Le Rouge et Le Noir (Annoté) (French Edition)

The debris that has formed below in picturesque shapes with names such as: It has been classed as a natural site since None of the communes of the department is in a no seismic risk zone.

The Canton of Annot is in zone 1b low risk according to the deterministic classification of based on the historical seismic data [7] and in zone 4 medium risk according to the probabilistic classification EC8 of The commune of Annot is also exposed to a risk of technological origin: The foreseeable natural risk prevention plan PPR of the commune was approved in for flood risk, landslide, and earthquake [7] but a new one was requested in and a DICRIM has existed since The town has had several natural disasters from flooding and mudslides in [8] and an earthquake powerfully felt in the town on 17 February whose epicentre was located in the Piedmont.

The locality appears for the first time in charters of as Anoth when its Lord, Ermerincus of Anoth, gave it to the Abbey of Saint Victor, Marseille. The name perhaps comes from the Gallic ana plus the Latin suffix ottum designating a small marsh. The name of the people settled in the valley on the arrival of the Romans is not certain, but it may be the Nemeturii.

An oppidum was located at a place called Vers-la-Ville. The houses were mostly wooden locations for beams are visible in the rocks that the houses backed on to and more than one floor. The path called "Vers-la-Ville" leading to a chapel is certainly a testimony to its past existence.

Le rouge et le noir

On this path there is a large sandstone rock "the rock of steps" on which a staircase is carved. Around the rock's summit there are holes dug to accommodate wooden beams.

The lordship then passed to the counts of Provence. The Annot community supported Duras until then switched sides to join the Angevins through patient negotiations by Marie de Blois , widow of Louis I and regent for their son Louis II. The surrender of Aix could also have played a role in the turnaround of the community.

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During the Wars of religion the city was attacked by the Protestants in [24] commanded by the Baron of l'Isle. In May the entire population of the village, led by the notaries and the apothecary , repulsed the new vicar who had been imposed by the diocese and not from the country. At the end of the 17th century the village was gradually emerging from isolation: They were repulsed by the Savoyards in the Valley of Marguery, and many residents of both communities were taken prisoner.

The ransom for those from Annot amounted to 1, livres. The community was fully part of the movement of the French Revolution. After sending their complaints in , they planted a tree of liberty in the Place Revelly. In two factories employed 40 workers.

The railway arrived at Annot in with the opening of the penultimate section of the line from Nice to Digne.

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The doctor from Annot belonged to the Milice. His father was shot on 6 August by the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans from the 11th company. Until the middle of the 20th century there was a vineyard in Annot whose production was consumed locally and was exported. There remains nothing now. On 9 February , a rock tumbled down a mountainside and derailed a train on the Chemins de Fer de Provence near Annot, killing two passengers. The town of Annot used at least two different shields, both making reference to chestnuts. The current arms of Annot are the second described below without picture.

Argent, a chestnut tree Vert charged with two hedgehogs of Or and with three fleurs-de-lis the same in base, 2 and 1. List of Successive Mayors [43]. The commune has a computerized library catalogue online. Prior to the commune had 69 fires in and 1, inhabitants in [18]. In the commune had 1, inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10, inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.

In the working population stood at people, including 38 unemployed [46] 70 in late [46]. On 1 January establishments active in the town were mainly shops and services 80 out of establishments followed by firms in the secondary sector 22 of , the government, health, the social sector, and education 24 establishments.

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At great emotional cost, Julien feigns indifference to Mathilde, provoking her jealousy with a sheaf of love-letters meant to woo Madame de Fervaques, a widow in the social circle of the de la Mole family. Consequently, Mathilde sincerely falls in love with Julien, eventually revealing to him that she carries his child; nevertheless, while he is on diplomatic mission in England, she becomes officially engaged to Monsieur de Croisenois, an amiable and wealthy young noble, heir to a duchy.

Learning of Julien's liaison with Mathilde, the Marquis de la Mole is angered, but he relents before her determination and his affection for Julien and bestows upon Julien an income-producing property attached to an aristocratic title as well as a military commission in the army.

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Yet Sorel is determined to die, for the materialistic society of Restoration France has no place for a low-born man, whatever his intellect or sensibilities. Meanwhile, the presumptive duke , Monsieur de Croisenois, one of the fortunate few of Bourbon France, is killed in a duel over a slur upon the honour of Mathilde de la Mole. Her undiminished love for Julien, his imperiously intellectual nature and romantic exhibitionism render Mathilde's prison visits to him a duty to endure and little more.

After he is guillotined, Mathilde de la Mole reenacts the cherished 16th-century French tale of Queen Margot , who visited her dead lover, Joseph Boniface de La Mole , to kiss the lips of his severed head.

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Mathilde then erects a shrine at Julien's tomb in the Italian fashion. Le Rouge et le Noir is set in the latter years of the Bourbon Restoration —30 and the days of the July Revolution that established the Kingdom of the French — Julien Sorel's worldly ambitions are motivated by the emotional tensions between his idealistic Republicanism and his nostalgic allegiance to Napoleon , and the realistic politics of counter-revolutionary conspiracy by Jesuit -supported legitimists , notably the Marquis de la Mole, whom Julien serves for personal gain.

Presuming a knowledgeable reader, Stendhal only alludes to the historical background of Le Rouge et le Noir —yet did subtitle the novel Chronique de "Chronicle of ". Stendhal repeatedly questions the possibility and the desirability of "sincerity," because most of the characters, especially Julien Sorel, are acutely aware of having to play a role to gain social approval.

In that 19th-century context, the word "hypocrisy" denoted the affectation of high religious sentiment; in The Red and the Black it connotes the contradiction between thinking and feeling. Girard's proposition is that a person's desire for another is always mediated by a third party.

This triangulation thus accounts for the perversity of the Mathilde—Julien relationship, which is most evident when Julien begins courting the widow Mme de Fervaques to pique Mathilde's jealousy, and also accounts for Julien's fascination with and membership in the high society he simultaneously desires and despises. To help achieve a literary effect, Stendhal wrote most of the epigraphs —literary, poetic, historic quotations—that he attributed to others. In Stendhal's time, prose novels included dialogue and omniscient narrator descriptions; Stendhal's great contribution to literary technique was the describing of the psychologies feelings, thoughts, and interior monologues of the characters.

As a result, he is considered the creator of the psychological novel. In Jean-Paul Sartre's play Les mains sales , the protagonist Hugo Barine suggests pseudonyms for himself, including "Julien Sorel", whom he resembles.

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In the afterword to her novel, them , Joyce Carol Oates wrote that she had originally entitled the manuscript Love and Money as a nod to classic 19th-century novels, among them, The Red and the Black , "whose class-conscious hero Julien Sorel is less idealistic, greedier, and crueler than Jules Wendell but is clearly his spiritual kinsman. A passage describing Julien Sorel's sexual indifference is deployed as the epigraph to Paul Schrader's screenplay of American Gigolo , whose protagonist is also named Julien: Scott Moncrieff's versions have not really been superseded.

Adams for the Norton Critical Editions series is also highly regarded; it "is more colloquial; his edition includes an informative section on backgrounds and sources, and excerpts from critical studies. Burton Raffel's translation for the Modern Library generally earned positive reviews, with Salon. His version has all but replaced the decorous text produced in the s by the Scottish-born writer-translator C.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see The Red and the Black disambiguation. Enciclopedia Garzanti della letteratura in Italian. Archived from the original on 19 November Retrieved 5 February