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6. Gender Imaging (Lehrbuch der radiologisch-klinischen Diagnostik) (German Edition)

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Praxis Rechtsmedizin von Burkhard Madea. Praxisanleitung in der Pflege von Ruth Mamerow. Praxishandbuch Angiographie von Gerd L. Programmierte Diagnostik in der Allgemeinmedizin von Robert N. Psychiatrie der Brandstiftung von Winfried Barnett. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie von H.

Psychopathologie von Friedel M. Psychosomatik in der Gastroenterologie von Gabriele Moser. Psychosomatische Dermatologie von Wolfgang Harth, Prof. Psychotherapie Ratgeber von Hans Morschitzky. Psychotherapie und Entwicklungspsychologie von Inge Seiffge-Krenke. PsyQM von Beatrice Piechotta. Ratgeber Herzinfarkt von Peter Mathes. Rationale Arrhythmiebehandlung von Thorsten Lewalter. Wirtz, Christof Rader, Heiko Reichel.

Schmerzdokumentation in der Praxis von Erdmute Pioch. Schmerztherapie bei Kindern von Boris Zernikow. Schmerztherapie der Halte- und Bewegungsorgane von J. Schwindel von Eberhard Biesinger, Heinrich Iro. Selbstmanagement-Therapie von Frederick H. Kanfer, Hans Reinecker, Dieter Schmelzer. Serotonin und akustisch evozierte Potentiale von Georg Juckel. Spezialgebiete aus der Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie 2 von Ulrich H. Spielsucht von Gerhard Meyer, Meinolf Bachmann. Springer Kompendium Dermatologie von Thomas Brinkmeier. Stimmdiagnostik von Berit Schneider, Wolfgang Bigenzahn.

Stimmtherapie mit Erwachsenen von Sabine S. Therapie gastroenterologischer Krankheiten von Wolfgang F. Therapie von Entscheidungskonflikten von Bernhard Mitterauer. Therapielexikon Dermatologie und Allergologie von Peter Altmeyer. Therapielexikon Neurologie von Peter Berlit. Tinnitus von Eberhard Biesinger, Heinrich Iro. Training in der Physiotherapie von Dietmar Seidenspinner. Tumorchirurgie von Michael Gnant, Peter M. Ultraschallfibel Innere Medizin von Harald Lutz.

Ultraschallpraxis von Alexander Strauss. Urinzytologie von Peter Rathert, Stephan Roth. Urologie von Richard Hautmann, Hartwig Huland. Vaginose, Vaginitis, Zervizitis und Salpingitis von W. Verhaltenstherapiemanual von Michael Linden, Martin Hautzinger. Verlust der Selbst-Grenzen von Bernhard J. Was ist Alter n? Wegweiser Verhaltenstherapie von Frederick H. Wundballistik von Beat P. Angewandte Mikrobiologie von Garabed Antranikian. Basiswissen Statistik von Ansgar Steland. Biologen in der Industrie: Biowissenschaftlich recherchieren von Nicola Gaedeke. Genetik von Jochen Graw. Grundlagen der Mikrobiologie von Heribert Cypionka.

Humangenetik von Werner Buselmaier, Gholamali Tariverdian. Methoden der Verhaltensbiologie von Marc Naguib. Molekulare Pharmakologie und Toxikologie von Thomas Efferth. Molekulare Zellbiologie von Gerald Karp. Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie von F. Physiologie des Menschen von Robert F. Statistik von Wolfgang Kohn. Das Statistiklabor von Rainer Schlittgen. Statistisches Methodenbuch von Helmut Pruscha. Transgene Tiere von Johannes Schenkel. Verhaltensbiologie von Peter Kappeler. Biochemie, Zellbiologie Taschenlehrbuch Biologie: ATPases by Anthony G. Lee Attention by O. Schat Basic Medical Endocrinology by H.

Singh Biological Psychiatry by E. Doran Bioseparation Engineering by I. Lantto Biotechnology Organizations in Action by J. Masoro Cancer and Autoimmunity by Y. Hayat Cancer Immunotherapy by George C.

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Storey Enzymes for Carbohydrate Engineering by K. Krauth Exploring the Thalamus by S. Underwood Eye Movement Research by J. Mason Food Biotechnology by S. Itabashi, MD, John M. Performance of proper imaging technique, and knowledge of specific injury patterns is required for accurate image interpretation by the radiologist, and serves protection of the child in case of proven abuse.

Posttraumatic radiological diagnostics of the cervical spine; Posttraumatische radiologische Diagnostik der Halswirbelsaeule. Mutze, Sven [Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin Germany. The objective of this article is to determine, for each available method, the indications for imaging as well as the associated possibilities and limitations. It furthermore examines the desirability of close co-operation with clinical colleges to avoid unnecessary tests while identifying necessary procedures quickly and effectively.

Individual cases are studied systematically and with numerous examples, and additional injuries, for example dissections of cerebral arteries and dural injuries, are highlighted. Excercises in diagnostic radiology. Uebungen in radiologischer Diagnostik. Diagnostic radiology in emergency patients as a supplement to anamnesis and examination has gained increasing importance in the last few years. Usually, the physician in charge has only few signs to go by when a patient is sent to radiology. The most frequent signs are pectoral pain, headache, dyspenea, etc. The cases in this book have been selected accordingly.

Diagnostic imaging in child abuse plays an important role and includes the depiction of skeletal injuries, soft tissue lesions, visceral injuries in 'battered child syndrome' and brain injuries in 'shaken baby syndrome'. The use of appropriate imaging modalities allows specific fractures to be detected, skeletal lesions to be dated and the underlying mechanism of the lesion to be described. The imaging results must be taken into account when assessing the clinical history, clinical findings and differential diagnoses. Computed tomography CT and magnetic resonance imaging MRI examinations must be performed in order to detect lesions of the central nervous system CNS immediately.

CT is necessary in the initial diagnosis to delineate oedema and haemorrhages. Early detection of brain injuries in children with severe neurological symptoms can prevent serious late sequelae. MRI is performed in follow-up investigations and is used to describe residual lesions, including parenchymal findings.

Trotz scheinbar leerer Anamnese gelingt es, typische Verletzungsmuster als Misshandlungsfolge zu erkennen, sowohl im Bereich des Skeletts, der Weichteile, des Abdomens 'battered child syndrome', heute: Den klinischen Symptomen entsprechend, wird im Verdachtsfall ein adaequates diagnostisches Verfahren eingesetzt, das erwartete charakteristische Befunde nachweist, den Mechanismus der Verletzung aufzeigt und das Alter der Laesionen annaehernd festlegt.

Radiologische Skelettbefunde werden hinsichtlich ihrer Spezifitaet fuer eine Misshandlung bewertet. Alle Resultate der Bildgebung sind zusammen mit Anamnese und klinischen Befunden zu deuten. Indikationen, Biomechanik, Typen und radiologische Kriterien. Rueckenschmerzen und eine signifikante Verbesserung in den disability scores. Die radiologische Diagnostik ist wichtiger Bestandteil der praeoperativen Abklaerung. Ausschluss von Spondylarthrosen, eines Morbus Baastrup und anderer moeglicher Schmerzursachen angefertigt werden, ausserdem ein MRT zum Nachweis des Wasserverlustes der Bandscheibe, Ausschluss groesserer Prolabierungen oder zur Darstellung von Aktivierungszeichen.

