Limmigré (Contemporain t. 734) (French Edition)

The MATI spectra of complexes 1 and 2 appear to reveal features arising from ionizations of the isomers formed by the rotation of one arene ring relative to the other. The 1 and 2 MATI spectra show two intense peaks corresponding to the 0 0 0 ionizations with inverse intensity ratios. As indicated by the DFT calculations, the intensity ratio change on going from 1 to 2 results from different isomers contributing to each MATI peak. The 1 and 2 spectra show also the weaker features representing transitions to the vibrationally excited cationic levels, the signals of individual rotamers being detected and assigned on the basis of calculated vibrational frequencies.

The MATI spectra of compounds 3 and 4 reveal only one strong peak because of close ionization potentials of the isomers contributing to the MATI signal. This can be explained by an increase in the molecular zero point energies on methylation of the substituents. Molecular interactions and structures in ethylene glycol-ethanol and ethylene glycol-water solutions at K on densities, viscosities, and refractive indices data.

The measured and computed properties have been used to understand the molecular interactions in unlike solvents and structural fittings in these binary mixtures. The Europa Geophysical Explorer would: The previous studies and the new requirements contributed to the development of several scientifically capable and relatively mass-rich mission options. In particular, Earth-gravity assists EGA were allowed, resulting in an increased delivered mass. As well, there have been advances in radiation-hardened components and subsystems, due to the investments from the X technology program and JIMO.

Finally, developments in radioisotope power systems RPS have added to the capability and reliability of the mission. A Review and Synthesis. DNA C Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited O Rourke [] derived electric field patterns from ground-based magnetome IC05 Monitored by Environmental A whole-plant chamber system for parallel gas exchange measurements of Arabidopsis and other herbaceous species. Photosynthetic assimilation of carbon is a defining feature of the plant kingdom.

The fixation of large amounts of carbon dioxide supports the synthesis of carbohydrates, which make up the bulk of plant biomass. Exact measurements of carbon assimilation rates are therefore crucial due to their impact on the plants metabolism, growth and reproductive success. Commercially available single-leaf cuvettes allow the detailed analysis of many photosynthetic parameters, including gas exchange, of a selected leaf area. However, these cuvettes can be difficult to use with small herbaceous plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana or plants having delicate or textured leaves.

Furthermore, data from single leaves can be difficult to scale-up for a plant shoot with a complex architecture and tissues in different physiological states. Therefore, we constructed a versatile system- EGES to simultaneously measure gas exchange in the whole shoots of multiple individual plants.

Our system was designed to be able record data continuously over several days. The chambers seals have negligible permeability to carbon dioxide and the system is designed so as to detect any bulk-flow air leaks. We show that the system can be used to monitor plant responses to changing environmental conditions, such as changes in illumination or stress treatments, and to compare plants with phenotypically severe mutations.

By incorporating interchangeable lids, the system could be used to measure photosynthetic gas exchange in several genera such as Arabidopsis, Nicotiana, Pisum, Lotus and Mesembryanthemum. EGES -1 can be introduced into a variety of growth facilities and measure gas exchange in the shoots diverse plant species grown in different growth media. Comparison of endotracheal aspirate and non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a pediatric intensive care unit. Ventilator-associated pneumonia VAP is defined as pneumonia occuring in any period of mechanical ventilation.

There is no optimal diagnostic method in current use and in this study we aimed to compare two non-invasive diagnostic methods used in diagnosis of VAP in children. Fourty-one patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of study subjects was There were no patients whose respiratory specimen culture was negative with ETA and positive with non-bronchoscopic BAL. These results imply that there is a significant difference between two diagnostic methods p One recognition sequence, seven restriction enzymes, five reaction mechanisms.

The diversity of reaction mechanisms employed by Type II restriction enzymes was investigated by analysing the reactions of seven endonucleases at the same DNA sequence. Their reactions on plasmids with one or two copies of this sequence revealed five distinct mechanisms. These differ in terms of the number of sites the enzyme binds, and the number of phosphodiester bonds cleaved per turnover. NarI binds two sites, but cleaves only one bond per DNA-binding event.

KasI also cuts only one bond per turnover but acts at individual sites, preferring intact to nicked sites. MlyI cuts both strands of its recognition sites, but shows full activity only when bound to two sites, which are then cleaved concertedly. Finally, BbeI displays an absolute requirement for two sites in close physical proximity, which are cleaved concertedly. The range of reaction mechanisms for restriction enzymes is thus larger than commonly imagined, as is the number of enzymes needing two recognition sites.

The neural component-process architecture of endogenously generated emotion. Abstract Despite the ubiquity of endogenous emotions and their role in both resilience and pathology, the processes supporting their generation are largely unknown. Component processes implemented by these networks were established by investigating their functional associations, activation dynamics and integration. SN activation correlated with subjective affect, with midbrain nodes exclusively distinguishing between positive and negative affect intensity, showing dynamics consistent generation of core affect.

Dorsomedial DMN, together with ventral anterior insula, formed a pathway supporting multiple generation methods, with activation dynamics suggesting it is involved in the generation of elaborated experiential representations. These results provide a foundation for research into endogenous emotion in normal, pathological and optimal function. Conventional drivers of liking analysis was extended with a time dimension into temporal drivers of liking TDOL based on functional data analysis methodology and non-additive models for multiple-attribute time-intensity MATI data.

The non-additive models, which consider both direct effects and interaction effects of attributes to consumer overall liking, include Choquet integral and fuzzy measure in the multi-criteria decision-making, and linear regression based on variance decomposition. Dynamics of TDOL, i. Well-established R packages 'fda', 'kappalab' and 'relaimpo' were used in the paper for developing TDOL. Applied use of these methods shows that the relative importance of MATI curves offers insights for understanding the temporal aspects of consumer liking for fruit chews.

Development of equations for predicting methane emissions from ruminants. Ruminants contribute to global warming by releasing methane CH4 gas by enteric fermentation. This has increased interest among animal scientists to develop and improve equations predicting CH4 production. The objectives of the current study were to collect a data set from respiration studies and to evaluate the effects of dietary and animal factors on CH4 production from diets that can safely be fed to dairy cows, using a mixed model regression analysis.

The final data set included a total of treatment means from 52 published papers with cattle and 91 sheep diets. However, further inclusion of other variables improved the model: High liquid fuel yielding biofuel processes and a roadmap for the future transportation. In a fossil-fuel deprived world when crude oil will be scarce and transportation need cannot be met with electricity and transportation liquid fuel must be produced, biomass derived liquid fuels can be a natural replacement. The hydrogen requirement for the H2CAR process is 0.

