Jesus His Life And Works

First, they show that even neutral or hostile parties never evince any doubt that Jesus actually existed. Second, they present a rough picture of Jesus that is compatible with that found in the Christian sources: Archeology helps scholars better understand Jesus' social world. Jesus was a Galilean Jew, [12] born around the beginning of the 1st century, who died in 30 or 33 AD in Judea. The gospels offer several clues concerning the year of Jesus' birth.

The years of Jesus' ministry have been estimated using several different approaches. A number of approaches have been used to estimate the year of the crucifixion of Jesus. Most scholars agree that he died in 30 or 33 AD.

Series 3 - Getting to Really Know God...

The dates for Paul's conversion and ministry can be determined by analyzing the Pauline epistles and the Acts of the Apostles. Scholars have reached a limited consensus on the basics of Jesus' life. Many scholars agree that Joseph, Jesus' father, died by the time Jesus began his ministry. Joseph is not mentioned at all in the gospels during Jesus' ministry. Joseph's death would explain why in Mark 6: According to Theissen and Merz, it is common for extraordinary charismatic leaders , such as Jesus, to come into conflict with their ordinary families.

Sanders, the birth narratives in Matthew and Luke are the clearest case of invention in the Gospel narratives of Jesus' life. Both accounts have Jesus born in Bethlehem , in accordance with Jewish salvation history, and both have him growing up in Nazareth. But Sanders points that the two Gospels report completely different and irreconcilable explanations for how that happened.

Luke's account of a census in which everyone returned to their ancestral cities is not plausible. Matthew's account is more plausible, but the story reads as though it was invented to identify Jesus as like a new Moses , and the historian Josephus reports Herod the Great's brutality without ever mentioning that he massacred little boys. Sanders says that the genealogies of Jesus are based not on historical information but on the authors' desire to show that Jesus was the universal Jewish savior.

Most modern scholars consider Jesus' baptism to be a definite historical fact, along with his crucifixion. Dunn states that they "command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Most scholars hold that Jesus lived in Galilee and Judea and did not preach or study elsewhere. According to Ehrman, Jesus taught that a coming kingdom was everyone's proper focus, not anything in this life.

According to Gerd Theissen and Annette Merz, these teaching sessions include authentic teachings of Jesus, but the scenes were invented by the respective evangelists to frame these teachings, which had originally been recorded without context. First, he attributed them to the faith of those healed. Second, he connected them to end times prophecy.

Life of Jesus in the New Testament

Jesus chose twelve disciples [] the "Twelve" , evidently as an apocalyptic message. In Ehrman's view, no Christians would have invented a line from Jesus, promising rulership to the disciple who betrayed him. While others sometimes respond to Jesus with complete faith, his disciples are puzzled and doubtful. Sanders says that Jesus' mission was not about repentance , although he acknowledges that this opinion is unpopular. He argues that repentance appears as a strong theme only in Luke, that repentance was John the Baptist 's message, and that Jesus' ministry would not have been scandalous if the sinners he ate with had been repentant.

Jesus taught that an apocalyptic figure, the " Son of Man ", would soon come on clouds of glory to gather the elect, or chosen ones Mark He referred to himself as a " son of man " in the colloquial sense of "a person", but scholars do not know whether he also meant himself when he referred to the heavenly "Son of Man". The title Christ , or Messiah , indicates that Jesus' followers believed him to be the anointed heir of King David , whom some Jews expected to save Israel.

The Gospels refer to him not only as a Messiah but in the absolute form as "the Messiah" or, equivalently, "the Christ". In early Judaism, this absolute form of the title is not found, but only phrases such as "his Messiah". The tradition is ambiguous enough to leave room for debate as to whether Jesus defined his eschatological role as that of the Messiah. Sanders associates it with Jesus' prophecy that the Temple would be totally demolished.

The differences in the accounts cannot be completely reconciled, and it is impossible to know what Jesus intended, but in general the meal seems to point forward to the coming Kingdom. Jesus probably expected to be killed, and he may have hoped that God would intervene.