Die postoperative radiologische Diagnostik sollte Nativaufnahmen in 2 Ebenen und im spaeteren Verlauf Funktionsaufnahmen beinhalten. Eine ideal eingesetzte LBEP sollte im a. Bild mittig zentriert und in der Seitaufnahme dorsal nahe der Wirbelkoerperhinterkante abschliessen. Bei Fehllage drohen segmentale Hyperlordose und ungleiche Belastung mit der Gefahr der Einsinterung und der Migration. Radiological imaging of osteoarthritis of the knee; Radiologische Bildgebung der Kniegelenkarthrose.

Die demographische Altersentwicklung der westlichen Industrielaender prognostiziert einen deutlichen Anstieg der Arthroseinzidenz fuer die naechsten Jahrzehnte. Nach wie vor stellt die konventionelle projektionsradiographische Roentgenbildanalyse die einfachste und guenstigste radiologische Modalitaet bei der Beurteilung und Verlaufskontrolle der Kniegelenkarthrose dar.

Das Roentgenbild birgt zunehmend in zahlreichen klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Situationen signifikante Limitierungen, welche durch moderne bildgebende Methoden wie der Magnetresonanztomographie MRT und Sonographie ueberwunden werden koennen. Intravitale Knorpelbeurteilungen anhand spezieller bildgebender MRT-Methoden werden zunehmend in der Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle der Arthrose eingesetzt und koennten bei breiter klinischer Anwendung zukuenftig zu einem Paradigmenwechsel bei der Behandlung arthrotischer Knorpelschaeden fuehren. In diesem Uebersichtsartikel sollen die wichtigsten radiologischen diagnostischen Merkmale der Kniegelenkarthrose und deren radiologisch Beurteilung dargestellt werden.

Die systematische radiologische Beurteilung der Kniegelenkarthrose umfasst die Bestimmung der Gelenkkapselstrukturen, Synovia, Knorpeldicke, des Knorpelvolumens, eventueller Knorpeldefekte, des makromodularen Netzwerks des hyalinen Gelenkknorpels, eines Knochenmarkoedems, der Menisken und der artikulaeren Gelenkbaender. Moderne bildgebende Methoden wie die MRT und Sonographie sind in der Lage, die Schwaechen der Projektionsradiographie zu eliminieren und das Kniegelenk mit seinen knoechernen, knorpeligen, ligamentoesen und weichteildichten Strukturen detailliert abzubilden.

Die aggressiveren Varianten sollten in erster Linie mit Kombinationen aus Rituximab und Polychemotherapieschemata wie z. Diagnostics and therapy of spinal disc herniation; Diagnostik und Therapie des Bandscheibenvorfalls. Degenerative processes in a movement segment of the vertebral column, which can potentially give rise to herniation of elements of the nucleus pulposus, are complex and of variable clinical and radiological dimensions; however the mere assumption that degenerative changes precede disc herniation remains a matter of debate.

By definition, spinal disc herniation SDH refers to components of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus protruding beyond the dorsal level of the vertebral body margin through tears in the annulus fibrosus. Clinical presentation may include pain, paresis and sensory disturbances. In the majority of patients a conservative approach with physical therapy exercises and adequate analgesic and antiphlogistic medical treatment results in a substantial improvement of symptoms. Selbst die Annahme, dass Bandscheibenvorfaellen eine Degeneration vorangeht, ist keineswegs unumstritten.

Definitionsgemaess spricht man von einem Bandscheibenvorfall BSV , wenn das Gewebe des gelatinoesen Nucleus pulposus durch eine Dehiszenz im Anulus fibrosus ueber das Niveau der normalen dorsalen Begrenzung des Bandscheibenfachs hinaus prolabiert. Klinisch kann dies mit Schmerzen, Paresen und Sensibilitaetsstoerungen einhergehen. In der Mehrzahl der Faelle fuehrt ein konservatives Vorgehen zu einer deutlichen Besserung der Symptomatik im Verlauf.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus in adults; Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnostik des Hydrozephalus beim Erwachsenen. Hydrocephalus is caused by an imbalance of production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid CSF or obstruction of its pathways, resulting in ventricular dilatation and increased intracranial pressure.

Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and planning of treatment. This review article presents the different types of hydrocephalus und their typical imaging appearance, describes imaging techniques, and discusses differential diagnoses of the different forms of hydrocephalus.

Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. While magnetic resonance MR imaging is the first-line imaging modality, computed tomography CT is often the first-line imaging test in emergency patients. Osteopetrose - aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie. Full Text Available Unter dem Begriff Osteopetrose wird eine heterogene Gruppe von Krankheiten zusammengefasst, die durch eine pathologisch vermehrte Knochenmasse charakterisiert ist. Allerdings ist diese Therapie mit erheblichen Risiken verbunden. However, several pitfalls have to be observed regarding choice of technical parameters coils, sequences, imaging planes , tissue differentiation, and tumor staging.

When staging malignant tumors, critical aspects which have to be observed are tumor extension, integrity of the cortical bone, soft tissue components, infiltration of a joint or neurovascular bundle. The use of contrast agents provides important additional information but can also give rise to misinterpretations. Thus, all features of a tumor have to be observed in order to establish a final diagnosis. Particular difficulties can occur with the interpretation of MR images of osteomyelitis, osteoid osteoma, stress and insufficiency fractures, bone infarcts, myositis ossificans, hemangiomas, and aneurysmal bone cysts.

Zahlreiche Pitfalls finden sich jedoch bei der Wahl der technischen Parameter Spulen, Sequenzen, Schichtebenen , der Tumordifferenzierung und beim Staging von malignen Tumoren. Diagnostic radiology of the osteo-articular system. Bohndorf, Klaus [Medizinische Univ. Exzellenzzentrum Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz; Woertler, Klaus ed. Muenchen Klinikum rechts der Isar Germany. The book on diagnostic radiology of the osteo-articular system includes the following chapters: Radiologic diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with pulsatile tinnitus; Radiologische Diagnostik des Ohrgeraeuschs und therapeutische Optionen.

A pulse synchronous tinnitus is characterized by a rhythmic sound that is in sync with the patient heartbeat or respiration and can be perceived by the patient as a bruit.

Textbook of Clinical Radiology

Different from the more common classic and continuous ear sound, with pulse synchronous tinnitus one may often discover a pathological neovascular condition that can be diagnosed with medical imaging. This review covers the different conditions leading to pulse synchronous tinnitus and provides indications requiring preventive and active treatment to avoid potential but serious sequela for the patient.

