Flickering Flames Along the Alafia

But the extra additions didn't slow her down. She towed the line and bouy almost 10 nautical miles across the bay! Then she turned north to the Alafia River where she picked up more line and another bouy. And then she got caught in two mooring lines attached to a houseboat. By the time the FWCC rescue staff had arrived, Flicker -- who is a big manatee -- had stripped off one of the bouys and almost swamped a law enforcement boat. It took three attempts by the rescue staff along with a couple of cleats and several planks from the houseboat before she was free.

Both Flicker and her rescuers escaped with no injuries. And she's still continuing to trek across Tampa Bay. The warm water disperses faster there on the unprotected flats, but lush seagrass beds can be found, so there are always good eats! To evaluate nephroprotective potential of SR against gentamicin GM induced nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction. Plasma and urine urea and creatinine, renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants along with lipid peroxidation were evaluated in various experimental groups. GM treatment induced significant elevation p Cardioprotective effect of Sida rhomboidea.

Roxb extract against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. The present study investigates cardioprotective effect of Sida rhomboidea. Roxb SR extract on heart weight, plasma lipid profile, plasma marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and membrane bound ATPases against isoproterenol IP induced myocardial necrosis MN in rats.

Mungbean Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Control seedlings grown at ambient pressure kilopascals were provided amounts of O2 equivalent to those provided experimental seedlings at reduced pressure to factor out responses to O2 concentration and to total pressure. Respiration was assayed using washed mitochondria, and was found to respond only to O2 concentration.

Regardless of total pressure, seedlings grown at 2 millimoles O2 per liter had higher state 3 respiration rates and decreased percentages of alternative respiration compared to ambient 8. In contrast, seedling growth responded to total pressure but not to O2 concentration. Seedlings were significantly larger when grown under low pressure. While low O2 2 millimoles O2 per liter diminished growth at ambient pressure, growth at low pressure in the same oxygen concentration was enhanced. Respiratory development and growth of mungbean seedlings under low pressure is unimpaired whether oxygen or air is used as the chamber gas, and further, low pressure can improve growth under conditions of poor aeration.

Correlation and path coefficient analysis of quantitative characters in spine gourd Momordica dioica Roxb. Fifty genotypes of spine gourd Momordica dioica Roxb. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were carried out to study the character association and contribution, respectively for twelve quantitative characters namely vine length m , number of stems per plant, days to first female flower appearance, first female flowering node, days to first fruit harvest, days to last fruit harvest, fruiting period days , fruit length cm , fruit width cm , fruit weight g , number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant kg for identification of the potential selection indices.

Correlation and path coefficient analyses revealed that fruiting period and number of fruits per plant not only had positively significant correlation with fruit yield but also had positively high direct effect on it and are regarded as the main determinants of fruit yield. Days to first fruit harvest had positively moderate direct effect on fruit yield and its association was negatively significant, days to last fruit harvest had negatively high direct effect on fruit yield and its association was significant positively, hence restricted simultaneous selection can be made for days to first fruit harvest and days to last fruit harvest.

The improvement in fruit yield can be effective if selection is based on days to first fruit harvest, days to last fruit harvest, fruiting period and number of fruits per plant. Effect of Pithecellobium dulce Roxb. The edible fruits of Pithecellobium dulce Roxb. Here, we investigated the antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of P. Ulcer score, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS , glycoproteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels were measured in the duodenum. Rats pre-administered with the HAEPD showed significantly reduced ulcer score comparable to that of ranitidine pretreated rats.

Histopathological observations confirmed the presence of inflammation, necrosis and hemorrhagic spots in the duodenum of ulcer control rats which were significantly reduced due to HAEPD treatment. The results demonstrated antioxidant and cytoprotective nature of P. Studies of silver nanoparticles preparation has been developed increasingly due to the wide application in various areas and field, such as medicine, energy, catalysis, and electronic. An environmental-friendly method is needed to fabricate biocompatible silver nanoparticles without producing hazardous materials to the environment.

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In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles by green synthesis method, using leaf extract of gambir Uncaria gambir Roxb. The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by colour changes to yellowish brown and confirmed by result of UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis which shown absorption band at to nm. The absorbance was increased to the reaction time of 24 hours, and was decrease by the increasing of DEA concentration in reaction.