Another off-shoot of the H2Bioil process is the H2Bioil-B process, where hydrogen required for the hydropyrolysis is obtained from gasification of a fraction of the biomass. Ephemeris f status minium or aluminium alloy on a metal by spraying, ES efemrides , pl americanas DE 1. H6hentoferanz MI hot dipping, diffusion Identification and Quantification of Hydrocarbon Products in Effluents. Absorption spectra of the standa-rds in The coordination problems are discussed in the companion report [2]. The developed Agent and Multi-agent-based The resulting frequency Paul A K.

Phys,, 15 2 , , , Ba , and M. Tom has consulted for private, civic , religious, and community organizations. Presently, there is an apparent disconnect between how the U. Army perceives religion and the ways in which military officers are schooled The regular friction of social life manifests itself as conflict at different levels; interpersonal.

OSU focused on the development of microscale enhancement technologies for improving heat and mass transfer in automotive hydrogen storage systems. Furthermore, both strategres estabhshed promotrng democracy as a fundamental obJectrve. Low techrical risk 1. Part 1 - Background and Benchmark. Il examine les origines, la. Mutations in the human UBR1 gene and the associated phenotypic spectrum. Johanson -Blizzard syndrome JBS is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, typical facial features, dental anomalies, hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, scalp defects, urogenital and anorectal anomalies, short stature, and cognitive impairment of variable degree.

This syndrome is caused by a defect of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR1, which is part of the proteolytic N-end rule pathway. Mutation types include nonsense, frameshift, splice site, missense, and small in-frame deletions consistent with the hypothesis that loss of UBR1 protein function is the molecular basis of JBS. There is an association of missense mutations and small in-frame deletions with milder physical abnormalities and a normal intellectual capacity, thus suggesting that at least some of these may represent hypomorphic UBR1 alleles.

The review of clinical data of a large number of molecularly confirmed JBS cases allows us to define minimal clinical criteria for the diagnosis of JBS. For all previously reported and novel UBR1 mutations together with their clinical data, a mutation database has been established at LOVD. The comet assay is a versatile, reliable, cost-efficient, and fast technique for detecting DNA damage and repair in any tissue. It is useable in almost any cell type and applicable to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

Instead of highlighting one of the numerous specific aspects of the comet assay, the present review aims at giving an overview about the evolution of this widely applicable method from the first description by Ostling and Johanson to the OECD Guideline for the in vivo mammalian comet assay. In addition, methodical aspects and the influence of critical steps of the assay as well as the evaluation of results and improvements of the method are reviewed. Methodical aspects regarding oxidative DNA damage and repair are also addressed. An overview about the most recent works and relevant cutting-edge reviews based on the comet assay with special regard to, e.

Taken together, the presented overview raises expectations to further decades of successful applications and enhancements of this excellent method. Food powders flowability characterization: Characterization of food powders flowability is required for predicting powder flow from hoppers in small-scale systems such as vending machines or at the industrial scale from storage silos or bins dispensing into powder mixing systems or packaging machines. This review covers conventional and new methods used to measure flowability in food powders.

The method developed by Jenike for determining hopper outlet diameter and hopper angle has become a standard for the design of bins and is regarded as a standard method to characterize flowability. Moreover, there are a number of shear cells that can be used to determine failure properties defined by Jenike's theory.

Other classic methods compression, angle of repose and nonconventional methods Hall flowmeter, Johanson Indicizer, Hosokawa powder tester, tensile strength tester, powder rheometer , used mainly for the characterization of food powder cohesiveness, are described. The effect of some factors preventing flow, such as water content, temperature, time consolidation, particle composition and size distribution, is summarized for the characterization of specific food powders with conventional and other methods.

Whereas time-consuming standard methods established for hopper design provide flow properties, there is yet little comparative evidence demonstrating that other rapid methods may provide similar flow prediction. Substitution urethroplasty of complex and long-segment urethral strictures: We evaluated the applications and outcomes of substitution urethroplasty, using a variety of techniques, in 65 patients with complex, long-segment urethral strictures.

Of the 65 patients, 43 underwent one-stage urethral reconstruction using mucosal grafts 28 colonic mucosal graft, 12 buccal mucosal graft, and 3 bladder mucosal graft , 17 patients underwent one-stage urethroplasty using pedicle flaps, and 5 patients underwent staged Johanson 's urethroplasty. The mean follow-up time was 4. Complications developed in 15 patients Recurrent strictures and urethral pseudodiverticulum were treated successfully with a subsequent procedure, including repeat urethroplasty in six cases and urethrotomy or dilation in three.

Coloabdominal fistula was corrected only by dressing change; five patients await further reconstruction. Penile skin, colonic mucosal, and buccal mucosal grafts are excellent materials for substitution urethroplasty. Colonic mucosal graft urethroplasty is a feasible procedure for complicated urethral strictures involving the entire or multiple portions of the urethra and the technique may also be considered for urethral reconstruction in patients in whom other conventional procedures failed.

Ethnopedology and soil quality of bamboo Bambusa sp. It is widely recognized that farmers' hold important knowledge of folk soil classification for agricultural land for its uses, yet little has been studied for traditional agroforestry systems. This article explores the ethnopedology of bamboo Bambusa sp. The study revealed four basic folk soil mati types: Soil physio-chemical parameters were studied to validate the farmers' soil hierarchal classification and also to correlate with productivity of the bamboo stand.

Farmers' hierarchal folk soil classification was consistent with the laboratory scientific analysis. Data presented indicate that the kalo mati black soil is sustainable or sustainable with high input. However, the other three folk soil types red, stony and sandy soil are also sustainable but for other land uses. Therefore, ethnopedological studies may move beyond routine laboratory analysis and incorporate SQI for assessing the sustainability of land uses managed by the farmers'.

The H1N1 outbreak has demonstrated that continuing vigilance, planning, and strong public health research capability are essential defenses against emerging health threats. Molecular epidemiology of influenza virus strains provides scientists with clues about the temporal and geographic evolution of the virus. In the present paper, researchers from France and Vietnam are proposing a global surveillance network based on grid technology: The analysis results are displayed on a web portal http: Specifically, CREAM is a job management service used for submitting, managing and monitoring computational jobs.