Das Infektrisiko wird vorwiegend durch die begleitende Kortikosteroid-Dosis bestimmt. Modern imaging technology for childhood urinary tract infection; Moderne Bildgebung beim Harnweginfekt im Kindesalter. Imaging in childhood urinary tract infection UTI is still a matter of debate. There are established guidelines, however new knowledge and the changed medical environment have enhanced this ongoing discussion. These new insights have impacted therapy and consequently the imaging algorithm. Modern imaging methods - particularly MRI and modern ultrasound US - are less invasive with a lower radiation burden.

Additionally, it has been shown that VUR is a poor predictor for renal scarring out, which affects long-term results. Furthermore, the majority of UT malformations is depicted by prenatal US. The most crucial aspect of improving long-term outcome appears to be the early and reliable depiction of UTI and effective treatment to prevent renal scarring. This review tries to present this new knowledge and to discuss the potential of modern imaging. Recent changes in imaging algorithms are highlighted and an outcome-oriented algorithm that addresses these recent developments is proposed, without lightly abandoning established standards.

It consists of an orienting US and - for depiction of renal involvement - amplitude coded color Doppler sonography or renal static scintigraphy considered the gold standard, particularly for evaluating scars ; in future MRI may play a role. Based on this concept, only patients with renal damage as well as patients with complex urinary tract malformations or intractable recurrent UTI may have to undergo VCUG.

Zwar existieren etablierte Bildgebungsalgorithmen, insbesondere fuer das Kleinkindesalter; neue Erkenntnisse bzw. Aufgabenstellungen haben aber zu einer Aenderung des Therapiekonzepts mit Auswirkungen auf die Bildgebung gefuehrt. Zusaetzlich haben technische Weiter Entwicklungen das Potenzial der Bildgebung erweitert; v. MRT und moderne Ultraschallverfahren versprechen eine weniger invasive und strahlenfreie. Fair in the face: Moderne bildgebende Diagnostik beim Gesichtsschaedeltrauma.

Modern diagnostics of midfacial trauma are embedded in a diagnostic concept that is oriented to the therapeutic relevance for the individual. Critical analysis of the indicated and efficient radiological method in the acute phase shows that MSCT is currently the method of choice in the diagnosis of midfacial trauma. Besides extensive acquisition of data in the shortest time the possibilities of modern post-processing provide a three-dimensional picture of the often complex injuries in real time.

Other perilous injuries are often more important especially for the polytrauma patient. With modern scan protocols intracranial injuries as well as injuries of bone and soft tissue of the head and neck region can be diagnosed during a single examination. Radiology plays a key role for the economically oriented strategy of patient care. Rostock Germany ; Sonnenburg, M. Rostock Germany ; Scheufler, O. Frankfurt am Main Germany. An vier Fallbeispielen werden rationale Diagnostik und Therapie erlaeutert.

Vier Patienten stellten sich in der Ambulanz mit chronischen Beschwerden beim Kauen und Fremdkoerpergefuehl in der Tonsillenregion vor. Bei der gezielten Palpation unterhalb des Kieferwinkels verstaerkte sich ein in die Ohrregion hineinziehender Schmerz. Eine Lokalanaesthesie mittels Lidocain fuehrte bei allen Patienten lediglich zur temporaeren Beschwerdefreiheit.

Die dann durchgefuehrte bildgebende Diagnostik umfasste zunaechst Schaedeluebersichtsaufnahmen nach Clementschitsch sowie im lateralen Strahlengang und ein OPTG. Eine elektive Resektion bei lateral externem Zugangsweg von retromandibulaer wurde als Therapie durchgefuehrt. Die geometrisch korrigierte Addition der axialen CT-Schnittbilder ergab eine absolute Laenge von mm. Eine Ossifikation des Ligamentum stylohyoideum konnte unter Beruecksichtigung der bildgebenden Verfahren in jedem Fall ausgeschlossen werden.

Nach Resektion des Megastyloid waren alle Patienten vollstaendig beschwerdefrei. Als Therapie der Wahl gilt die Resektion des Megastyloid, wobei sich ein von aussen lateral gewaehlter Zugangsweg bewaehrt hat. Efficient radiologic diagnosis of pelvic and acetabular trauma; Rationelle bildgebende Diagnostik von Becken- und Azetabulumverletzungen.

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Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Radiologie; Rommens, P. Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Unfallchirurgie. However, the extent of their use will depend on local utilities e. Regarding the inaccuracy of conventional radiography in the diagnosis of injuries of the dorsal pelvic ring and of the acetabulum, computed tomography represents the most important imaging modality in the clinically stable patient.

CT provides an exact staging of the extent of trauma and allows for differentiation of pelvic instabilities. CT clearly demonstrates the severity of acetabular trauma and is superior in the detection of local complicating factors, i. CT findings provide the basis for definite treatment regimens of the injured patient. By extension of the examination, all relevant organs and systems craniospinal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary can be imaged during one session. The speed of spiral CT scanners and their diagnostic accuracy will play a major role in the management of, especially, polytraumatized patients.

The indication for angiography with the option of therapeutic embolization exists if a pelvic bleeding persists even after reposition and operative fixation of the injury. Art und Umfang werden bestimmt von lokalen Gegebenheiten z. Aufgrund der diagnostischen Ungenauigkeit der konventionellen Roentgendiagnostik gerade im Bereich des stabilitaetsbedeutsamen dorsalen Beckenringes und des Azetabulums schliesst sich beim klinisch stabilen. Commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is the cause of dyspnoe or loss of performance in the horse.

Tracheobronchoscopy, cytology of tracheobronchial aspirates, interpleural pressure measurement, and arterial blood gas analysis improved diagnosis of equine respiratory disorders. Yet some intrathoraeie diseases, especially chronic pneumonia, are differential diagnosis problems. Radiography of the thorax improves the diagnosis of pneumonia and some other intrathoraeie diseases. The technique of the radiography of the thorax is described and radiographic findings in horses suffering from respiratory diseases are evaluated. Tracheobronchoskopie, Tracheobronchialsekretzytologie, interpleurale Druckmessung und arterielle Blutgasanalyse verbesserten die Diagnostik respiratorischer Erkrankungen.

Dennoch bestehen Probleme hinsichtlich der Differentialdiagnose zur COB, und zwar insbesondere bei chronischen Pneumonien. Bone and bone marrow - nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of disorders of the hematopoetic system; Skelett und Knochenmark - nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik bei onkologischen und haematologischen Systemerkrankungen. Significant progress has been achieved during the last years regarding therapy of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic system by introduction of new therapeutic modalities like highdose chemotherapy, bone marrow and stem cell transplantation, interferon-therapy and others.

Diagnosis is still based on biopsy and histopathology of bone marrow. Imaging methods, however, provided by radiology and nuclear medicine, are now increasingly employed to give an additional macroscopic view over morphological and functional changes of the entire bone marrow. Bone marrow scintigraphy either using radiocolloids or immunoscintigraphy against granulocyte-antigenes may be performed as an alternative or an addition to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

Bone scintigraphy has been successful in the detection of additional bony lesions for more than two decades. Positron emission tomography using fluorine-deoxyglucose has recently been employed as a new and promising tool also for assessment of bone marrow infiltration in malignant lymphomas. Grundlage der Diagnostik ist nach wie vor die histologische Beurteilung des Knochenmarks nach Biopsie.