TEM analysis showed that prepared silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with diameter of 3,5 - 45,5 nm. The diameter of DEA capped silver nanoparticles was 13 nm, smaller than uncapped silver nanoparticles which was 26 nm It exhibited good stability to time reaction of one month which was potential to be developed in some fields. Natural products from Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Parasitic Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Natural products are the prime source of leads, drugs, and drug templates, and many of the anticancer and antiviral drugs are either based on natural product or derived from them.

Our search for anticancer natural products from C. Scoparone 1 , p-coumaric acid 2 , stigmasta-3,5-diene 3 and 1-O-p-hydroxycinnamoylglucose 4 and among them 1-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyldlucose 4 showed promising antiproliferative activities in HCT colorectal cell lines, whereas compounds showed moderate activities. Chlorophyll extraction from suji leaf Pleomele angustifolia Roxb. Suji Pleomele angustifolia Roxb.

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However, chlorophyll is suspectible to color degradation at high temperature. Color degradation occurred because porphyrin loses magnesium in its ring and it can be avoided by adding zinc. The aim of this work was to investigate the combined effect of independent variables on chlorophyll extraction process using ZnCl 2 as a stabilizer. A full three-level factorial design under response surface methodology was used to obtain the optimum condition of extraction process.

The experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance and fitted with second order polynomial equation.

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The coefficient of determination R 2 was found to be At the optimum conditions, the total chlorophyll content TCC was found to be In this experiment, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Erythrina suberosa Roxb. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle was continuously followed by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis. The response of the phytoconstituents resides in E. Further, the size, charge, and polydispersity nature of AgNPs were studied using dynamic light scattering spectroscopy.

The morphology of the nanoparticles was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Current result shows core involvement of plant extracts containing glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds played a crucial role in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles were evaluated against different pathogenic bacterium and fungi. The antioxidant property was studied by radical scavenging DPPH assay and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against A osteosarcoma cell line by MTT assay.

The characteristics of the synthesized silver nanoparticles suggest their application as a potential antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Evaluation of analgesic activity of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. Wight and Arn bark: Plants occupy an important place in folk medicine all over the world for centuries and indigenous communities have developed their own specific knowledge on plant resources, uses, management, and conservation. Research interest and activities in the area of ethno medicine have increased tremendously in the last decade.

Currently, scientists are evincing keen interest in the scientific evaluation of ethno medical claims. Bark powder of Arjuna Terminalia arjuna [ Roxb. To evaluate analgesic activity of T. For evaluation of analgesic activity, different experimental models, that is, the acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome in mice, formaldehyde-induced paw licking response and tail flick test in rats were designed. Animals were divided into three groups six animals in each group , first group serving as a control group, second and third group labeled as test drug group.

Test drug at both the doses significantly decreased the writhing syndrome in comparison to control the group. In comparison to control the group, incidences of formalin-induced paw licking were reduced in test drug groups in both early and late phases of pain. In tail flick response, threshold was significantly increased in both test drug groups at every time intervals. Study showed that stem bark of T. The fruit of the plant is one of the components of the age old ayurvedic formulation-'Triphala'.

The present study evaluates curative effect of aqueous acetone extract of Terminalia bellirica fruits AATB against CCl 4 induced oxidative stress and liver damage in an animal model. Treatment with AATB significantly restored the parameters towards normal level as compared to the elevated biochemical markers in the CCl 4 treated animals. Reversal to normal tissue architecture was observed in histological evaluation. The above findings suggest the therapeutic potential of the plant in alleviating hepatic oxidative stress and tissue damage, hence the traditional use of the plant in this regard stands justified.

Evaluation of acute toxicity and intestinal transit time of Olax scandens Roxb. Fruits and leaves of this plant are used for medicinal and food purpose. Traditionally, leaves of O. To evaluate the acute toxicity and intestinal transit time of O. Acute oral toxicity study for sample was carried out following OECD guidelines.

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The results show that the test drug is not likely to produce any toxicity in higher dose. In kaolin expulsion test, the drug produced mild increase in intestinal motility in mice proved by fast clearance of kaolin pellet in comparison to control group. The leaves of O. A comparative study of efficacy of Tugaksheeree [Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Effect of ethanolic fruit extract of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Urolithiasis was induced using ethylene glycol in wistar albino rats, the formation of calcium stones in the kidney results with the damage of antioxidant system.

Ethanolic extract of Cucumis trigonus Roxb fruit of family Curcurbitaceae was used to treat urolithiasis. On this course, the extract also repairs the changes that happened in the enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of urolithiasis induced rats.