The Gospels say that Jesus was betrayed to the authorities by a disciple, and many scholars consider this report to be highly reliable. After Jesus' death, his followers said he rose from the dead, although exact details of their experiences are unclear. According to Sanders, the Gospel reports contradict each other, which, according to him, suggests competition among those claiming to have seen him first rather than deliberate fraud.

Michael White suggests that inconsistencies in the Gospels reflect differences in the agendas of their unknown authors. Modern research on the historical Jesus has not led to a unified picture of the historical figure, partly because of the variety of academic traditions represented by the scholars.

Jesus is seen as the founder of, in the words of Sanders, a '"renewal movement within Judaism. A disagreement in contemporary research is whether Jesus was apocalyptic. Most scholars conclude that he was an apocalyptic preacher, like John the Baptist and Paul the Apostle. In contrast, certain prominent North American scholars, such as Burton Mack and John Dominic Crossan, advocate for a non-eschatological Jesus, one who is more of a Cynic sage than an apocalyptic preacher. Since the 18th century, scholars have occasionally put forth that Jesus was a political national messiah, but the evidence for this portrait is negligible.

Likewise, the proposal that Jesus was a Zealot does not fit with the earliest strata of the Synoptic tradition. Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there.

The early life of Jesus

Modern scholars agree that Jesus was a Jew of 1st-century Palestine. The New Testament gives no description of the physical appearance of Jesus before his death—it is generally indifferent to racial appearances and does not refer to the features of the people it mentions. The Christ myth theory is the hypothesis that Jesus of Nazareth never existed; or if he did, that he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity and the accounts in the gospels.

Apart from his own disciples and followers, the Jews of Jesus' day generally rejected him as the Messiah, as do the great majority of Jews today. Christian theologians, ecumenical councils , reformers and others have written extensively about Jesus over the centuries. Christian sects and schisms have often been defined or characterized by their descriptions of Jesus.

Meanwhile, Manichaeans , Gnostics , Muslims, Baha'is, and others have found prominent places for Jesus in their religions. Jesus is the central figure of Christianity. These documents outline the key beliefs held by Christians about Jesus, including his divinity, humanity, and earthly life, and that he is the Christ and the Son of God. The New Testament states that the resurrection of Jesus is the foundation of the Christian faith 1 Corinthians Most Christians believe that Jesus was both human and the Son of God.

However, the doctrine of the Trinity is not universally accepted among Christians. Christians revere not only Jesus himself, but also his name. Devotions to the Holy Name of Jesus go back to the earliest days of Christianity. Judaism rejects the idea of Jesus being God, [42] or a mediator to God, or part of a Trinity. Judaic criticism of Jesus is long-standing. The Talmud, written and compiled from the 3rd to the 5th century AD, [] includes stories that since medieval times have been considered to be defamatory accounts of Jesus. Medieval Hebrew literature contains the anecdotal "Episode of Jesus" known also as Toledot Yeshu , in which Jesus is described as being the son of Joseph, the son of Pandera see: The account portrays Jesus as an impostor.

Islamic texts emphasize a strict notion of monotheism tawhid and forbid the association of partners with God, which would be idolatry. The Quran describes the annunciation to Mary Maryam by an angel that she is to give birth to Jesus while remaining a virgin. It calls the virgin birth a miracle that occurred by the will of God. To aid in his ministry to the Jewish people, Jesus was given the ability to perform miracles , by permission of God rather than by his own power. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has several distinct teachings about Jesus. Ahmadis believe that he was a mortal man who survived his crucifixion and died a natural death at the age of in Kashmir , India and is buried at Roza Bal.

In Christian Gnosticism now a largely extinct religious movement , [] Jesus was sent from the divine realm and provided the secret knowledge gnosis necessary for salvation. Most Gnostics believed that Jesus was a human who became possessed by the spirit of "the Christ" at his baptism. This spirit left Jesus' body during the crucifixion, but was rejoined to him when he was raised from the dead. Some Gnostics, however, were docetics , believed that Jesus did not have a physical body, but only appeared to possess one. Some Hindus consider Jesus to be an avatar or a sadhu.