Ergaenzend spielen bildgebende radiologische und nuklearmedizinische Verfahren zur makroskopischen Beurteilung morphologischer und funktioneller Veraenderungen des gesamten Knochenmarkraumes eine zunehmende Rolle. Die Knochenmarkszintigraphie mit Radiokolloiden bzw. Die Skelettszintigraphie als bewaehrte Methode vermag zusaetzlich ossaere. Diagnostic radiology of thoracic diseases. The book on diagnostic radiology of thoracic diseases covers the following topics: Modern radiological postoperative diagnostics of the hip joint in children and adults; Moderne radiologische postoperative Diagnostik des Hueftgelenks im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter.

Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Egermann, M. The assessment of bone healing and loosening of endoprosthesis material was long the primary indication for postoperative projection radiography and CT imaging of the hip joint following trauma and endoprosthesis implantation. With the increasing number of joint-preserving surgery, e. In this review article, diagnostic imaging of the hip joint is presented following common trauma surgery and orthopedic surgery interventions.

The imaging modalities of projection radiography, CT and MRI including direct MR-arthrography are discussed with regard to their diagnostic capability in the postoperative assessment of the hip joint. Among others topics, imaging is discussed following hip arthroplasty, following surgical hip luxation and arthroscopic interventions for the treatment of FAI, as well as following core decompression for avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Moreover, orthopedic interventions of the hip joint in children and adolescents are presented and the dedicated reporting of postoperative imaging is outlined.

darmischaemie radiologische diagnostik: Topics by www.newyorkethnicfood.com

Radiological diagnostics of abdomen and thorax. Image interpretation considering anatomical landmarks and clinical symptoms; Radiologische Diagnostik Abdomen und Thorax. Bildinterpretation unter Beruecksichtigung anatomischer Landmarken und klinischer Symptome. Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie. The book on radiological diagnostics of abdomen and thorax - image interpretation considering anatomical landmarks and clinical symptoms - includes three chapters: Non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the hip in the adult.

Radiological diagnosis and staging; Die nichttraumatische Hueftkopfnekrose des Erwachsenen. Radiologische Diagnostik und Stadieneinteilung. MR-Institut, Abteilung fuer Osteologie. In recent years diagnosis, and in particular early diagnosis, of osteonecrosis of the hip has been much improved by modern imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging is widely accepted as the primary imaging modality for the early detection of this disorder and can help to facilitate the therapeutic management in later stages.

However, plain radiographs, bone scans and computed tomography are still important techniques, which cannot be avoided in most cases. This paper describes the relative values of the different modalities. The staging system used is the international ARCO system. Die Magnetresonanztomographie hat sich mittlerweile zur Methode der Wahl entwickelt und wird sowohl zur Fruehdiagnostik als auch in spaeteren Stadien zur Therapieplanung eingesetzt. Trotzdem kann auf die anderen Methoden wie Nativroentgen, Szintigraphie und Computertomographie vielfach nicht verzichtet werden.

Ein neuer Ansatz zur Bewertung von klinisch angewandter radiologischer Diagnostik und Therapie. Klinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Medizinische Univ. Over the last several years, the concept and methodology of evidence-based medicine EBM have received significant attention in the scientific community. However, compared to therapeutic medical disciplines, EBM-based radiological publications are still underrepresented.

This article summarizes the principles of EBM and discusses the possibilities of their application in radiology. The presented topics include the critical appraisal of studies on the basis on EBM principles, the explanation of EBM-relevant statistical outcome parameters e. Evidence-based evaluation of radiological procedures does not only address aspects of cost-effectiveness, but is also particularly helpful in identifying patient-specific usefulness. Therefore it should become an integral part of radiologist training.

Diagnosis and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Relevance for radiologic imaging and interventions; Aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des kolorektalen Karzinoms. Bedeutung fuer die radiologische Diagnostik und Intervention. Medizinische Universitaetsklinik; Pereira, P. With its evidence-based treatment recommendations, the guideline contains numerous updates and detailed definitions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of colon and rectal cancer.

In particular, consensus-based recommendations regarding early detection, preoperative diagnostic method selection, and the use of interventional radiological treatment methods are detailed. The guideline also includes quality indicators so that standardized quality assurance methods can be used to optimize patient-related processes.

The present article discusses the significance of the current recommendations for radiological diagnosis and treatment and is intended to enhance the quality of patient information and care by increasing distribution. Full Text Available Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan dan menerapkan tes diagnostik pilihan ganda tiga tingkat untuk mengukur pemahaman representasi grafik mahasiswa terkait esensi inkuiri sains dan materi optika geometri.

Instrumen tes diagnostik terlebih dahulu didesain kemudian disempurnakan selama proses, direvisi, dan digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan menilai pemahaman representasi grafik mahasiswa calon guru fisika. Instrumen tes telah dikembangkan untuk dapat mendiagnosis dan memperbaiki kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan calon guru fisika terkait dengan keterampilan mengonstruk grafik, menemukan kesulitan-kesulitan dalam membaca dan menginterpretasi grafik. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

Hasil studi menunjukkan pembacaan grafik dan keterampilan menginterpretasi grafik calon guru fisika masih belum memadai dan juga kemahiran dalam menganalisis grafik bergantung pada jenis grafik dan level atau tipe pertanyaan yang dikembangkan. The study was conducted using mixed methods and carried out with 83 prephysics teachers at a University of Teachers Education in North Sumatera. Test instrument was developed to diagnose and correct the mistakes made by pre-service physics teachers about construction graphic skills, difficulties in the reading and interpretation.

Ellbogen- und Handgelenksendoprothetik beim Rheumatiker - Richtlinien und Rehabilitation. An beiden Gelenken haben sich einzelne Implantate oder Designs durchgesetzt. Operationstechniken und Nachuntersuchungsergebnisse sind publiziert. Endovascular interventions for multiple trauma; Endovaskulaere Interventionen beim Polytrauma.

Speziell beim Polytrauma wird die Planung dieser Eingriffe wann immer moeglich nach einem praeinterventionellen Multidetektor-CT durchgefuehrt. Der Einsatz der endovaskulaeren Intervention ermoeglicht neben einer Verringerung des operativen Traumas auch eine wesentliche Verkuerzung der Behandlungszeit. Beim vaskulaeren Trauma am Stamm oder an den Extremitaeten, wo ein operativer Zugang nur unter erhoehtem Risiko durchfuehrbar erscheint, aber auch beim pelvinen Trauma und bei arteriellen Verletzungen parenchymatoeser Organe, die nicht gaenzlich geopfert werden sollen, sowie in anderen schwer zugaenglichen Regionen wie der oberen Thoraxapertur, ist die interventionelle Versorgung mittlerweile Standardmethode geworden.