The results show that the ethanolic fruit extract has repaired the levels of antioxidants and malondialdehyde to their normal levels. Laboratory evaluations of woods from Pakistan and their extractives against Postia placenta and Trametes versicolor. Natural durable wood species are those which exhibit innate tolerance to wood decay organisms such as fungi and termites.

The goal of this study was to evaluate 4 wood species Dalbergia sissoo , Cedrus deodara, Morus alba and Pinus roxburghii from Pakistan in order to determine their resistance to both a model brown. Rutaceae as a possible antiviral active principle against herpes simplex virus type 2. Rutaceae led to the identification of pyropheophorbide a 1 , a simple chlorin derivative, from the chloroform extract fr.

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B as a possible antiviral active principle against herpes simplex virus type 2 HSV Pyropheophorbide a methyl ester 2 was also isolated from the hexane extract fr. Ecological Niche Modelling using satellite data for assessing distribution of threatened species Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. It is medicinally important: Exploitation for its tubers and poor regeneration of this species has shrunk its distribution. In order to know its present status, we report here the results of its appraisal in Rajasthan, using remote sensing and ground truthing in the past five years A base map of C.

GIS layers of Area of occurrences for C. This map along with topographic sheets of 1: Its geographic distribution was assessed using MaxEnt distribution modelling algorithm that employed 12 presence locality data, 19 bioclimatic variables, and elevation data. Results of this modelling predicted occurrence of C.

Ground validation in these districts revealed its presence only at four places in three districts confirming its rarity. Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb. Objective To study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea C. Lecthyidaceae , an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine. Methods Leaf and stem samples of C. Results Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, broadly obovate in shape, acuminate apex with crenate, dentate margin, petioles 0.

Microscopically, the leaf showed the presence of median large size vascular bundle covered with fibrous bundle sheath, arrangement of xylem in cup shape and presence of cortical vascular bundle, patches of sclerenchyma, phloem fibers in groups and brown pigment containing cells in stem are some of the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem with pitted vessels and epidermis with anisocytic stomata. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy and fluorescence analysis.

Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, swelling index, extractive values and ash values were also determined and results showed that total ash of the stem bark was about two times higher than leaf and water soluble extractive value of leaf and stem bark was two times higher than alcohol soluble extractive value.

Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Conclusions The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications. Anti-inflammatory activity studies on the stems and roots of Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb is an important traditional Chinese medicine. Its stems and roots have been used for the treatment of rheumatism and fever while the leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent to relieve pain.

Meanwhile, biochemical parameters such as cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 , 5-lipoxygenase 5-LOX in blood serum of rats exposed to acute carrageenan inflammation model were evaluated. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Ethnobotanical literature indicates use of S.

The main aim of this review is to provide detailed phytopharmacological profile on S. All relevant worldwide accepted databases have been searched for the name "S. The accessible literatures available on S. Majority of phytopharmacological reports are on stem bark of the plant which include anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-androgenic effect, anti-inflammatory, wound healing activity and anti-diabetic effects. Phytochemical studies indicated presence of many phenolic glycosides like symplocoside, triterpenoids like betulinic acid, acetyloleanolic acid and oleanolic acid and flavonoids like quercetin which might have contributed to the observed protective effects.

Many ethnobotanical claims have been confirmed through systematic in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological studies on different extracts of stem bark and isolated constituents. However, systematic studies on the bio-markers are desirable to establish mode of action and to validate the traditional claim in clinical practice after proper safety assessment. The conservation data of genus Symplocos showed risk of extinction due to restricted.

Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of Smilax glabra Roxb. SGR is the root of a traditional Chinese herb, referred to as tu fu ling in Chinese medicine. It is an inexpensive traditional Chinese medicine commonly used for the treatment of liver diseases, and a few studies have indicated that SGR has anti-hepatocarcinogenic and anti-cancer growth activities. SGRE-induced apoptosis by alternation of mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase.

Only two types of rubber oxygenases, rubber oxygenase RoxA and latex clearing protein Lcp , have been described so far. Lcps are common among Gram-positive rubber degraders and do not share amino acid sequence similarities with RoxAs. However, RoxB Xsp differs from all currently known RoxAs in having a distinctive product spectrum of C 20 , C 25 , C 30 , and higher oligo-isoprenoids that has been observed only for Lcps so far. Purified RoxB Xsp revealed the highest specific activity of 4. Research from the last decade has discovered rubber oxygenase A, RoxA, and latex clearing protein Lcp as being responsible for the primary enzymatic attack on the hydrophobic and water-insoluble biopolymer poly cis -1,4-isoprene in Gram.