For example, Richard Dawkins has called him "a great moral teacher". Some of the earliest depictions of Jesus at the Dura-Europos church are firmly dated to before The depiction of Christ in pictorial form was highly controversial in the early church. Although large images are generally avoided, few Protestants now object to book illustrations depicting Jesus. The Transfiguration was a major theme in Eastern Christian art, and every Eastern Orthodox monk who had trained in icon painting had to prove his craft by painting an icon depicting it.

Before the Protestant Reformation, the crucifix was common in Western Christianity. It is a model of the cross with Jesus crucified on it. The crucifix became the central ornament of the altar in the 13th century, a use that has been nearly universal in Roman Catholic churches since then. Jesus appears as an infant in a manger feed trough in Christmas creches, which depict the Nativity scene. The total destruction that ensued with the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70 made the survival of items from 1st-century Judea very rare and almost no direct records survive about the history of Judaism from the last part of the 1st century through the 2nd century.

However, throughout the history of Christianity a number of relics attributed to Jesus have been claimed, although doubt has been cast on them. The 16th-century Catholic theologian Erasmus wrote sarcastically about the proliferation of relics and the number of buildings that could have been constructed from the wood claimed to be from the cross used in the Crucifixion.

Some relics, such as purported remnants of the Crown of Thorns , receive only a modest number of pilgrims, while the Shroud of Turin which is associated with an approved Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus , has received millions, [] including popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. For other uses, see Jesus disambiguation.

For the Christian theological concept of the Messiah, see Christ title. For other uses, see Christ disambiguation. For other uses, see Jesus of Nazareth disambiguation. Judea , Roman Empire [5]. Jerusalem , Judea , Roman Empire. Life in art Depiction Jesuism. In rest of the NT. Road to Damascus John's vision. Life of Jesus in the New Testament. Genealogy of Jesus and Nativity of Jesus. Baptism of Jesus and Temptation of Christ. Confession of Peter and Transfiguration of Jesus. Jesus, King of the Jews ; John Crucifixion of Jesus and Burial of Jesus.

Sayings of Jesus on the cross and Crucifixion eclipse. Historical Jesus and Quest for the historical Jesus. Sources for the historicity of Jesus. Josephus on Jesus and Tacitus on Christ. A edition of the works of Josephus, a 1st-century Roman-Jewish historian who referred to Jesus [].

Cultural and historical background of Jesus , History of the Jews in the Roman Empire , Historical criticism , Textual criticism , and Historical reliability of the Gospels. Portraits of the historical Jesus. Language of Jesus and Race and appearance of Jesus. Religious perspectives on Jesus. Jesus in Christianity , Christ title , and Christology. Judaism's view of Jesus. Jesus in the Talmud. Relics associated with Jesus. Watts state that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be.

Eddy and Gregory A. Boyd say that non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus is now "firmly established". Muslims believe that she conceived her son miraculously by the command of God. Joseph was from these perspectives the acting adoptive father. I have to say that I do not know any respectable critical scholar who says that any more". Price does not believe that Jesus existed, but agrees that this perspective runs against the views of the majority of scholars.

Dunn calls the theories of Jesus' non-existence "a thoroughly dead thesis". Van Voorst states that biblical scholars and classical historians regard theories of non-existence of Jesus as effectively refuted. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors. Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians. His followers came to believe he was the promised Messiah and later split away from Judaism to found Christianity. The fact that Jesus existed, that he was crucified under Pontius Pilate for whatever reason and that he had a band of followers who continued to support his cause, seems to be part of the bedrock of historical tradition.

If nothing else, the non-Christian evidence can provide us with certainty on that score. Meier states that Jesus' birth year is c.

Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity. Neither God Nor Man. Age of Reason, , pp. Christology was a major focus of these debates, and was addressed at every one of the first seven ecumenical councils. Some early beliefs viewed Jesus as ontologically subordinate to the Father Subordinationism , and others considered him an aspect of the Father rather than a separate person Sabellianism , both were condemned as heresies by the Catholic Church.