Heute kann die interventionelle Radiologie in praktisch allen vaskulaeren Territorien in einem interdisziplinaeren Zugang neben der offenen chirurgischen Versorgung dazu beitragen, eine schnellere Stabilisierung der Situation herbeizufuehren. Abteilung Neuroradiologie; Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg Germany.

Neurologische Klinik; Schmitter, M. Poliklinik fuer zahnaerztliche Prothetik; Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg Germany. The radiologist must be familiar with the anatomy and pathology of the TMJ. Therefore close interdisciplinary cooperation between dentist and radiologist is necessary. Diese Uebersicht stellt neben MRT-Protokollen die Anatomie und die pathologischen Befunde des Kiefergelenks bei geoeffnetem und geschlossenem Mund anhand von Abbildungen und Graphiken systematisch dar. Bildgebende Diagnostik des Kiefergelenks gruendet sich auf eine standardisierte klinische und magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchung und erfordert eine enge interdisziplinaere Kooperation zwischen Zahnmedizin und Radiologie.

Diagnostic imaging of compression neuropathy; Bildgebende Diagnostik von Nervenkompressionssyndromen. Compression-induced neuropathy of peripheral nerves can cause severe pain of the foot and ankle. Early diagnosis is important to institute prompt treatment and to minimize potential injury.

Although clinical examination combined with electrophysiological studies remain the cornerstone of the diagnostic work-up, in certain cases, imaging may provide key information with regard to the exact anatomic location of the lesion or aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. MR imaging and ultrasound provide direct visualization of the nerve and surrounding abnormalities. Bony abnormalities contributing to nerve compression are best assessed by radiographs and CT.

Knowledge of the anatomy, the etiology, typical clinical findings, and imaging features of peripheral neuropathies affecting the peripheral nerves of the foot and ankle will allow for a more confident diagnosis. Eine fruehzeitige Diagnose ist entscheidend, um den Patienten der richtigen Therapie zuzufuehren und potenzielle Schaedigungen zu vermeiden oder zu verringern.

Obschon die klinische Untersuchung und die elektrophysiologische Abklaerungen die wichtigsten Elemente der Diagnostik peripherer Nervenkompressionssyndrome sind, kann die Bildgebung entscheidend sein, wenn es darum geht, die Hoehe des Nervenschadens festzulegen oder die Differenzialdiagnose einzugrenzen.

In gewissen Faellen kann durch Bildgebung sogar die Ursache der Nervenkompression gefunden werden. In anderen Faellen ist die Bildgebung wichtig bei der Therapieplanung, insbesondere dann, wenn die Laesion chirurgisch angegangen wird. Magnetresonanztomographie MRT und Sonographie ermoeglichen eine. Diagnostic imaging in neonatal stroke; Bildgebende Diagnostik des Neonatal stroke.

A cerebral artery infarction is an important differential diagnosis in the newborn with neurological abnormalities. Based on clinical data, its incidence is estimated to be 1 in newborns. Since the course is often subclinical, the true incidence is probably higher. Cerebral ultrasound and Doppler sonography as readily available screening tools play a central role in the initial diagnosis of neonatal cerebral infarction.

Definitive diagnosis is made by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Beside symptomatic anticonvulsive therapy, treatment aims at the prevention of secondary ischemic injury. Three term infants with different clinical courses of neonatal stroke are presented to sensitize the clinician and the radiologist for this probably underdiagnosed entity. The role of imaging modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal cerebral infarction is discussed.

Die Inzidenz wird anhand von klinischer Daten auf 1: Da der Verlauf oft subklinisch ist, liegt die wahre Inzidenz wahrscheinlich hoeher. Bei der Diagnosestellung kommen dem Schaedelultraschall und der Doppelsonographie als leicht verfuegbaren Screening-Methoden eine zentrale Rolle zu. Die definitive Diagnose wird, je nach Verfuegbarkeit, mittels Computertomographie oder Kernspintomographie gestellt. Die Behandlung ist neben der symptomatischen antikonvulsiven Therapie auf die Vermeidung von ischaemischen Sekundaerschaeden gerichtet.

Wir wollen mit der vorliegenden Arbeit anhand von 3 Kindern mit verschiedenen klinischen Verlaeufen eines sog. Neonatal stroke den Stellenwert der bildgebenden Verfahren bei der Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle aufzeigen und die Sensibilitaet fuer dieses vermutlich unterdiagnostizierte Krankheitsbild erhoehen.

Nuclear medicine pulmonary diagnosis; Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik der Lunge. The most important indication for ventilation scintigraphy is the prediction of postoperative pulmonary function, which is still performed in many hospitals with perfusion scintigraphy, and with which, in turn, intrapulmonary right-left shunts can be simply and also semiquantitatively recorded. The self-cleaning mechanism of the lung can be quantitatively examined using mucociliary and resorptive clearance.

The clinical areas of application are limited for methodical reasons. Wichtigste Indikation fuer die Ventilationsszintigraphie ist die Voraussage der postoperativen Lungenfunktion, die vielerorts noch mit der Perfusionsszintigraphie durchgefuehrt wird, mit der sich wiederum intrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunts einfach und auch semiquantitativ erfassen lassen. Die Selbstreinigungsmechanismen der Lunge lassen sich mit der mukoziliaeren. Diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome; Diagnostik des Schulterimpingementsyndroms.

Die 3 Stadien Einblutung und Oedem, Tendionpathie und Bursitis, Rotatorenmanschettenlaesion sind klinisch nicht einfach zu unterscheiden und zu quantifizieren. Die bildgebende Diagnostik spielt eine wesentliche Rolle zur Diagnose und Therapieplanung. Sie beginnt in der Regel mit konventionellen Roentgenaufnahmen. Damit werden indirekte Zeichen eines Schulterimpingements dargestellt, wie subchondrale Sklerosierung des Tuberculum majus, subakromiale Osteophyten und Formvarianten des Aktromions.

Fortgeschrittene Rupturen sind infolge Humerushochstands direkt erkennbar. Die Roentgenuntersuchung stellt auch Differentialdiagnosen wie die Tendinitis calcarea, Frakturen und Neoplasien dar. Als Zusatzuntersuchung fuer die Weichteildiagnostik ist die Sonographie geeignet. Sie stellt Veraenderungen der Rotatorenmanschetten und der Bursa subacromialis dar. Voraussetzungen fuer reproduzierbare Resultate sind allerdings eine geeignete Ausruestung und ein erfahrener Untersucher.

Die MRT ist wegen ihrer geringeren Untersuchungsabhaengigkeit und hoeherer Spezifitaet vor allem fuer chirurgische Therapieentscheide und die dazugehoerende Operationsplanung vorzuziehen. Kernpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines Sensorsystems zur medizinischen Diagnostik von Immunreaktionen. Als physikalische Grundlage dienen Senso Stabile KHK und Hypertonie: Goldstandard bleibt daher die Koronarangiographie. Imaging of chronic osteomyelitis; Chronische Infektionen des Skelettsystems. Domaene der Computertomographie sind Beurteilung diskreter oder komplexer knoecherner Veraenderungen sowie die CT-gesteuerte Biopsie und ggf.