CEMonitor is an event notification framework, which can be coupled with CREAM to provide the users with asynchronous job status change notifications. In this paper we report the current status of these services, the achieved results, and the issues that still have to be addressed. Analysis of Service Areas and Resource Needs. IGI - the Association for the Italian Grid Infrastructure - has been established as a consortium of 14 different national institutions to provide long term sustainability to the Italian Grid.

Its formal predecessor, the Grid. IGI plans to support activities in a vast range of scientificdisciplines - e. Physics, Astrophysics, Biology, Health, Chemistry, Geophysics, Economy, Finance - and any possible extensions to other sectors such as Civil Protection, e-Learning, dissemination in Universities and secondary schools. Among these, the Astrophysics community is active as a user, by porting applications of various kinds, but also as a resource provider in terms of computing power and storage, and as middleware developer. Decision Making in the Acquisition Community: This study aims to measure the validity and reliability of Turkish male breast self-examination MBSE instrument.

The MBSE includes ten steps. For validity studies, face validity, content validity, and construct validity exploratory factor analysis were done. For reliability study, Kuder Richardson was calculated. The content validity index was found to be 0. Kendall W coefficient was 0. The total variance explained by the two factors was found to be Kuder Richardson 21 was done for reliability study and found to be 0. The final instrument included 10 steps and two stages. Patients who have undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy because of duodenopancreatic injury are retrospectively evaluated.

Eight patients have undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy because of trauma in Ege University School of Medicine Department of Surgery. Six of the injuries were penetrating, and two of them were blunt. Six patients were male and two of them were female with a mean age of All patients had complicated duodenopancreatic, and associated grade I and grade II liver injuries.

Major vessels were injured in three patients. There were also two colonic, one gastric, and one jejunal injury as a coexisting pathology. Two patients were died because of sepsis. One patient had pancreatic, and one had biliary fistula, both healed spontaneously. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be practiced as a life-saving procedure in the management of severe duodenopancreatic trauma. Qualified centers with adequate experience have a higher success rate. Symptom management in Behcets disease. To determine the symptoms experienced by patients diagnosed with Behcet's Disease and how they cope with them.

Data was collected through semi-structured focus-group interview form. SPSS 20 and Nvivo 10 were used for data analysis. Of the 35 patients, 16 The symptoms affected patients' lives, and the patients used either positive or negative symptom management strategies, leading to either positive or negative results during symptom management. Behcet's Disease patients needed effective symptom management. Europa Small Lander Design Concepts. There is in addition strong community interest in a surface science mission to Europa.

The primary science objectives for either of these would most likely include: Surface imaging both microscopic and near-field , characterization of surface mechanical properties temperature, hardness , assessment of surface and near-surface organic and inorganic chemistry volatiles, mineralogy, and compounds , characterization of the radiation environment total dose and particles , characterization of the planetary seismicity, and the measurement of Europa's magnetic field.

The biggest challenges associated with getting to the surface and surviving to perform science investigations revolve around the difficulty of landing on an airless body, the ubiquitous extreme topography, the harsh radiation environment, and the extreme cold. This presentation reviews some the recent design work on drop-off probes, also called "hard landers".

Hard lander designs have been developed for a range of science payload delivery systems spanning small impactors to multiple science pods tethered to a central hub. In addition to developing designs for these various payload delivery systems, significant work has been done in weighing the relative merits of standard power systems i. A summary of the power option accommodation benefits and issues will be presented. Chaining to the Universe.

The recent explosion of recorded digital data and its processed derivatives threatens to overwhelm researchers when analysing their experimental data or looking up data items in archives and file systems. While current hardware developments allow the acquisition, processing and storage of hundreds of terabytes of data at the cost of a modern sports car, the software systems to handle these data are lagging behind.

This problem is very general and is well recognized by various scientific communities; several large projects have been initiated, e. These large projects either focus on a specific distribution aspect or aim to connect many sub-communities and have a relatively long trajectory for setting standards and a common layer. It provides an abstract scientific information layer which integrates distributed scientific analysis with distributed processing and federated archiving and publishing.

By designing new abstractions and mixing in old ones, a Science Information System with fully scalable cornerstones has been achieved, transforming data systems into knowledge systems. Key is the notion that information is intrinsic in nature and thus is the data acquired by a scientific experiment.

The new abstraction is that software systems guide the user to that intrinsic information by forcing full backward and forward chaining in the data modelling. Assessment of acute myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. To compare cardiac magnetic resonance CMR qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for the noninvasive assessment of myocardial inflammation in patients with suspected acute myocarditis AM.

Diagnostic performance was assessed for each method by measuring the area under the curves AUC of the receiver operating characteristic analyses. In all patients, coronary angiography did not show significant coronary artery stenosis. Qualitative and quantitative CMR analysis methods show similar diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of AM. These findings suggest that a simplified approach using a shortened CMR protocol including only T2-weighted STIR sequences might be useful to rule out AM in patients with acute coronary syndrome and normal coronary angiography.

Real Time Monitor of Grid job executions. Information is cached locally at a dedicated server at Imperial College London and made available for clients to use in near real time. The system consists of three main components: The RTM server queries the LB servers at fixed time intervals, collecting job related information and storing this in a local database. Job related data includes not only job state i. This decouples the RTM server database from the client removing the bottleneck problem caused by many clients simultaneously accessing the database.

This information can be visualized through either a 2D or 3D Java based client with live job data either being overlaid on to a 2 dimensional map of the world or rendered in 3 dimensions over a globe map using OpenGL. Worker nodes on the grid exhibit great diversity, making it difficult to offer uniform processing resources.

A pilot job architecture, which probes the environment on the remote worker node before pulling down a payload job, can help. Pilot jobs become smart wrappers, preparing an appropriate environment for job execution and providing logging and monitoring capabilities. However, in the simplest and most efficient pilot submission approach of identical pilots carrying the same identifying grid proxy, end-user accounting by the site can only be done with application-level information PanDA maintains its own end-user accounting , and end-user jobs run with the identity and privileges of the proxy carried by the pilots, which may be seen as a security risk.

End-user proxies are pre-staged in a credential caching service, MyProxy, and the information needed by the pilots to access them is stored in the PanDA DB. We describe the deployment, installation, and configuration of gLExec, and how PanDA components have been augmented to use it. We describe how difficulties were overcome, and how security risks have been mitigated. Evidence of a novel aggrecan-degrading activity in cartilage: Aggrecan catabolism in vivo was examined by Western blotting of cartilage that had been extracted immediately ex vivo.