Efficient extraction and preparative separation of four main isoflavonoids from Dalbergia odorifera T.

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Chen leaves by deep eutectic solvents-based negative pressure cavitation extraction followed by macroporous resin column chromatography. In this study, green and efficient deep eutectic solvent-based negative pressure cavitation-assisted extraction DES-NPCE followed by macroporous resin column chromatography was developed to extract and separate four main isoflavonoids, i. The extraction procedure was optimized systematically by single-factor experiments and a Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology. The maximum extraction yields of prunetin, tectorigenin, genistein and biochanin A reached 1.

The present study provides a convenient and efficient method for the green extraction and preparative separation of active compounds from plants. Cedrin identified from Cedrus deodara Roxb. To find efficient therapeutics, we have investigated the protective effects of cedrin from Cedrus deodara Roxb. Cedrin can reduce reacrive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content.

Meanwhile, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in PC12 cells, and elevated Caspase-3 activity, downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax are meliorated. These results demonstrate the protective effect of cedrin is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of apoptosis. This investigation gives evidences for the application of cedrin in practice and further investigation in vivo.

Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garuga pinnata Roxb. A study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Garuga pinnata Roxb. The various parameters studied included fasting blood sugar levels, serum lipid levels, liver glycogen content, serum insulin level and glycated hemoglobin in diabetic and normal rats. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide was used to induce type-II diabetes mellitus. Treatment with the extract at two dose levels showed a significant increase in the liver glycogen and serum insulin level and a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels.

The total cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels were also significantly reduced and the HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased upon treatment with the extract thus proving the potent antidiabetic property of the plant. Tooth enamel surface micro-hardness with dual species Streptococcus biofilm after exposure to Java turmeric Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Streptococcus biofilm on tooth surfaces can decrease mouth environment pH, thus causing enamel demineralization that can lead to dental caries. Java Turmeric extract has excellent antibacterial effects and can maintain S.

To analyze the effect of Java Turmeric extract on tooth enamel micro-hardness, the Java Turmeric extract was added on enamel tooth samples with Streptococcus dual species biofilm S. The micro-hardness of enamel was measured by Knoop Hardness Tester. Results showed that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.

It is concluded that Java Turmeric extract ethanol could not inhibit the hardness of enamel with Streptococcus dual species biofilm. Thin layer chromatography fingerprint, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of rhizomes, stems, and leaves of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Fingerprints of 5 temu hitam Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Roscoe , and temu lawak Curcuma zanthorriza Roxb. Maceration method with ethanol as the solvent was used for extraction. The eluent used for fingerprint by TLC was chloroform: Five accessions of temu hitam show similar fingerprint patterns, but different in band thickness.

Temu hitam rhizomes have bands of curcuminoid Rf 0. Leaves and stems of temu hitam can be distinguished from temu putih, turmeric, and temu lawak at Rf 0. Rhizomes of all plants reveal strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant activity on DPPH radicals than its corresponding stems and leaves. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined by microdilution and TLC-bioautography. Decomposition dynamic of two aquatic macrophytes Trapa bispinosa Roxb.

In freshwater ecosystems, aquatic macrophytes play significant roles in nutrient cycling. One problem in this process is nutrient loss in the tissues of untimely harvested plants. In this study, we used two aquatic species, Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Nine times litterbags were retrieved on days 6, 14, 25, 45, 65, 90, , , and after the decomposition experiment for the monitoring of biomass loss and nutrient release.

The results suggested that the dry masses of N. The order of decomposition rate constants k is as follows: Akhter, Samina; Rahman, Md. Atiar; Aklima, Jannatul; Hasan, Md. Rakibul; Hasan Chowdhury, J. This research investigated the protective role of Leea macrophylla extract on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. Different fractions of Leea macrophylla Roxb. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal control, hepatic control, and reference control silymarin group and treatment group.

Evaluations were made for the effects of the fractions on serum enzymes and biochemical parameters of CCl4-induced albino rat. Histopathological screening was also performed to evaluate the changes of liver tissue before and after treatment. Different fractions of Leea macrophylla showed very potent 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH radical scavenging effect, FeCl3 reducing effect, superoxide scavenging effect, and iron chelating effect.