Die MRT erbringt die hoechste Sensitivitaet und Spezifitaet bei derzeit optimalem Kontrast im Knochenmark und den Weichteilen sowie gleichzeitig hoher anatomischer Aufloesung. Exemplarisch werden am Beispiel der primaer chronischen Osteomyelitiden, der posttraumatischen Osteomyelitis sowie der tuberkuloesen Spondylitis und der Infektion beim Diabetiker die Befunde der Bildgebung und ihre Wertigkeit mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der MRT dargestellt. Highly specific methods are required for the diagnostic workup of focal hepatic lesions, since benign circumscribed liver changes are very common.

Although cross-sectional imaging techniques have a high diagnostic accuracy, radionuclide imaging techniques such as colloid, red blood cell, or hepatobiliary scan are commonly performed when a benign lesion is assumed since these permit a definite diagnosis with high specificity.

The diagnosis of a primary or secondary malignant liver tumor, however, usually relies on radiological imaging techniques along, supported by needle biopsy. Whether positron emission tomography as a primary or supplementary diagnostic tool will have a role in the routine staging of malignant tumors remains to be determined. Hierfuer sind radiologische Schnittbildtechniken grundsaetzlich gut geeignet. Wenn aufgrund der sonographischen, computertomographischen oder magnetresonanztomographischen Befunde eine gutartige Laesion anzunehmen ist, werden jedoch haeufig ergaenzend die Kolloiderythrozyten- oder hepatobiliaere Szintigraphie - ggf.

Bei malignen primaeren oder sekundaeren Lebertumoren hingegen werden nuklearmedizinische Zusatzuntersuchungen seltener angefordert, da der radiologische Befund, ggf. Inwieweit sich der primaere oder ergaenzende Einsatz der Positronenemissionstomographie im Vergleich zu radiologischen Schnittbildtechniken beim Staging boesartiger Tumoren bewaehrt, ist noch nicht abschliessend geklaert.

Radiological diagnostics of multiple myeloma; Radiologische Diagnostik des multiplen Myeloms. Robust and reliable imaging methods are required to estimate the skeletal tumor load in multiple myeloma, as well as for the diagnosis of extraskeletal manifestations. Imaging also plays an essential role in the assessment of fracture risk and of vertebral fractures.

The conventional skeletal survey has been the gold standard in the imaging of multiple myeloma for many years. These techniques are able to depict both mineralized bone and the bone marrow with a high sensitivity for myeloma lesions. Several studies have shown that cross-sectional imaging is superior to the skeletal survey in the detection of myeloma lesions and WBMRI has been shown to be significantly more sensitive than WBCT for the detection of focal myeloma lesions as well as for diffuse infiltration. A WBCT should be performed if there is suspicion of multiple myeloma. Radiological diagnostics of pediatric lungs; Radiologische Diagnostik der kindlichen Lunge.

Pediatric lung diseases are a common clinical problem. Besides the clinical examination and laboratory tests, imaging studies are the mainstay in the diagnostics of pediatric lung diseases. Thorough consideration of radiation protection based on optimized equipment also includes the protection of relatives and medical staff.

The high impact of radiation protection in children necessitates a different choice of imaging modalities compared to adults. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging MRI as adjunct or complementary imaging methods are of greater value than computed tomography CT. The suspicion of pneumonia is the most common reason for chest imaging examinations in children. An anteroposterior or posteroanterior view chest X-ray is sufficient in most cases and sometimes in combination with ultrasound.

The latter can also be used alone for follow-up examinations if the clinical presentation does not change. Additionally, ultrasound is applied to examine unclear structures seen on chest X-rays, such as the thymus or pulmonary sequestration in adjunct with color-coded duplex sonography. A chest X-ray is also the method of choice to examine the various forms of respiratory distress syndrome, such as wet lung disease or surfactant deficiency syndrome in newborns.

Recent technical advances, e. Apart from some indications e. Neben der klinischen Untersuchung und Laborparametern ist die radiologische Bildgebung eine. Diagnostic radiology on multiple injured patients: Muenchen Germany ; Kanz, K. The presence of a radiologist within the admitting area of an emergency department and his capability as a member of the trauma team have a major impact on the role of diagnostic radiology in trauma care.

The knowledge of clinical decision criteria, algorithms, and standards of patient care are essential for the acceptance within a trauma team. We present an interdisciplinary management concept of diagnostic radiology for trauma patients, which comprises basic diagnosis, organ diagnosis, radiological ABC, and algorithms of early clinical care. It is the result of a prospective study comprising over documented multiple injured patients.

The radiologist on a trauma team should support trauma surgery and anesthesia in diagnostic and clinical work-up. The radiological ABC provides a structured approach for diagnostic imaging in all steps of the early clinical care of the multiple injured patient. Radiological ABC requires a reevaluation in cases of equivocal findings or difficulties in the clinical course.

Direct communication of radiological findings with the trauma team enables quick clinical decisions. In addition, the radiologist can priority-oriented influence the therapy by using interventional procedures. The clinical radiologist is an active member of the interdisciplinary trauma team, not only providing diagnostic imaging but also participating in clinical decisions.

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Voraussetzung zur Mitarbeit im interdisziplinaeren Traumateam ist die detaillierte Kenntnis der wesentlichen Entscheidungskriterien, Algorithmen und Behandlungsablaeufe. Das hier vorgestellte interdisziplinaere Managementkonzept der radiologischen Diagnostik beim Polytrauma mit Basisdiagnostik, Organdiagnostik, radiologischer ABC-Regel und Algorithmen zur fruehklinischen Behandlung beruht auf einer prospektiven Polytraumastudie mit. Whole body staging stands at the beginning of the diagnostic algorithm in CUP syndrome to localize a potential primary tumor.

In der Ganzkoerperbildgebung hat die CT eine hohe Sensitivitaet fuer Tumoren, die haeufig als metastasierte Tumorerkrankung auftreten. Radiological evaluation of esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux disease; Funktionsstoerungen des Oesophagus. Radiological evaluation of esophageal motility and the lower esophageal sphincter has gained increased attention in recent years. Videofluoroscopic investigation of esophageal motor function is superior to static film radiography, as repeated analysis of the videotaped recordings is possible.

With emphasis on radiological techniques, normal esophagel physiology and motility and a variety of esophageal motor disorders are discussed in this review paper. Radiological evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and reflux esophagitis is described.

Clinical and radiological findings in esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease and the radiological efficacy compared to that of manometry and pH-metry are discussed. Die Videokinematographie ist hierbei der konventionellen Roentgenuntersuchung aufgrund der Moeglichkeit der wiederholten Analyse ueberlegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Uebersicht ist es, prinzipiell das radiologische Erscheinungsbild der normalen Funktion sowie diagnostische Kriterien fuer verschiedene Motilitaetsstoerungen zu demonstrieren.