The Grid community uses two well-established registration services, which allow users to be authenticated under the auspices of Virtual Organizations VOs. VOMS allows to partition users in groups, assign them roles and free-form attributes which are then used to drive authorization decisions. It implements a registration workflow that requires VO usage policy acceptance and membership approval by administrators. VOMRS supports management of multiple grid certificates, and handling users' request for group and role assignments, and membership status.

VOMRS is capable of interfacing to local systems with personnel information e. In this paper, we will analyze features in use by major experiments and the use cases for registration addressed by the mature single solution. Reassessment of fossils associated with the A. The Australopithecus afarensis partial skeleton A. The vertebrae were given provisional level assignments to locations within the vertebral column by their discoverers and later workers. The continuity of the thoracic series differs in these assessments, which has implications for functional interpretations and comparative studies with other fossil hominins.

Johanson and colleagues described one vertebral element A. Here, we reassess the species attribution and serial position of this vertebral fragment and other vertebrae in the A. When compared to the other vertebrae, A. Furthermore, we demonstrate this vertebra exhibits non-metric characters absent in hominoids but common in large-bodied papionins.

Quantitative analyses situate this vertebra within the genus Theropithecus, which today is solely represented by the gelada baboon but was the most abundant cercopithecoid in the KH-1s deposit at Hadar where Lucy was discovered. Our additional analyses confirm that the remainder of the A. This work does not refute previous work on Lucy or its importance for human evolution, but rather highlights the importance of studying original fossils, as well as the efficacy of the scientific method.

The next three decades of the comet assay: The International Comet Assay Workshops are a series of scientific conferences dealing with practical and theoretical aspects of the Comet Assay single-cell gel electrophoresis -a simple method for detecting DNA strand breaks. The first paper describing such an assay was published over 30 years ago in by Swedish researchers O. Appropriately, the theme for the meeting was looking to the future: The programme included 25 oral and 43 poster presentations depicting the latest advances in technical developments as well as applications of the comet assay in genotoxicity testing in vitro and in vivo and biomonitoring of both humans and the environment.

Open discussion sessions based on questions from the participants allowed exchange of practical details on current comet assay protocols. This report summarises technical issues of high importance which were discussed during the sessions. We provide information on ways to improve the assay performance, by testing for cytotoxicity, by using reference samples to reduce or allow for inter-experimental variation, and by standardising quantification of the damage, including replicates and scoring enough comets to ensure statistical validity.

After 30 years of experimentation with the comet assay, we are in a position to control the important experimental parameters and make the comet assay a truly reliable method with a wealth of possible applications. For permissions, please e-mail: An investigation of electronic states of some molecules and molecular cations using mass analyzed threshold ionization and photoinduced Rydberg ionization spectroscopy. Mass analyzed threshold ionization MATI experiments have enabled mapping of the n-dependent Rydberg state survival probability for a series of molecules. It was found that the widths of Rydberg manifolds for the molecules studied are quite different.

Hydrogen chloride and nitrogen have the narrowest manifold width, followed by benzene, and then oxygen. These varying widths are most strongly correlated with the angular momentum i. The MATI spectrum is vibrationally resolved and was analyzed with the help of ab initio calculations and other published results. Preparing transition-metal clusters in known structural forms: The first results are presented of a new experiment designed both to generate and characterize spectroscopically individual isomers of transition-metal cluster cations.

As a proof of concept the one-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization MATI spectrum of V3 has been recorded in the region of 44,, cm This study extends the range of a previous zero-kinetic-energy ZEKE photoelectron study of Yang et al. The MATI spectra reported here exhibit surprisingly high resolution 0. There is also some evidence in the spectrum of transitions to the low-lying excited state of the ion. The vibrational structure observed in the MATI spectrum is, however, significantly different to and less extensive than that predicted in the density-functional theory study.

Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed and an alternative assignment is proposed which results in revised values for the vibrational wave numbers of both the neutral and ionic states. These studies demonstrate the efficient generation of cluster ions in known structural isomeric forms and pave the way for the study of cluster reactivity as a function of geometrical structure.

Lessons from the Defence Experience. Guideline on Scenario Development for Distributed Simulation Environments Guide en vue du developpement de scenario dans le cadre de simulation distribuee. Collaboration between the Canadian Forces and the Public in Operations. CF might be the distribution of aid to those in need. Technology Insertion and Management: Options for the Canadian Forces. A, Platic Biand, Graln. ML , Lot No. Pleiotropic effects of methionine adenosyltransferases deregulation as determinants of liver cancer progression and prognosis.

Epigenetic control of MATs expression occurs at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. MATII ratios correlate negatively with cell proliferation and genomic instability, and positively with apoptosis and global DNA methylation. TM June Copy No. Le volet des menaces sous- marines porte. This illus trates a disturb ing fact Cerium oxides are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis due to their ability to switch between different oxidation states. We report here the mass-analyzed threshold ionization MATI spectroscopy of cerium monoxide CeO produced by laser ablating a Ce rod in a molecular beam source.

By comparing with spin-orbit coupled multireference quasi-degenerate perturbation theory SO-MCQDPT calculations, the observed band systems are assigned to transitions from various low-energy spin-orbit levels of the neutral oxide to the two lowest spin-orbit levels of the corresponding ion. The current work will also be compared with previous experimental and computational studies on the neutral species. Mais on sait la force du sens commun et le besoin pour les responsables politiques de nommer le mal. En guise de conclusion, il nous semble important de souligner trois cheminements possibles.

K igali Nyamirambo , le 12 septembre La courbure du dos que provoque cette action lui permet de bomber la poitrine. Il voulait avoir sous ses ordres des Blancs. Telle est la vie psychique du pouvoir colonial. Les orgies musculaires des transes? Sak also offers protection by binding and inhibiting specific antimicrobial peptides AMPs.

Here, we evaluate Sak as a more general interaction partner for AMPs. By comparison, lactoferricin and tritrpticin form moderately high affinity 1: Une vie saine et active: The weak connection between Russia's system of higher education and the labor market in Russia requires that greater attention be paid to preparing students for successful, employment. This will require more careful research into best practices, and the development of more effective links between employers and educational institutions. Specificity of Structural Assessment of Knowledge. This study examines the specificity of information provided by structural assessment of knowledge SAK.

