more than contributing authors from all over the world contributed to the preparation of SREX. The Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Investories provide the methodological basis for the estimation of national greenhouse gas emissions inventories.

The guidelines and the two good practice reports are to be used by parties to the UNFCCC and to the Kyoto Protocol in their annual submissions of national greenhouse gas inventories. The IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is the latest version of these emission estimation methodologies, including a large number of default emission factors.

Its full title is "Global Warming of 1. The finished report summarizes the findings of scientists, showing that maintaining a temperature rise to below 1. Meeting the Paris target of 1. In order to achieve the 1. Deep reductions in non-CO2 emissions such as nitrous oxide and methane will also be required to limit warming to 1. Under the pledges of the countries entering the Paris Accord, a sharp rise of 3.

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Holding this rise to 1. However, a warming of even 1. Effects will be most drastic in arid regions including the Middle East and the Sahel in Africa, where fresh water will remain in some areas following a 1. This involves publishing default emission factors , which are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on. In December , the IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change".

The award is shared with Former U. There is widespread support for the IPCC in the scientific community , which is reflected in publications by other scientific bodies [41] [62] [72] and experts. Since the IPCC has come under yet unparalleled public and political scrutiny. A paragraph in the Working Group II report "Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability" , chapter 10 included a projection that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by This projection was not included in the final summary for policymakers. The IPCC has since acknowledged that the date is incorrect, while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust.

They expressed regret for "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance". Pachauri responded in an interview with Science. Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson said, regarding the Himalayan glaciers estimation, "The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact. The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened". The third assessment report TAR prominently featured [] a graph labeled "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based on a paper by Michael E.

Mann , Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes MBH99 , which has been referred to as the " hockey stick graph ". This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3. The schematic was not an actual plot of data, and was based on a diagram of temperatures in central England, with temperatures increased on the basis of documentary evidence of Medieval vineyards in England. Even with this increase, the maximum it showed for the Medieval Warm Period did not reach temperatures recorded in central England in The Jones et al.

Catalog Record: Climate change : the IPCC response strategies | Hathi Trust Digital Library

These studies were widely presented as demonstrating that the current warming period is exceptional in comparison to temperatures between and , and the MBH99 based graph featured in publicity. Even at the draft stage, this finding was disputed by contrarians: Contrarian John Lawrence Daly featured a modified version of the IPCC schematic, which he mis-identified as appearing in the IPCC report, and argued that "Overturning its own previous view in the report, the IPCC presented the 'Hockey Stick' as the new orthodoxy with hardly an apology or explanation for the abrupt U-turn since its report".

On 23 June , Rep. Joe Barton , chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield , chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations demanding full records on climate research, as well as personal information about their finances and careers, from Mann, Bradley and Hughes. National Academy of Sciences arranged for its National Research Council to set up a special investigation. In a letter to Nature , Mann, Bradley, and Hughes pointed out that their original article had said that "more widespread high-resolution data are needed before more confident conclusions can be reached" and that the uncertainties were "the point of the article".

Ten of these 14 reconstructions covered 1, years or longer. Most reconstructions shared some data series, particularly tree ring data, but newer reconstructions used additional data and covered a wider area, using a variety of statistical methods. The section discussed the divergence problem affecting certain tree ring data. Some critics have contended that the IPCC reports tend to be conservative by consistently underestimating the pace and impacts of global warming, [] and report only the "lowest common denominator" findings.

On 1 February , the eve of the publication of IPCC's major report on climate, a study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in Over the six years studied, the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's projection, and the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection.

Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels. When the researchers' analysis was "applied to the possible scenarios outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC , the researchers found that in sea levels would be 0.

This may have been due, in part, to the expanding human understanding of climate. In reporting criticism by some scientists that IPCC's then-impending January report understates certain risks, particularly sea level rises, an AP story quoted Stefan Rahmstorf , professor of physics and oceanography at Potsdam University as saying "In a way, it is one of the strengths of the IPCC to be very conservative and cautious and not overstate any climate change risk".

SCENARIO PROCESS FOR AR5

In his December book, Hell and High Water: Global Warming , and in an interview on Fox News on 31 January , energy expert Joseph Romm noted that the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report is already out of date and omits recent observations and factors contributing to global warming, such as the release of greenhouse gases from thawing tundra. The memo led to strong Bush administration lobbying, evidently at the behest of ExxonMobil, to oust Robert Watson , a climate scientist, from the IPCC chairmanship, and to have him replaced by Pachauri, who was seen at the time as more mild-mannered and industry-friendly.

Michael Oppenheimer , a long-time participant in the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine 's State of the Planet — some limitations of the IPCC consensus approach and asks for concurring, smaller assessments of special problems instead of the large scale approach as in the previous IPCC assessment reports. The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success has been compared with dealings with other environmental challenges compare Ozone depletion and global warming.

In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol failed. According to Sheldon Ungar's comparison with global warming, the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties. Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release.

In principle, this means that any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included. In an area of science where our scientific understanding is rapidly changing, this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science. Deadlines for the Working Group I report were adjusted during the drafting and review process in order to ensure that reviewers had access to unpublished material being cited by the authors.

Catalog Record: Climate change : the IPCC response strategies | Hathi Trust Digital Library

The final deadline for cited publications was 24 July Rajendra Pachauri , the IPCC chair, admitted at the launch of this report that since the IPCC began work on it, scientists have recorded "much stronger trends in climate change", like the unforeseen dramatic melting of polar ice in the summer of , [] and added, "that means you better start with intervention much earlier".

Scientists who participate in the IPCC assessment process do so without any compensation other than the normal salaries they receive from their home institutions. See My collections to name and share your collection Back to search results to find more content to tag. Content is displayed as last posted by a PreventionWeb community member or editor. See our terms of use. Log in or Register.

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