Muslims In Australia: The Dynamics of Exclusion & Inclusion
Muslims in Australia are from a range of cultural and language groups.
ISS 6 Muslims In Australia
In spite of their long presence in Australia, research on this population is a recent development. The information that is emerging indicates that, in general, acculturation process is not problematic for the majority of Muslims. Most of them integrate well and report a blended identity. They value Australian institutions and contribute to the society in all spheres of life. However, acculturative stress has also emerged in the form of language barriers, employment challenges, financial disadvantages, and marginalization.
These challenges have been associated with widespread negativity toward Muslims as a result of domestic and international terrorist attacks.
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Further, an adverse portrayal of Muslims in the media has contributed to the development of prejudices and Islamophobia among non-Muslim Australians, leading to discrimination and strained relations between the two groups. Although there is an ongoing attempt to repair relations between Muslims and the larger society in Australia, more effective strategies are required. Suggestions for stakeholders are discussed.
Australia is one of the most multicultural societies in the world.
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The Australian population comprises of people from language and cultural groups Australian Bureau of Statistics, a. A number of ethnic groups, which contribute to that vast diversity, identify as Muslims. Muslims in Australia are in the minority, based both on religion and ethnic origins. Although Muslims have been living in Australia for centuries, the country has seen a rapid increase in the population of this group during the last three decades Pratt, These Muslims, like all other immigrants, go through an adjustment and acculturation process.
These biases have at times strained the relations between the Muslims and the general population, and have made the acculturation process more challenging.
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In the following sections, studies with Muslims in Australia are reviewed with reference to their acculturation experiences. Suggestions that can be incorporated to facilitate their acculturation process are discussed. Most of this information is inferred through other studies focussing on the experiences and challenges of Muslims in Australia.
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Historical records indicate that Muslims first sailed to the Australian continent in 17 th century Saeed, There is also evidence of some Muslims entering Australia as settlers and convicts in as early as Saeed, However, the first significant settlement of Muslims occurred in the s, when Afghan cameleers and their families migrated to Australia Yasmeen, The numbers increased slowly in the s, once the white-only policy was eradicated and immigration from non-European countries was permitted. Similarly, a series of global crises and conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, turmoil in Afghanistan, the first Gulf War, civil war in Somalia, and growing militancy in Pakistan contributed to the increased presence of Muslims in Australia Yasmeen, Of the entire Muslim population, Nearly half of the Australian-born Muslims are from Lebanese and Turkish descent, and heritage of the others is linked with a wide range of countries Yasmeen, Muslims are dispersed across all of the Australian states and territories, with the highest number settled in New South Wales and the second highest in Victoria Hassan, The Muslim population of Australia skews young: Being young, they are either in full-time education or working.
Muslim males, compared with the mainstream males, have a higher level of postgraduate qualification Hassan, The number of people who own a house is half of the national level Hassan, Elderly Muslims, when compared to average Australian seniors, have a higher rate of disability and require assistance for everyday life Hassan, All those who immigrate to a new country undergo change, referred to as acculturation.
Though it is a two-way process in theory, in reality the minority has to embrace the ways of the larger majority Berry, Integration, which is an amalgamation of original and adopted cultures and belief systems, is regarded as the favorable outcome. However, integration is affected by the ideas and perspective of the newly arrived as well as the expectations, attitudes, and behaviors of the host society.
Overall, acculturation is a complex multidimensional phenomenon, with changes occurring at numerous levels. A review of the literature indicated limited information about the acculturation, adaptation, and integration of Muslims in Australia Fozdar, To address this gap, researchers have recently started to focus on their settlement process, experiences, and challenges encountered.
Additionally, Rane and colleagues identified Australian Muslim appreciation for the educational and health care systems in Australia. Further, investigations on the values of the Muslims in Australia indicated that participants perceived their values to be aligned with universal moral and ethical values Kabir, a.
Studies exploring identity issues found that Australian Muslims reported feeling that they can be good Muslims and good Australians Woodlock, ; further, the majority of the respondents reported a bicultural identity Kabir, ; Woodlock, Muslim immigrants to Australia like to adapt, but also want to retain their original culture, language, and religious identity Poynting, As yet, there is inadequate information about Muslim engagement with mainstream Australian; however, the data emerging indicated that most of the skilled Muslim population interacted with members of the larger society Fozdar, When assessed at the individual level, reports of wellbeing appeared to be similar to that of non-immigrant Australians; at the national level, however, it appeared to be lower than Australians though still within average range; Woodlock, Acculturation is not an easy process and can precipitate psychosocial challenges for minorities and the larger majority.
Studies conducted in Australia reveal that Muslims have experienced acculturative stress. New articles by this author.
ISS 6 Muslims In Australia
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Book Information
Islam in the west women and jihad Pakistan and islam. Title Cited by Year Understanding Muslim identities: From perceived relative exclusion to inclusion S Yasmeen. Australian Journal of Social Issues 42 1 , , Australian Journal of International Affairs 53 1 , , Journal of South Asian Studies 22 s1 , , Global Responses to Terrorism 9 11 , , Australian Journal of International Affairs 67 2 , , The dynamics of exclusion and inclusion, , Journal of Transformative Education 2 2 , , The Roots of Conflict in South Asia, , After the London Bombings.
The Sydney Papers, ,