Carbon tetrachloride induction increased the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase AST , alanine aminotransferase ALT , and alkaline phosphatase ALP and other biochemical parameters such as lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. In contrast, treatment of Leea macrophylla reduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase AST , alanine aminotransferase ALT , and alkaline phosphatase ALP activities as well as biochemical parameters activities. Histopathology showed the treated liver towards restoration. Results evidenced that L. Influence of additional coupling agent on the mechanical properties of polyester—agave cantala roxb based composites.

The mechanical and morphological properties of the unsaturated polyester resins UPRs -agave cantala roxb based composite are investigated in this paper. The cantala fiber woven in 3D angle interlock was utilized as the composite reinforcement. Surface grafting of the cantala fiber through chemical treatment was performed by introducing silane coupling agent to improving the compatibility with the polymer matrix.

The fabrication of the composite specimens was conducted using vacuum bagging technique. The effect of additional coupling agent to the morphological appearance of surface fracture was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The photograph of surface fracture on the treated specimens showed the residual matrix left on the fibers in which the phenomenon was not found in the untreated specimens.

Modifications of chemical functional groups of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb and its effect towards biosorption of heavy metals. The utilization of non-living biomass as an alternative biosorbent for heavy metal removal has gain a tremendous consideration through the years. Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb or pandan leaves, which is widely used as food additives in the South East Asia region, has been selected for its viability in the said effort due to the presence of chemical functional groups on its cellular network that enables the sorption to occur.

In order to elucidate the possible mechanisms participated during the heavy metal removal process, the biosorbent undergone a series of modification techniques to alter the chemical functional groups present on its constituent. Also, scanning electron micrographs further suggested that the adsorption mechanism could perform in parallel, as attributed to the evidence of porous structure throughout the biosorbent fibrous nature. From the outcome of the chemically-modified biosorbent being subjected to the contact with metal cations, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups present on the biosorbent are believed to be responsible for the metal uptake to occur through complexation mechanism.

Insulinotrophic and insulin-like effects of a high molecular weight aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. PM is an Ayurvedic traditional medicine well known for its antidiabetic potential. Bio-assay methods including, insulin secretion from mouse pancreas and glucose uptake by mouse skeletal muscle, were used to determine and fractionate the antidiabetic activity of PME. Results obtained from the in vitro experiments were then verified by examining the effect of PME on glucose clearance in normoglycemic, non-diabetic sheep in vivo. Exposure of mouse pancreatic and muscle tissues to PME stimulated the insulin secretion and glucose uptake, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner.

PME-mediated muscle glucose uptake was not potentiated in the presence of insulin indicating that PME acts via pathways which are utilized by insulin. Bio-assay-guided fractionation of PME yielded a high molecular weight fraction which had potent antidiabetic properties in vitro, and in in vivo. Our findings, we believe for the first time, provide novel insights for the antidiabetic constituents of PM and demonstrate that a high molecular weight constituent s of PM has potent insulinotrophic and insulin-like properties.

A preliminary report on the genetic variation in pointed gourd Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. As the accessions are poorly characterized it is important at the beginning of a breeding programme to discriminate among available genotypes to establish the level of genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of 10 pointed gourd races, referred to as accessions was evaluated. A total of 58 scorable loci were observed out of which 18 The UPGMA dendogram constructed based on RAPD analysis in 10 pointed gourd accessions were found to be grouped in a single cluster and may represent members of one heterotic group.

RAPD analysis showed promise as an effective tool in estimating genetic polymorphism in different accessions of pointed gourd. Anti-inflammatory activity of niosomes entrapped with Plai oil Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Plai oil—encapsulated niosomes Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Methods Pure oil from Plai rhizomes was extracted by steam distillation, and antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay.

Bioactive compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Niosome particles containing Plai oil were prepared by chloroform film method with sonication before testing for anti-inflammatory activity on locally inflamed subcutaneous rat skin after inducement from lipopolysaccharide with ultrasound once a day for 3 days. Skin temperatures and blood flow were evaluated. Results Plai oil presented antioxidant activity that inhibited 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radicals. Application of ultrasound 0. Conclusion Plai oil, which consists of four main bioactive compounds and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, can be applied against local subcutaneous inflammation when used with therapeutic ultrasound via entrapped niosomes.

In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from the rhizome of Javanese turmeric Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. The biofilms of C. The metabolic activity of cells within the biofilms was quantified using the XTT reduction assay. The results demonstrated that the activity of xanthorrhizol in reducing C. Xanthorrhizol displayed potent activity against C.