SAK is a technique which uses the Pathfinder scaling algorithm to transform ratings of concept relatedness into network representations PFnets of individuals' knowledge. Inferences about individuals' overall domain knowledge based on the…. Victims of sexual assault are often advised to seek postassault medical care to have a forensic exam, which includes evidence collection termed a "sexual assault kit" [ SAK ]. After the exam, law enforcement personnel are supposed to submit the SAK to a crime laboratory for analysis.

However, recent media reports suggest that in many communities…. Stratigraphically above the West Sak sands there are two additional oil bearing sands, and are informally referred to by ARCO as the Ugnu and the horizons. Gas hydrates are interpreted to exist in the West Sak 6 well in conjunction with heavy oil and the physical properties of this oil may have been influenced by the gas hydrate.

Prior to this work, only experimental evidence suggested that hydrates and oil could exist in the same reservoir. Ceci expliquerait en partie la persistance de cette pathologie. Expression of recombinant staphylokinase in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Background Currently, the two most commonly used fibrinolytic agents in thrombolytic therapy are recombinant tissue plasminogen activator rt-PA and streptokinase SK. Whereas SK has the advantage of substantially lower costs when compared to other agents, it is less effective than either rt-PA or related variants, has significant allergenic potential, lacks fibrin selectivity and causes transient hypotensive effects in high dosing schedules.

Therefore, development of an alternative fibrinolytic agent having superior efficacy to SK, approaching that of rt-PA, together with a similar or enhanced safety profile and advantageous cost-benefit ratio, would be of substantial importance. Pre-clinical data suggest that the novel fibrinolytic recombinant staphylokinase r SAK , or related r SAK variants, could be candidates for such development. However, since an efficient expression system for r SAK is still lacking, it has not yet been fully developed or evaluated for clinical purposes. Results The development of an efficient large scale 80 L Hansenula polymorpha fermentation process of short duration for r SAK -2 production is described.

It evolved from an initial 1mL HTP methodology by successive scale-up over almost 5 orders of magnitude and improvement steps, including the optimization of critical process parameters e. Potential glycosylation of r SAK -2 was successfully suppressed through amino acid substitution within its only N-acetyl glycosylation motif. Conclusion The optimized production process described for r SAK -2 in. Multi-Mission Automated Task Invocation Subsystem MATIS is software that establishes a distributed data-processing framework for automated generation of instrument data products from a spacecraft mission.

MATIS embodies lessons learned in experience with prior instrument- data-product-generation software. MATIS is an event-driven workflow manager that interprets project-specific, user-defined rules for managing processes.

enno saks mati: Topics by www.newyorkethnicfood.com

It executes programs in response to specific events under specific conditions according to the rules. Because requirements of different missions are too diverse to be satisfied by one program, MATIS accommodates plug-in programs. MATIS is flexible in that users can control such processing parameters as how many pipelines to run and on which computing machines to run them.

MATIS has a fail-safe capability. At each step, MATIS captures and retains pertinent information needed to complete the step and start the next step. In the event of a restart, this information is retrieved so that processing can be resumed appropriately. The GUI would enable users to schedule multiple processes and manage the data products produced in the processes. Detection of novel recombinases in bacteriophage genomes unveils Rad52, Rad51 and Gp2. Homologous recombination is a key in contributing to bacteriophages genome repair, circularization and replication.

No less than six kinds of recombinase genes have been reported so far in bacteriophage genomes, two UvsX and Gp2. Using profile—profile comparisons, structure-based modelling and gene-context analyses, we provide new views on the global landscape of recombinases in bacteriophages. Unexpectedly, within temperate phages, gene-context analyses also pinpointed the presence of distant Gp2. All in all, three major superfamilies of phage recombinases emerged either related to Radlike, Radlike or Gp2. For two newly detected recombinases belonging to the Sak 4 and Gp2. Temperate versus virulent lifestyle together with the importance of genome mosaicism is discussed in the light of these novel recombinases.

Screening for these recombinases in genomes can be performed at http: Itkillik River spectroscopy data of samples from the following 4 wells: Sak 26, Toolik Fed 2. Relation of Knowledge and Performance in Boys' Tennis: Examined to year-old boys' development of knowledge structure and sport performance in tennis by comparing skills and knowledge of experts and novices. Experts focused on higher concepts and exhibited greater decision-making ability because of their more highly developed knowledge structure. Results of an Experiment. The Republic of Turkey has developed democratic support for equity in education for groups who have various learning needs Levent, , p.

In connection with Turkey's central policy of education, current educational applications have addressed these diverse needs to a certain extent. Sak drew our attention to the insufficiency of…. Developmental Levels of Processing in Metaphor Interpretation. Outlines a theory of metaphor that posits varying levels of semantic processing and formalizes the levels in terms of kinds of semantic mapping operators.

Predicted complexity of semantic mapping operators was tested using metaphor interpretations of children aged years and 24 adults. Processing score increased predictably with age. Investigated 17 custodial and 18 noncustodial fathers of abused or neglected children to determine: Being a Professional or Practising Professionally.

Work in Progress or Missed Opportunity? The Role of Knowledge and Expertise. Impact of Lactobacillus curvatus 54M16 on microbiota composition and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in fermented sausages. In MRS broth, Lb. Anti-listerial activity was lower during the production of fermented sausages with pathogen inoculation at levels of approximately 4 Log CFU g However, total inhibition of L. The use of the bacteriocins-producing Lb. Examines the possibility of using expert system tools for environmental data management. Describes the domain-independent expert system shell SAK and Knowledge EXplorer, a system that learns rules from data.

Demonstrates the functionality of Knowledge EXplorer on an example of water quality evaluation. Macrophages detect, inactivate and destroy infectious particles, and synthetic CpG sequences invoke similar responses of the innate immune system.

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A large number of immunostimulatory and inflammatory changes were observed. From centriole biogenesis to cellular function: Centrioles are essential for the formation of cilia, flagella and centrosome organization. Abnormalities in centrosome structure and number in many cancers can be associated with aberrant cell division and genomic instability. If destroyed, or eliminated during development, centrioles can form de novo.

In Drosophila, centrioles are not necessary for somatic cell divisions. These results show diversity in the need for centrioles in cell division. This suggests that tissue specific constraints selected for different contributions of centrosome-independent and dependent mechanisms in spindle function. This heterogeneity should be taken into account both in reaching an understanding of spindle function and when designing drugs that target cell division. Seismic data analysis of the Qasbat-Tadla Basin allows the deciphering of the main tectonic and sedimentary events that characterised the Hercynian orogen and its role in the basin's structural development.

