Emotions and Aggressive Behavior

The dominance ratings for aggression pictures 4. This study analyzed the effect of the interaction between components of aggressiveness and stimuli with different affective contents on emotional responsiveness. The evaluation of valence and arousal was similar to that found in previous observations in different populations and countries. Sexual pictures were rated as significantly more appetitive and more arousing by the aggressive groups than by participants who did not present any component of aggressive behaviors.

Similar results in a study about aggressive personality traits were reported by Reuter et al. Eysenck 22 found that people with higher scores on the psychoticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire EPQ 23 are more interested in aggressive sex than people with lower psychoticism scores. Therefore, aggressive people appear to have a major emotional response to sexual stimuli that predisposes them to their sexual behavior.

In contrast to findings reported by Reuter et al. This suggests an association between sex and aggression, which may be explained by the effect of higher testosterone levels and lower cortisol levels in people with increasing levels of aggressiveness and sexual desire. According to GAM, aggressive behaviors occur not only within an individual but also in relation to the context.

Our results showed a strong interaction between aggressive traits personal attributes, such as verbal aggression, physical aggression, anger, and hostility and environments with a sexual content, in which emotional regulation in response to sexual stimuli changed in the aggressive groups. This interaction contributes to an understanding of sexual aggression, in which sexual offenders exhibit high pleasure and arousal in an environment with a sexual content and are unable to control it.

To corroborate these findings, future studies should assess emotional responses in people with aggressive traits by measuring modulation of the startle reflex, heart rate, and galvanic skin response. The use of these measures may provide a more objective explanation for our results and provide empirical evidence of the association between aggression and sexual content in the environment, which may lead to a better understanding of behaviors associated with sexual assault.

An evaluation of staff and patient views of and strategies employed to manage inpatient aggression and violence on one mental health unit: J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. Reframing the problem of violence towards mental health nurses: Int J Soc Psychiatry. Optimizing arousal to manage aggression: Int J Ment Health Nurs.

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Emotional regulation and aggression. Bradley M, Lang P. The Handbook of Psychophysiology. Cambridge University Press; Epub Sep 5. Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance- and mindfulness-based treatments. Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: Illuminating the processes of change.

New Harbinger Publications; Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: The role of anger in offending: J Forens Psychiatry Psychol. Alcohol, suppressed anger and violence. Epub Jun The anatomy of anger: Personality and reciprocal inhibition theory: Buss AH, Perry M. J Pers Soc Psychol.

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International affective picture system IAPS: University of Florida; Adding support to cross-cultural emotional assessment: Rev Psicol Gen Apl. Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire adult and junior. State, not trait, neuroendocrine function predicts costly reactive aggression in men after social exclusion and inclusion. Epub Mar 4. Testosterone, cortisol, and serotonin as key regulators of social aggression: A review and theoretical perspective.

Epub Nov Androgen levels and anger and impulsivity measures as predictors of physical, verbal and indirect aggression in boys and girls. Gender differences in sexual fantasy: Soc Psychol Personal Sci. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Services on Demand Journal. Original Articles Emotional dimensions in people with aggressive behavior: Introduction Aggression has traditionally been conceptualized as either an impulsive act that is motivated by anger or a premeditated behavior that is oriented toward achieving goals.

The text is comprised of thirteen chapters separated into five parts; 1. History of research into emotions and aggression; 2. Emotion-based motives and aggression; 3. Anger and aggression; 4. Intergroup contexts; and, 5. I do not intend to comment on every chapter. Rather I will reflect on the general themes indicated and on selected chapters.

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The book is, however, a very eclectic one. Thus my identification of chapters is simply for illustration. Steffgen and Gollwitzer have done well to bring together such a ranging array of disciplines and theoretical perspectives into one cohesive text.

The structure of the text was a useful one, commencing with historical perspectives and ending with individual development. The latter is a particularly welcome component to this area of research, including chapters focusing on childhood and adolescence through the illustration of single studies or reviews of topics. The value of some chapters was certainly in their contribution to the area via the presentation of new empirical data. The chapter of Angela Ittel 'Tight bonds or loose associations; Crossroads of emotion, social integration and aggression in early adolescence' was a good example of this.

In this Ittel outlines gender-specific patterns of development with emotional attributes found to predict aggression, with a complex relationship found between attributes and aggression for girls. The only area that I felt was perhaps absent from this part of the text was some reflection on changes in adult aggression over time.

This is undoubtedly a function of the increased research among children and adolescents in comparison to adults, but I felt that there did need to be at least some reflection of adult differences. For example 'gender' differences in aggression are described as boys being more aggressive than girls Florian Juen et al, 'Emotion, aggression and the meaning of prevention in early childhood' when in fact there did need to be a clear statement that this holds only for this age groups and does not automatically translate to adults; and also that the target of the aggression is important to account for.

I did feel, however, that the concluding chapter in this part by Johannes Bach 'Pre-school prevention of emotional-social disorders and aggressive behaviour' was particularly useful and quite rightly focused on the importance of prevention of difficulties within very young age groups.

Examples of some of my further preferred chapters in this text, were Leo Montada's 'Emotion-based aggression motives'; Roy F. Leo Montada's chapter was useful in that it encouraged a focus on motivation as opposed t. Preface; List of Contributors; Part 1: Historiography of Research on Aggression and Emotion; 1.

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