Footnote on Contr. Not least, the nature of the image and how it was fixed on the cloth remain deeply puzzling". The roots of the problem and the person. Handbook of Biblical Chronology, rev. The birth of the Messiah: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels. How Jesus became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee. Jesus Now and Then. In Beilby, James K. An Historian's Review of the Gospels. The Oral Gospel Tradition.

Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved November 3, Retrieved April 20, Oxford Companion to the Bible. The Bible and the Future. Systematic Theology, Volume 2, Second Edition: Biblical, Historical, and Evangelical. Wipf and Stock Publishers. Archived from the original on May 1, Concise Encyclopedia of Islam.

Christians, Muslims, and Jesus. A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. Retrieved June 10, The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth. Retrieved August 4, Westminster John Knox Press. Theology of the New Testament. Society of Biblical Lit. The Encyclopedia of Christianity. The Book of the Acts. Introducing the New Testament. Exploring the Origins of the Bible. The Historical Jesus of the Gospels. What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels. The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre. What are the Gospels?

A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography. The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel. Society of Biblical Literature. Stanton 8 July Lieu 16 March The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies. Can We Trust the Gospels?: A Guide to the Gospels.

Oxford English Dictionary 3rd ed. Subscription or UK public library membership required. The Gospel of John. A Theology of the New Testament. The Gospel of John: When Love Comes to Town. The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible. Scenes, People, and Theology. The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary.

Jesus and the Gospels. A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature. Who's Who in the New Testament. Lincoln, 'Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? The Gospel of Matthew. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth. An Intermediate Greek—English Lexicon: In Bockmuehl, Markus N. Cambridge companion to Jesus. Eerdmans commentary on the Bible. Jesus of history, Christ of faith. The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition. The Sermon on the mount: In Jackson, Samuel M.

Son of Man-Tremellius V The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels.

• Life of Jesus in the New Testament - Wikipedia;
• The Life and Ministry of Jesus Christ > Free Bible Study Guides;
• 1st year of ministry!
• Getting Started with Dynamics NAV 2013 Application Development;
• Life and times of Jesus Christ;
• ?
• !

New Collegeville Bible Commentary: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context. The emergence of Christian theology. The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel.

Jesus - Wikipedia

The parables of Jesus: The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah. The Parables of Jesus. Daniels and Smith Publishers. The parables of our Lord? Retrieved June 3, Zondervan King James Version Commentary: Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. The Miracles Of Jesus. The words and works of Jesus Christ. All the Miracles of the Bible. The Christology of Mark's Gospel. The Collegeville Bible Commentary: Who do you say that I am? Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel. All the Apostles of the Bible. The Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts. The Gospel according to Matthew, Volume 1.

The Gospel according to John. John Understanding the Bible Commentary Series. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Luke's presentation of Jesus: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico. The Names of Jesus. Matthew New Cambridge Bible Commentary. The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew. The Acts of the Apostles. Thus the term seems to have passed from an original local and chiefly political sense, in which it was used as early as BC, to a technical and religious meaning in the Judaism of the New Testament epoch.

Early Christianity and Greek Paideia. Retrieved 26 February The Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church 3rd rev. The New Testament contains twenty-seven books, written in Greek, by fifteen or sixteen different authors, who were addressing other Christian individuals or communities between the years 50 and C. As we will see, it is difficult to know whether any of these books was written by Jesus' own disciples. The Quest for the Plausible Jesus: The Question of Criteria. Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship. John, Jesus, and History, Volume 1: Critical Appraisals of Critical Views.

The Cambridge history of Judaism. The Hellenistic Age 1. John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2. Cambridge Companion to Jesus. Josephus, the essential works: Jesus and His Contemporaries: What are they saying about the historical Jesus? The Historical Jesus in Context. The gospel of Luke: A History of New Testament Times. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. The Gospels in Rewrite. Mary in the New Testament. The acts of Jesus: Prophet of Purity for a New Age. In Dunn, James D. The Historical Jesus in Recent Research. Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar.