The global tectono-sedimentary framework involves structural evolution of an orogenic foreland basin and was the source of rising geotherms in an epizonal metamorphic environment. The complementary effects of these parameters has led to different source rock maturity levels, ranging from oil producing to graphite domains. Different maturity levels result from three distinct structural domains within the basin, each of which exhibit characteristic geodynamic features tectonic contraints, rate of subsidence, etc. Redefining the "Normal" Worker: While the need to reconcile work and family life has been recognized in discrete ways in legislation and policy over the years, there has not been a substantial shift away from the archetype of the "unencumbered" male worker to a new model of the "normal" worker.

In Canada and elsewhere, legislative protection does not allow women or men to effectively reconcile work and family responsibilities over the life cycle. This paper examines the different ways in which work-family balance is regulated, with a focus on the Canadian federal jurisdiction and the province of Quebec, and underlines the need for coherent labor and social policy. The paper also explores the development of multi-stakeholder initiatives on work-family balance, including the development of voluntary standards and a proposal for a work-family "framework" law to ensure coherence among different laws and programs affecting work-family balance.

The paper concludes by confirming the need to move away from an individualized approach toward a more mainstreamed and collectivized approach to work-family balance. Hydrolysis of phenol lignin in forests and cultivated soils showed the predominance of vanillic units under forest and the early but moderate incorporation of cinnamic acids. Incorporation of syringic units appeared higher, related to a large maize production of stable syringic phenols. Syringic units represented a long-term marker of maize inputs in soils, whereas vanillic units revealed the degradation of forest organic matter.

Effects of different titanium zirconium implant surfaces on initial supragingival plaque formation. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of biofilm development on different implant surfaces. Biocompatibility was tested after tooth brushing of the samples via cell viability testing with human gingival fibroblasts. Both M surfaces showed significant higher biofilm formation than the other groups. All native samples depicted significant higher cell viability than their corresponding surfaces after biofilm removal procedure. In combination with the good biocompatibility, both modMA surfaces seem to be interesting candidates for surfaces in transgingival implant design.

Gold standard vertorcardiograms VCGs are recorded by using the Frank electrode positions. Our present study aimed to perform this essential validation. In general, when there is no specific reason either to synthesize VCGs with the inverse Dower matrix or to calculate the spatial QRS-T angle with Rautaharju's method, it seems prudent to use the Kors matrix. Copyright Elsevier Inc. A growing number of U. Testing older kits and maintaining current case work will be challenging for forensic laboratories, creating a need for more efficient testing methods.

We evaluated selective degradation methods for DNA extraction using actual case work from a sample of previously unsubmitted SAKs in Detroit, Michigan. We randomly assigned kits to either standard or selective degradation testing methods and then compared DNA testing rates and CODIS entry rates between the two groups. Continuation-ratio modeling showed no significant differences, indicating that the selective degradation method had no decrement in performance relative to customary methods.

Selective degradation methods required less personnel time for testing and scientific review than standard testing. Subunits of the Snf1 kinase heterotrimer show interdependence for association and activity. The Snf1 kinase and its mammalian orthologue, the AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK , function as heterotrimers composed of a catalytic alpha-subunit and two non-catalytic subunits, beta and gamma. The beta-subunit is thought to hold the complex together and control subcellular localization whereas the gamma-subunit plays a regulatory role by binding to and blocking the function of an auto-inhibitory domain AID present in the alpha-subunit.

In addition, catalytic activity requires phosphorylation by a distinct upstream kinase. In yeast, any one of three Snf1-activating kinases, Sak 1, Tos3, or Elm1, can fulfill this role. We have previously shown that Sak 1 is the only Snf1-activating kinase that forms a stable complex with Snf1. Here we show that the formation of the Sak 1.

Snf1 complex requires the beta- and gamma-subunits in vivo. However, formation of the Sak 1. Snf1 complex is not necessary for glucose-regulated phosphorylation of the Snf1 activation loop. Snf1 kinase purified from cells lacking the beta-subunits do not contain any gamma-subunit, indicating that the Snf1 kinase does not form a stable alphagamma dimer in vivo. In vitro kinase assays using purified full-length and truncated Snf1 proteins demonstrate that the kinase domain, which lacks the AID, is significantly more active than the full-length Snf1 protein.

Addition of purified beta- and gamma-subunits could stimulate the kinase activity of the full-length alpha-subunit but only when all three subunits were present, suggesting an interdependence of all three subunits for assembly of a functional complex. Peasant struggles and social change: While migrant labor is understood by local villagers as forming part of a continual battle to preserve local tradition and kinship ties, this article shows how it reduces the dominion of landlords while creating internal household differentiation and gendered hierarchies.

Heavy oil recovery process: Conceptual engineering of a downhole methanator and preliminary estimate of facilities cost for application to North Slope Alaska. The West Sak Upper Cretaceous sands, overlaying the Kuparuk field, would rank among the largest known oil fields in the US, but technical difficulties have so far prevented its commercial exploitation.

Steam injection is the most successful and the most commonly-used method of heavy oil recovery, but its application to the West Sak presents major problems. Such difficulties may be overcome by using a novel approach, in which steam is generated downhole in a catalytic Methanator, from Syngas made at the surface from endothermic reactions Table 1. The downhole reactor feed and BFW flow downward to two concentric tubings. The large-diameter casing required to house the downhole reactor assembly is filled above it with Arctic Pack mud, or crude oil, to further reduce heat leaks.

A quantitative analysis of this production scheme for the West Sak required a preliminary engineering of the downhole and surface facilities and a tentative forecast of well production rates. The results, based on published information on the West Sak , have been used to estimate the cost of these facilities, per daily barrel of oil produced.

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A preliminary economic analysis and conclusions are presented together with an outline of future work. Economic and regulatory conditions which would make this approach viable are discussed.

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Two ST59 clones are prevalent in Taiwan: In this study, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the representative strains of these two clones and found their differences to focus on three mobile genetic elements: The anti-virulent role of SAK was confirmed using murine skin and bloodstream infection models. The sak gene possessed remarkably different patterns of distribution among the different STs of S. The cellular antioxidant system is a target in the antifungal action of amphotericin B AMB and itraconazole ITZ , in filamentous fungi. Enhanced antifungal activity of AMB or ITZ was achieved when these drugs were co-applied with redox-potent natural compounds, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, thymol or salicylaldehyde, as chemosensitizing agents.

