Câncer e Prevenção (Portuguese Edition)

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Stage IIIB was the stage most frequently associated with tumour recurrence. Most metastasis occurred in liver, followed by lymph node and lung. Local recurrence occurred in nine cases.

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Most metastasis and recurrence was asymptomatic The remaining cases presented patients with abdominal pain 4. Most rectal cancer patients Of the rectal cancers, most In rectal cancer patients, diagnosis was made by total colonoscopy in Synchronous lesions were observed in Pre-operative biopsy revealed rectal adenocarcinoma in Of the patients, Pelvic magnetic resonance MR and rectal endoscopic ultrasound EUS were used in combination for local staging.

Post-operative histological staging was determined by two experienced pathologists and tumour staging was graded according to the TNM classification, sixth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer. Most patients with rectal cancer were stage IIA In 8 patients, post-operative histological stage was not determinate because the patients underwent surgery without resection ex. Most patients, 80 As previous mentioned, although no specific marker of lymphatic or hematogenous vessels was used, we documented that A total of 52 patients Follow-up time ranged from 2 to 7 years; Local recurrence occurred in nine patients.

Most patients with metastasis and recurrences In the case of symptomatic patients, the most frequent symptoms were a rectal mass 9. Overall survival OS was defined as time from disease diagnosis until death from any cause and Survival free disease DFS was defined as time from disease diagnosis until disease relapse; both were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method Figures 1 and 2.

When the patients were divided into two groups by location-colon and rectum-no significant difference was found between the survival rates of the colon cancer group and rectal cancer group; this was assessed using the logrank test Figure 3. Comparison between colon and rectum cancer survival assessed by log-rank test. CRC epidemiological data abounds in the worldwide literature, but in the case of the Portuguese population, this data is scarce and the existing studies are retrospective studies based in cancer registries but with little data that allows the characterization of the affected population.

In the developed world, CRC represents a major public health problem [ 18 ]. In Portugal, it is the second most frequent cancer and the second cause of death by cancer [ 14 , 16 ] and, although CRC epidemiological data abounds in the worldwide literature, this data is scarce for the Portuguese population. Braga Hospital, in the North of Portugal, has a reference area of , patients, but no epidemiological data exists in literature.

The Cancer Atlas 2nd Edition launched in Portuguese

Thus, we designed this prospective study to characterize the patients treated at this hospital, comparing with others of high incidence population studies. In this study, most of the patients , Except for the group older than 81 years old, CRC incidence was more frequent in men. Similar results to the ones of the present study were found in literature and the Portuguese Cancer Registry, with CRC being more frequent at advanced age and in men. The last results about Portuguese population document that CRC is more frequent in men, although when observing separately colon and rectal cancer, we found that colon cancer is slightly more frequent in women Similar results were observed in epidemiological Brazilian data [ 19 , 20 ].

Advanced age is the most significant risk factor for diagnosis of CRC, which is defined as a disease of elderly people, with the majority of cases arising after years of age and with an incidence relatively lower under 40 years of age. Early onset of CRC is assumed to be indicative of genetic susceptibility [ 22 ], often associated with a positive family history [ 28 ]. In some studies, such younger patients presented more advanced disease and more aggressive tumour grades at diagnosis and had less favourable prognosis [ 26 - 29 ]. Prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasms increases with age and is higher among men than women [ 18 , 25 , 29 - 31 ].

Cross-sectional analyses estimated that men reach an equivalent prevalence at a much younger age than women [ 30 ]. Several studies regarding CRC incidence have shown significant differences between colon and rectal cancer [ 10 ]. Some studies reveal that, in industrialized countries, CRC is more frequent in sigmoid colon and rectum [ 7 , 14 ]. Our study revealed that colon cancer was more frequent than rectal cancer This data are in agreement with the world tendency and similar values In literature, studies have shown conflicting results when comparing prognosis and localization [ 34 ].

Reduced survival in left colon cancer compared to right colon was reported in a Norwegian study from and Aldrige et al. In our study, the majority of colon cancer patients presented at diagnosis a localized cancer, stage IIA tumour; on the other hand, most rectal cancer patients were stage IV at diagnosis, supporting the results of the Norwegian study.

O conhecimento de mulheres sobre os métodos para prevenção secundária do câncer de mama

The literature also reveals that positive family history is strongly associated with CRC [ 10 , 25 ]. In our study, Knowing CRC natural history, we would expect a higher incidence of previous colorectal polyps history.

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It allows policy makers, researchers, and academics to fully assess differences in risk, burden, prevention, and treatment. The Launch was celebrated with two events in Sao Paolo and Barretos.

The Portuguese version will be disseminated throughout the Lusophone region of Africa as well as Portugal. A website for the Cancer Atlas is set up in parallel: The Portuguese version of the Cancer Atlas will be soon available for download here. For more information, please contact advocacy uicc. To watch a news report on the launch, please click here only in Brazilian Portuguese.

For us, it was so exciting to review the material, realizing how rich and inspiring is the content of Atlas, with objective and impactful information, in accessible language, using a beautiful iconography.