The Bart Ehrman Blog. The Cambridge History of Christianity. Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus. Handbook to exegesis of the New Testament. On Correcting Misleading Nomenclature". Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus. The Jewish Annotated New Testament. Currents in Biblical Research. Journal for the Study of Judaism. Archived from the original PDF on March 25, The Blackwell Companion to Jesus. The likeness of the king: University of Chicago Press. The forging of races: Harper Collins, , p. The historical Christ and the Jesus of faith. An Introduction to Its History, Doctrine.

Magnifying God in Christ. Retrieved June 26, The Christology of the New Testament. The Christology of Anselm of Canterbury. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 24, What is Mormonism" , MormonNewsroom. Outlines of dogmatic theology. Retrieved June 18, Twenty-six reasons why Jews don't believe in Jesus. Accessed December 22, The genealogy and Nativity of Jesus are described in two of the four canonical gospels: These lists are identical between Abraham and David except for one , but they differ almost completely between David and Joseph.

Attempts at explaining the differences between the genealogies have varied in nature. The Luke and Matthew accounts of the birth of Jesus have a number of points in common; both have Jesus being born in Bethlehem , in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Luke account Joseph and Mary travel from their home in Nazareth for the census to Bethlehem, where Jesus is born and laid in a manger.

King Herod massacres all males under two years old in Bethlehem in order to kill Jesus, but Jesus's family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. Over the centuries, biblical scholars have attempted to reconcile these contradictions, [17] while modern scholarship mostly views them as legendary.

The five major milestones in the New Testament narrative of the life of Jesus are his Baptism , Transfiguration , Crucifixion , Resurrection and Ascension. In the gospels, the ministry of Jesus starts with his Baptism by John the Baptist , when he is about thirty years old. Jesus then begins preaching in Galilee and gathers disciples.

In the gospels , the ministry of Jesus begins with his baptism in the countryside of Roman Judea and Transjordan , near the river Jordan , and ends in Jerusalem , following the Last Supper with his disciples. Jesus' Early Galilean ministry begins when after his Baptism, he goes back to Galilee from his time in the Judean desert.

The Major Galilean ministry which begins in Matthew 8 includes the commissioning of the Twelve Apostles , and covers most of the ministry of Jesus in Galilee. Three days after his burial, he is resurrected and appears to his disciples and a multitude of his followers numbering around in total over a day period [2] [55] [3] , [56] after which he ascends to Heaven. In the New Testament accounts, the principle locations for the ministry of Jesus were Galilee and Judea, with activities also taking place in surrounding areas such as Perea and Samaria. The gospel narrative of the ministry of Jesus is traditionally separated into sections that have a geographical nature.

The Baptism of Jesus marks the beginning of his public ministry. In the New Testament , John the Baptist preached a " baptism with water ", not of forgiveness but of penance or repentance for the remission of sins Luke 3: In so doing he was preparing the way for Jesus. Most modern scholars view the fact that Jesus was baptized by John as an historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned. The temptation of Jesus is detailed in the gospels of Matthew , [73] Mark , [74] and Luke. During this time, the devil appeared to Jesus and tempted him. Jesus having refused each temptation, the devil departed and angels came and brought nourishment to Jesus.

The calling of the first disciples is a key episode in the gospels which begins the active ministry of Jesus, and builds the foundation for the group of people who follow him, and later form the early Church. Particularly in the Gospel of Mark the beginning of the ministry of Jesus and the call of the first disciples are inseparable. In the Gospel of Luke Luke 5: Andrew follows Jesus because of the testimony of John the Baptist, Philip brings Nathanael and the pattern continues in John 4: This early period also includes the first miracle of Jesus in the Marriage at Cana , in the Gospel of John where Jesus and his disciples are invited to a wedding and when the wine runs out Jesus turns water into wine by performing a miracle.

Jesus' activities in Galillee include a number of miracles and teachings. The beginnings of this period include The Centurion's Servant 8: In the Mission Discourse , Jesus instructs the twelve apostles who are named in Matthew After hearing of the Baptist's death, Jesus withdraws by boat privately to a solitary place near Bethsaida , where he addresses the crowds who had followed him on foot from the towns, and feeds them all by " five loaves and two fish " supplied by a boy.