We concluded that redox-potent compounds, which target the antioxidant system in fungi, possess a chemosensitizing capacity to enhance efficacy of conventional drugs. Honolulu, HI 8. Incidence-severity relationships for scab on foliage and fruit of pecan. Venturia effusa is the causal agent of pecan scab, the most prevalent disease of pecan in the southeastern US.

Venturia effusa is currently only known to reproduce asexually, yet the genetic diversity among populations of pecan scab suggest it is a sexually reproducing pathogen. Analysis of the mati In vitro evidence for sexual reproduction in Venturia effusa, causal agent of pecan scab. Federal Register , , , , Szubin, Director, Office of Foreign Transgenic mice lines were created through strategic mati L'astronomie dans le monde.

The "Multidimensional Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale" MATIES was developed to effectively measure affective, cognitive and behavioural aspects of attitudes, within the realm of inclusive education that includes physical, social and curricular inclusion. Zero kinetic energy spectroscopy: For over 25 years zero kinetic energy ZEKE spectroscopy has yielded a rich foundation of high-resolution results of molecular ions.

This was based on the discovery in the late 60's of long-lived ion states throughout the ionization continuum of molecular ions. Here, an example is chosen from another fundamental system pioneered at this university. The MATI spectra of complexes 1 and 2 appear to reveal features arising from ionizations of the isomers formed by the rotation of one arene ring relative to the other. The 1 and 2 MATI spectra show two intense peaks corresponding to the 0 0 0 ionizations with inverse intensity ratios.

As indicated by the DFT calculations, the intensity ratio change on going from 1 to 2 results from different isomers contributing to each MATI peak. The 1 and 2 spectra show also the weaker features representing transitions to the vibrationally excited cationic levels, the signals of individual rotamers being detected and assigned on the basis of calculated vibrational frequencies. The MATI spectra of compounds 3 and 4 reveal only one strong peak because of close ionization potentials of the isomers contributing to the MATI signal.

This can be explained by an increase in the molecular zero point energies on methylation of the substituents. Characterization of oil and gas reservoir heterogeneity; Final report, November 1, June 30, The studies pertaining to fluid characterization described in this report include: Purification and characterization of the three Snf1-activating kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Here we describe the purification and characterization of the three Snf1-activating kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The identities of proteins associated with the Snf1-activating kinases were determined by peptide mass fingerprinting. These kinases, Sak 1, Tos3 and Elm2 do not appear to require the presence of additional subunits for activity.

Sak 1 and Snf1 co-purify and co-elute in size exclusion chromatography, demonstrating that these two proteins form a stable complex. The Snf1-activating kinases phosphorylate the activation loop threonine of Snf1 in vitro with great specificity and are able to do so in the absence of beta and gamma subunits of the Snf1 heterotrimer. Finally, we showed that the Snf1 kinase domain isolated from bacteria as a GST fusion protein can be activated in vitro and shows substrate specificity in the absence of its beta and gamma subunits.

Global analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exoproteins reveals molecules produced in vitro and during infection. Eleven known virulence-related exoproteins differed in abundance between the strains, including alpha-haemolysin Hla , collagen adhesin Cna , staphylokinase Sak , coagulase Coa , lipase Lip , enterotoxin C3 Sec3 , enterotoxin Q Seq , V8 protease SspA and cysteine protease SspB.

Mice infected with MW2 or LAC produced antibodies specific for known or putative virulence factors, such as autolysin Atl , Cna, Ear, ferritin Ftn , Lip, 1-phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase Plc , Sak , Sec3 and SspB, indicating the exoproteins are made during infection in vivo. We used confocal microscopy to demonstrate aureolysin Aur , Hla, SspA and SspB are produced following phagocytosis by human neutrophils, thereby linking exoprotein production in vitro with that during host—pathogen interaction. We conclude that the exoproteins identified herein likely account in part for the success of CA-MRSA as a human pathogen.

Nest survival of piping plovers at a dynamic reservoir indicates an ecological trap for a threatened population. In the past 60 years, reservoirs have reshaped riverine ecosystems and transformed breeding habitats used by the threatened piping plover Charadrius melodus; hereafter plover. We examined factors influencing daily survival rates DSR of plover nests at Lake Sakakawea SAK ; reservoir during — by evaluating multiple a priori models, and we used our best model to hindcast nest success of plovers during — Our observed and hindcast estimates of nest success were low compared to published estimates.

Previous findings indicate that plovers prefer nest sites that are low relative to water level. We found that elevation of nests above the water level had a strong positive correlation with DSR because water levels of SAK typically increased throughout the nesting period.

Habitat characteristics on the reservoir differ from those that shaped nest-site selection for plovers. Accordingly, extraordinary nest loss occurs there in many years, largely due to inundation of nests, and based on low fledging rates those losses were not compensated by potential changes in chick survival. Therefore, our example supports the concept of ecological traps in birds because it addresses quantitative assessments of habitat preference and productivity over 25 years since species listing and affects a large portion of the population.

Paired Insulators and High-Temperature Superconductors. In common with all condensed matter physicists of our generations, our way of thinking about our field was shaped and greatly inspired by countless seminal works of Phil Anderson -- a debt we are pleased to have the opportunity to acknowledge. In the end, we opted to highlight a single specific paper which greatly affected each of us at the time, and which has continued to exert a strong intellectual influence on us in the ensuing years.

Almost 40 years ago in Ref. This paper has been highly influential, but certainly does not rank among Phil's most famous works; however, focusing on it enables us to re-acquaint a younger generation with another of Phil's contributions, and to use this as a springboard to discuss some forward-looking extensions that continue to fascinate us Most of them encode accessory virulence determinants such as staphylokinase sak or enterotoxins.

Here, we analyzed the effects of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim on phage induction and expression of phage-encoded virulence factors by using isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis for which the induction of hlb-converting phages was demonstrated in vivo C. Matias y Papenberg, S. Treatment of lysogens with subinhibitory concentrations of either antibiotic resulted in i delysogenization of strains resembling the isolates picked up after chronic lung infection and ii replication of phages in the bacterial host in a dose-dependent manner. Ciprofloxacin treatment resulted in enhanced recA transcription, indicating involvement of the SOS response in phage mobilization.

In summary, we could show the induction of hlb-converting phages and a subsequent virulence modulation of the host bacterium by ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. The pathway by which the yeast protein kinase Snf1p controls acquisition of sodium tolerance is different from that mediating glucose regulation. In contrast to activation by low glucose levels, the salt-induced phosphorylation of Snf1p promoted neither phosphorylation nor nuclear export of the Mig1p repressor.