Weiterhin werden auch die verschiedenen Moeglichkeiten der radiologischen Refluxpruefung zur Untersuchung der Funktion des gastrooesophagealen Sphinkters verglichen und deren Wert diskutiert. Die Pruefung der Funktion von Oesophagus und gastrooesophagealem Sphinkter als ein integraler Bestandteil der Roentgenuntersuchung der Speiseroehre verbessert deren Treffsicherheit, wodurch die radiologische Untersuchung die primaere diagnostische Methode bei Patienten mit Schluckstoerungen darstellt. Radiological diagnostics of malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system in childhood and adolescence; Radiologische Diagnostik maligner Tumoren des Muskuloskelettalsystems im Kindes- und Adoleszentenalter.

In the last two decades the prognosis of patients with such malignancies improved significantly. On the one hand because of the advances in chemotherapy and orthopedic surgery, on the other hand also because of the innovations in radiological diagnostics. The precise pre-therapeutical staging of tumors of the musculoskeletal system provides important prognostic information and has impact on the entire therapy management. During respectively after therapy, imaging is extremely important in the follow-up and in diagnosing a possible recurrent disease.

Modern imaging diagnostics of musculoskeletal tumors basically consist of conventional X-ray, of computed tomography CT and magnetic resonance imaging MRI , and of modalities of nuclear medicine such as szintigraphy, positron emission tomography PET and PET CT. In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten hat sich insgesamt die Prognose der Patienten mit solchen Malignomen deutlich gebessert. Einerseits aufgrund der Fortschritte in der Chemotherapie und orthopaedischen Tumorchirurgie, andererseits nicht zuletzt aufgrund der zahlreichen Innovationen der radiologischen Diagnostik.

Das praezise praetherapeutische Staging von Tumoren des Muskuloskelettalsystems liefert wichtige prognostische Informationen und beeinflusst das gesamte Therapiemanagement. Radiological findings, evaluation and treatment of patellofemoral pain after total knee arthroplasty; Radiologische Diagnostik , Beurteilung und Behandlung des patellofemoralen Schmerzes nach primaerer Knieendoprothetik.

Total knee arthroplasty TKA is one of the most successful operative procedures over the last decades in orthopedic surgery; however, some patients suffer from pain, limited range of motion, instability, infections or other complications postoperatively. Mainly increasing and localized contact pressure and patella maltracking are held responsible for PFP but the reasons vary. Diagnostics and therapy of PFP is not easy to manage and should be treated following a clinical pathway.

The authors suggest that patients with PFP should be categorized after basic diagnostic measures according to the suspected diagnosis: Efficient application of special diagnostic measures and further therapy is facilitated by this classification. Insbesondere der erhoehte retropatellare Anpressdruck und eine schlechte Fuehrung der Patella werden fuer den PFS verantwortlich gemacht, doch die Ursachen sind vielfaeltig. Diagnostik und Behandlung sind komplex und sollten strukturiert durchgefuehrt werden. Nach der Basisdiagnostik schlagen die Autoren daher eine Einteilung in eine der 4 Gruppen vor: Durch die Einteilung in diese verschiedenen Gruppen werden eine effiziente spezielle.

Diagnostics for diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract from the viewpoint of the internist and surgeon. Demands made on radiological diagnostics; Diagnostik von Erkrankungen der Gallenblase und - Wege aus Sicht des Internisten und Chirurgen. Anforderungen an die radiologische Diagnostik. Abteilung fuer Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Unfallchirurgie. Jaundice and colic pain of the right upper quadrant are the main symptoms of biliary diseases.

Gallstone-related diseases often lead to hospital admission. The evaluation of a patient with biliary symptoms requires a combination of history taking, physical examination, laboratory analysis, and imaging modalities. A high-quality magnetic resonance imaging MRI or computed tomography CT scan is usually sufficient to evaluate a patient with painless jaundice. Ultrasonography is helpful as an initial screening test to guide the diagnostic work-up.

Die durch Gallensteine verursachten Beschwerden und Erkrankungen zaehlen zu den haeufigsten gastroenterologischen Krankheitsbildern, die eine Klinikaufnahme erfordern. Die Abklaerung eines Patienten mit biliaeren Symptomen erfolgt durch eine Kombination von Anamnese, Medikamentenanamnese, koerperlicher Untersuchung, Laboranalysen und bildgebenden Verfahren. Der Ultraschall ist fuer die Planung der weiteren Diagnostik oft entscheidend. Der Stellenwert invasiver Methoden, wie z. Radiologic diagnosis of echinococcosis. Radiologische Diagnostik bei Echinokokkose. Medical imaging and laboratory parameters permit a reliable detection and differentiation of cases of echinococcosis.

Computerized tomography is a particularly valuable diagnostic tool here. In cases of liver infestation the resulting calcified foci are less readily revealed by magnetic resonance imaging than by CT, even though the former method has its merits in the diagnosis of concomitant vascular changes. In those cases, X-ray pictures of the osseous tissue show a light patch of a cyst-like appearance. Computerized tomography and nmr imaging are also able to visualize any soft tissue invasion beyond the limits of the diseased bony structures.

Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive method to detect bone marrow infestation. Radiological diagnosis of maxillary sinus aspergillosis. Radiologische Diagnostik der Kieferhoehlenaspergillose. Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinuses shows an increasing incidence in even otherwise healthy patients. Next to inhalation as the mode of infection, a dental root canal filling with an orosinusal fistula can be the cause.

As most infections remain initially undetected or underestimated as common sinusitis, early diagnosis must be achieved. Standard X-ray of the paranasal sinuses, conventional tomography as well as CT scans are of major importance. Centrally located hyperdense opacifications are a good criterion and can be best seen in CT. Even when the case has not progressed too much, radical surgery combined with Amphotericin B therapy is still the treatment of choice since the infection may progress rapidly.

COPD is a heterogeneous disease defined by expiratory airflow limitation. Airflow limitation is caused by a variable combination of emphysematous destruction of lung parenchyma and small airway obstruction. Only advanced emphysema can be diagnosed by chest X-ray. Less severe emphysema and changes in small airways are commonly diagnosed by computed tomography.

Typical visual appearance of pathologic changes in lung parenchyma and airways of COPD patients are presented, furthermore methods for quantitative assessment of these changes and the crucial role of imaging for surgical and bronchoscopic treatment in COPD are discussed. Radiological diagnosis in traumatology; Radiologische Diagnostik in der Traumatologie. This loose-leaf publication covers all radiological problems that may possibly occur in accident surgery. The focus is on conventional radiological diagnosis.

The physical and technical fundamentals of diagnostic examination methods are discussed, followed by practical hints on radiation protection, technical equipment and quality assurance, as well as accurate information on the procedure of taking and interpreting standard X-ray pictures. The indications for standard X-raying, tomography, CT and MRT are presented in consideration of the radiation exposure incurred by the patient.