Major teachings in this period include the Discourse on Defilement in Matthew Following this episode Jesus withdraws into the "parts of Tyre and Sidon " near the Mediterranean Sea where the Canaanite woman's daughter episode takes place in Matthew Your request is granted. In the Gospel of Mark, after passing through Sidon Jesus enters the region of the Decapolis , a group of ten cities south east of Galilee, where the Healing the deaf mute miracle is reported in Mark 7: The Confession of Peter refers to an episode in the New Testament in which in Jesus asks a question to his disciples: The proclamation is described in the three Synoptic Gospels: Peter's Confession begins as a dialogue between Jesus and his disciples in which Jesus begins to ask about the current opinions about himself among "the multitudes", asking: Jesus then asks his disciples about their own opinion: But who do you say that I am?

Only Simon Peter answers him: You are the Christ, the Son of the living God. In blessing Peter, Jesus not only accepts the titles Christ and Son of God which Peter attributes to him, but declares the proclamation a divine revelation by stating that his Father in Heaven had revealed it to Peter.

The Transfiguration of Jesus is an episode in the New Testament narrative in which Jesus is transfigured or metamorphosed and becomes radiant upon a mountain. On the mountain, Jesus begins to shine with bright rays of light. Then the prophets Moses and Elijah appear next to him and he speaks with them. Jesus is then called " Son " by a voice in the sky, assumed to be God the Father , as in the Baptism of Jesus. The Transfiguration is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels. After the death of John the baptist and the Transfiguration, Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem, having predicted his own death there.

This period of ministry includes the Discourse on the Church in which Jesus anticipates a future community of followers, and explains the role of his apostles in leading it. The general theme of the discourse is the anticipation of a future community of followers, and the role of his apostles in leading it. The discourse emphasizes the importance of humility and self-sacrifice as the high virtues within the anticipated community. It teaches that in the Kingdom of God, it is childlike humility that matters, not social prominence and clout.

The description of the last week of the life of Jesus often called the Passion week occupies about one third of the narrative in the canonical gospels. The last week in Jerusalem is the conclusion of the journey which Jesus had started in Galilee through Perea and Judea. At the beginning of the week as Jesus enters Jerusalem, he is greeted by the cheering crowds, adding to that tension. The week begins with the Triumphal entry into Jerusalem. During the week of his "final ministry in Jerusalem", Jesus visits the Temple, and has a conflict with the money changers about their use of the Temple for commercial purposes.

This is followed by a debate with the priests and the elder in which his authority is questioned. One of his disciples, Judas Iscariot , decides to betray Jesus for thirty pieces of silver. Towards the end of the week, Jesus has the Last Supper with his disciples, during which he institutes the Eucharist , and prepares them for his departure in the Farewell Discourse. After the supper, Jesus is betrayed with a kiss while he is in agony in the garden , and is arrested.

After his arrest, Jesus is abandoned by most of his disciples, and Peter denies him three times, as Jesus had predicted during the Last Supper. Jesus is accompanied by Peter, John and James the Greater , whom he asks to "remain here and keep watch with me. Nevertheless, let it be as you, not I, would have it. Returning to the disciples after prayer, he finds them asleep and in Matthew While in the Garden, Judas appears, accompanied by a crowd that includes the Jewish priests and elders and people with weapons.

Judas gives Jesus a kiss to identify him to the crowd who then arrests Jesus. In the narrative of the four canonical gospels after the betrayal and arrest of Jesus, he is taken to the Sanhedrin , a Jewish judicial body. Pilate then orders Jesus' crucifixion. After the Sanhedrin trial Jesus is taken to Pilate's court in the praetorium. Herod Antipas the same man who had previously ordered the death of John the Baptist had wanted to see Jesus for a long time, because he had been hoping to observe one of the miracles of Jesus.

Herod and his soldiers mock Jesus, put a gorgeous robe on him, as the King of the Jews, and sent him back to Pilate.