The mechanism that prevents Mig1p phosphorylation by active Snf1p under salt stress does not involve either hexokinase PII or the Gis4p regulator. Activation of Snf1p in response to glucose depletion requires any of the three upstream protein kinases Sak 1p, Tos3p and Elm1p, with Sak 1p playing the most prominent role. The same upstream kinases were required for salt-induced Snf1p phosphorylation, and also under these conditions Sak 1p played the most prominent role.

Unexpectedly, however, it appears that Elm1p plays a dual role in acquisition of salt tolerance by activating Snf1p and in a presently unknown parallel pathway. Together, these results indicate that under salt stress Snf1p takes part in a different pathway from that during glucose depletion and this role is performed together as well as in parallel with its upstream kinase Elm1p. Snf1p appears to be part of a wider functional network than previously anticipated and the full complexity of this network remains to be elucidated.

Peat extraction is an important industry in parts of Canada and elsewhere globally. The resulting disturbance from drainage and vacuum-harvesting is mitigated through best practices which now incorporate restoration intended to return the peatland's biodiversity and greenhouse gas GHG exchange to that resembling the pre-disturbance state. Within each pair, the extraction year was the same and the sites were treated identically post-extraction in terms of management blocking drains or leveling as applicable.

GHG fluxes have been studied at various points since restoration e. Strack and Zuback, largely using chamber measurements. The site now hosts a thriving bog ecosystem with Sphagnum, Eriophorum and shrub communities. A site 30 km away near Saint-Alexandre de Kamouraska SAK was managed post-harvest as BDB with drains blocked but was left unrestored and now has only sparse Eriophorum with invasive species. The second pair of peatlands represents a newly extracted site near Seba Beach, Alberta, Canada.

In the summer of , eddy covariance towers were installed at each location and measured NEE continuously at 10Hz throughout the subsequent periods. In this presentation, we will focus on the coincident years of operation. A summer sink and winter release lead to annual uptake of CO2.

At SAK , the lack of establishment. Conventional drivers of liking analysis was extended with a time dimension into temporal drivers of liking TDOL based on functional data analysis methodology and non-additive models for multiple-attribute time-intensity MATI data. The non-additive models, which consider both direct effects and interaction effects of attributes to consumer overall liking, include Choquet integral and fuzzy measure in the multi-criteria decision-making, and linear regression based on variance decomposition.

Dynamics of TDOL, i. Well-established R packages 'fda', 'kappalab' and 'relaimpo' were used in the paper for developing TDOL. Applied use of these methods shows that the relative importance of MATI curves offers insights for understanding the temporal aspects of consumer liking for fruit chews. Ephemeris f status minium or aluminium alloy on a metal by spraying, ES efemrides , pl americanas DE 1.

H6hentoferanz MI hot dipping, diffusion Identification and Quantification of Hydrocarbon Products in Effluents. Absorption spectra of the standa-rds in The coordination problems are discussed in the companion report [2]. The developed Agent and Multi-agent-based The resulting frequency Paul A K. Phys,, 15 2 , , , Ba , and M.

Tom has consulted for private, civic , religious, and community organizations. Presently, there is an apparent disconnect between how the U. Army perceives religion and the ways in which military officers are schooled The regular friction of social life manifests itself as conflict at different levels; interpersonal. OSU focused on the development of microscale enhancement technologies for improving heat and mass transfer in automotive hydrogen storage systems.

Furthermore, both strategres estabhshed promotrng democracy as a fundamental obJectrve. Low techrical risk 1. Part 1 - Background and Benchmark. Il examine les origines, la. Klp10A modulates the localization of centriole-associated proteins during Drosophila male gametogenesis. Mutations in Klp10A, a microtubule-depolymerising Kinesin, lead to overly long centrioles in Drosophila male germ cells.

We demonstrated that the loss of Klp10A modifies the distribution of typical proteins involved in centriole assembly and function. Remarkably, the cartwheel is lacking or it appears abnormal in mutant centrioles, suggesting that this structure may spatially delimit protein localization. Moreover, the parent centrioles that in control cells have the same dimensions grow at different rates in mutant testes with the mother centrioles longer than the daughters.

Daughter centrioles have often an ectopic position with respect to the proximal end of the mothers and failed to recruit Dplp. Auxin response factors ARFs in auxin signaling pathway are an important component that can regulate the transcription of auxin-responsive genes involved in almost all aspects of plant growth and development. To our knowledge, the comprehensive and systematic characterization of ARF genes has never been reported in Prunus sibirica, a novel woody biodiesel feedstock in China.

Additionally, based on the expressed data from fruit and seed development of multiple plant species, we identified ARF-correlated genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis WGCNA. And the major portion of ARF-correlated gene was characterized to be involved in protein, nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolic, transport and regulatory processes. In summary, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the structure, expression pattern and co-expression network of ARF gene family in P.

Summary Centrioles form centrosomes and cilia, and defects in any of these three organelles are associated with human disease [1]. Centrioles duplicate once per cell cycle, when a mother centriole assembles an adjacent daughter during S phase. Daughter centrioles cannot support the assembly of another daughter until they mature into mothers during the next cell cycle [2—5].

The molecular nature of this daughter-to-mother transition remains mysterious. Pioneering studies in C. Here, we show that Asl is not incorporated into daughter centrioles as they assemble during S phase but is only incorporated once mother and daughter separate at the end of mitosis. The initial incorporation of Asterless Asl is irreversible, requires DSas-4, and, crucially, is essential for daughter centrioles to mature into mothers that can support centriole duplication.

Asterless licenses daughter centrioles to duplicate for the first time in Drosophila embryos. Centrioles form centrosomes and cilia, and defects in any of these three organelles are associated with human disease [1]. Daughter centrioles cannot support the assembly of another daughter until they mature into mothers during the next cell cycle []. We therefore propose a "dual-licensing" model of centriole duplication, in which Asl incorporation provides a permanent primary license to allow new centrioles to duplicate for the first time, while centriole disengagement provides a reduplication license to allow mother centrioles to duplicate again.

Published by Elsevier Inc. Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird charadrius melodus using reservoir shoreline. Animals use proximate cues to select resources that maximize individual fitness. When animals have a diverse array of available habitats, those selected could give insights into true habitat preferences.

We used conditional logistic regression to examine nest-site selection at fine scales 1, 3, and 10 m during summers by comparing characteristics at nests to those of random sites within nesting territories.