Plant parts substitution based approach as a viable conservation strategy for medicinal plants: A case study of Premna latifolia Roxb. Rapid population growth and catastrophic harvesting methods of wild medicinal plants especially trees, result in the exploitation of natural sources and its management is the need of the hour.

Dashamoolarishta is an amalgam of roots of ten plants of a popular Ayurvedic FDC formulation consisting of the root of Premna latifolia Roxb. Presently, their populations like many other trees are under threat due to extensive use of the roots by the herbal drug industry. The fingerprint profile together with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of different parts of the plant was established for comparison. The study proposes that the substitution of the root with alternate renewable parts of the same plant shall form the best strategy towards conservation of the trees like P.

Published by Elsevier B. Anticancer potential and mechanism of action of mango ginger Curcuma amada Roxb. We have investigated the anticancer potential and the mechanism of action of a supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger CA in the UMG human glioblastoma cell line. Inhibitory concentration values of CA for normal embryonic mouse hypothalamus cell line mHypoE-N1 is significantly higher than glioblastoma cell line, indicating the specificity of CA against brain tumor cells. CompuSyn analysis indicates that CA acts synergistically with temozolomide and etoposide for the cytotoxicity with combination index values of Effects of gamma ray and electron beam irradiation on reduction of microbial load and antioxidant properties of Chum-Hed-Thet Cassia alata L.

Considering the growing demands of herbal medicines, Cassia alata L. It has also been called in Thai as Chum-Hed-Thet. In this study, C. At the dose of 10 kGy, both of gamma and electron beam irradiation were sufficient in reducing microbial load of irradiated samples as specified in Thai pharmacopoeia These include the total aerobic microbial count of 0.

Therefore, both of radiation by gamma ray or electron beam at 10 kGy was sufficient in elimination of microbial flora and did not significantly affected the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of C. Gambir Uncaria gambir Roxb. L is a specific commodity of export in West Sumatra. However, in its area does not parallel with its production. In the last five years, the volume of export increases about Therefore, this commodity has a strategic value for city's earnings. One of predicted causes is the use of unappropriated land.

The aim of this research is to measure levels of land suitability in the buffer zone. To evaluate land suitability, quantitative model from FAO is used by combining environmental data, climate and condition of land physical and chemical characteristic of the land.

Every data is measured rating individually and included in several mathematical formulas. By changing certain variant of this model program, it can predict the result of the plant in another area. Salido Saribulan area is included in class of land suitability S3f which is suitable for growing Gambir tree with a limitation factor of nutrient retention. Fruit Extracts from Different Ripening Stages. The present work investigated the phenolic profiles including nonanthocyanin and anthocyanin phenolics , antioxidant activities, and neuroprotective potential of mulberry fruit MF Morus atropurpurea Roxb.

The antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content TPC , total flavonoid content TFC , and total monomeric anthocyanin content TAC were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Of the 19 phenolic compounds characterized from the MF extracts, the contents of rutin and anthocyanins increased and that of chlorogenic acid decreased significantly with maturity.

Cellular assays revealed increased cell viability in cells treated with the ripe MF extracts; compared with the control groups, the ripening fruits also increased the antioxidant enzyme levels in PC12 cells. Together, these results suggest that the antioxidant activities and neuroprotective properties of ripening MFs are related to the contents and types of phenolic compounds that are present in the fruits. In this investigation, we have analyzed the effect of supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger CA on the genetic pathways associated with AKT signaling in human glioblastoma cells.

Analysis of mRNA and protein expression of genes associated with apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis showed that CA modulates expression of genes associated with apoptosis Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, BNIP3, caspase-3, mutant p53 and p21 , cell proliferation Ki67 and angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF. These results indicate the molecular targets and mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of CA in human glioblastoma cells.

In this article, macroporous resin column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography were applied for preparation of gallic acid from Terminalia bellirica Gaertn. In the first step, six kinds of resins were investigated by adsorption and desorption tests and AB-8 macroporous resin was selected for the enrichment of gallic acid. In the second step, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was selected to purify gallic acid. As a result, mg of gallic acid at a purity of The results demonstrated that macroporous resin coupled with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was suitable for preparation of gallic acid from T.

Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: Total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of Meyna spinosa Roxb. The objective of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and to evaluate the antioxidant potential of different leaf extracts of Meyna spinosa Roxb. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts of Meyna spinosa leaves were investigated using several in vitro and ex vivo assays, including the 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, metal chelating assay, and reducing power ability method.

Total antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated by the ferric thiocyanate method.

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