The reader is also informed on the dynamics and varying morphology of bone fracture healing, potential disturbances of callus formation and reconstruction, as well as on possible complications. The main section of the book discusses injuries of the skull, spinal cord, pectoral girdle, upper arm, elbow and lower arm, wrist and hands, pelvis, hip joint, knee and upper and lower leg, ankle joint and foot, thorax and abdomen.

The diagnosis and treatment of non-occlusive gut ischaemia. Non-occlusive gut ischaemia is a disease of advanced age. Its causes are reduced cardiac output or shock, facilitated by digitalis, adrenaline, ergotamine and diuretics. The persisting microcirculation and development of gut necrois leads to an increase in certain serum enzymes, such as lactate, LDH and CK-NB.

The early application of mesenteric angiography using a DSA technique reveals four grades of under-perfusion. Early and correct diagnosis of the disease should lead to intra-arterial treatment with prostaglandin. In 10 out of 42 cases, conservative therapy led to re-perfusion of the gut. Radiological diagnostics in the clinical context; Pulmonale Hypertonie. Radiologische Diagnostik im klinischen Kontext. Pulmonary hypertension PH has a broad differential and the radiological task is to define and characterize the pathophysiological background.

The first part of the review is focused on the clinical categorization and specific features of the various groups of PH. Overall, PH is a rare disease and the clinical symptoms are non specific. Therefore, the disease is usually detected delayed. Each radiological technique, especially chest X-ray and CT, do show specific findings suggestive of PH, which will be discussed. Verification of the severity of PH is still a domain of invasive right heart catheterization. However, there are promising approaches using MRI to determine the pulmonary arterial pressure non-invasively.

Current methods in the radiological diagnosis of oesophageal tumours. Aktuelle radiologische Diagnostik von Oesophagustumoren. The presence of dysphagia can easily be confirmed or disproven on the basis of conventional X-ray pictures without thereby compromising the patients' well-being. Such X-ray procedures should preferably precede endoscopy, as any pathological findings thus revealed may provide clues to the use of the latter method. Double contrast procedures may yield very useful additional information in hypotension, while CT and MRT have their merits in preoperative tumour staging.

Radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of headache; Radiologische Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnostik bei Kopfschmerzen im Erwachsenenalter. Headache is very common and affects almost everyone at some point. It is one of the most common disorders that leads patients to see their physician. All different forms have the nociception via trigeminal nerve fibers in common. Beside the clinical course headaches are classified as either primary or secondary, with the latter having an identifiable structural or biochemical cause. Imaging has a low diagnostic yield in primary headache but play an important role in the differential diagnosis of secondary forms.

An overview of different forms of secondary headache is given, outlining diagnostic procedures and the morphologic imaging features of each syndrome. To present current data on diagnosis, indication and different therapy options in patients with cholangiocarcinoma CC based on an analysis of the current literature and clinical experience.

The diagnostic routine includes laboratory investigations with parameters of cholestasis and also serum tumor markers CA19 - 9 and CEA. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiography ERCP can then be planned, especially if biliary drainage or cytological or histological specimen sampling is intended. A curative approach can be achieved by surgical resection, rarely by liver transplantation.

However, many patients are not eligible for surgery. In addition to systemic chemotherapy, locoregional therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization TACE , hepatic arterial infusion HAI - also known as chemoperfusion -, drug eluting beads-therapy DEB as well as thermoablative procedures, such as laser-induced thermotherapy LITT , microwave ablation MWA and radiofrequency ablation RFA can be provided with a palliative intention. Patients with Klatskin's tumour present clinically unspecific symptoms such as painless jaundice and cholangitic discomfort.

The only curative treatment is R0 resection of the tumour. To allow stage-specific therapy, accurate tumour staging is indispensable, the first step of which is abdominal sonography. Biopsy using ERC is required before starting any specific treatment. If therapeutically relevant peritoneal carcinosis is clinically suspected although not radiologically confirmed, PET should also be performed.

For optimal treatment, close cooperation between clinicians and radiologists is necessary. Eine R0-Resektion ist der einzige kurative Therapieansatz. Um eine stadiengerechte Therapie zu ermoeglichen, muss ein moeglichst exaktes Tumorstaging erfolgen. Primaer kommt die abdominelle Sonographie zum Einsatz. Wird klinisch trotz negativem Nachweis einer Peritonealkarzinose eine solche suspiziert, sollte bei Therapierelevanz z.

Um den Patienten eine optimale Therapie zukommen zu lassen, ist eine enge klinische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Radiologen, Internisten und Chirurgen notwendig. Diagnosis of venous disorders; A challenge for the radiologist. Die radiologische Diagnostik von Venenerkrankungen; Eine Herausforderung. Limited accuracy in the clinic diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis VT makes such diagnostic tests such as duplex sonography or venography necessary. Exact information on the age and extent of the thrombus are necessary for the clinician to optimize the therapeutric management.

The correct diagnosis of calf vein thrombosis and of recurrent VT in patients with postphlebitis changes also has implications for treatment. After exclusion of thrombosis, the radiologist should evaluate the leg for other possible causes of symptoms besides VT. Investigation of the venous sytem also has a role in the diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. In patients with chronic venous insuffficiency the deep venous system should assessed for patency and venous valve function.

The superficial veins should be differentiated in segments with sufficient or insufficient venous valves, and it is also necessary to look for insufficiency of the perforrating veins. In patients with superficial phlebitis there is risk of propagation into the deep venous system. Radiology of the male breast. Radiologische Diagnostik der maennlichen Brustdruese. Mammographie, Sonographie, pathohistologische Korrelation. Diagnoses included gynaecomastia in 53 cases, pseudogynaecomastia in 9 cases, 3 carcinomas, 2 inflammatory lesions and 1 lipoma. Mammography and sonography can differentiate reliably true gynaecomastia from pseudogynaecomastia.

Gynaecomastia and especially inflammatory lesions may not always be readily differentiated from carcinoma. Sonography can be helpful by demonstrating hyperreflexive glandular tissue, whereas carcinomas are usually hypoechoic. Diagnostic imaging of skeletal injuries; Kindesmisshandlung. Radiologische Diagnostik skelettaler Verletzungsfolgen. Diagnostic imaging, besides medical history and clinical examination, is a major component in assessment of cases of suspected physical child abuse. Performance of proper imaging technique, and knowledge of specific injury patterns is required for accurate image interpretation by the radiologist, and serves protection of the child in case of proven abuse.

On the other side, it is essential to protect the family in unjustified accusations. The reader will be familiarised with essentials of the topic 'Physical child abuse', in order to be able to correctly assess quality, completeness, and results of X-ray films. Moreover, opportunities and limitations of alternative diagnostic modalities will be discussed. Posttraumatic radiological diagnostics of the cervical spine; Posttraumatische radiologische Diagnostik der Halswirbelsaeule. Mutze, Sven [Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin Germany.

The objective of this article is to determine, for each available method, the indications for imaging as well as the associated possibilities and limitations. It furthermore examines the desirability of close co-operation with clinical colleges to avoid unnecessary tests while identifying necessary procedures quickly and effectively. Individual cases are studied systematically and with numerous examples, and additional injuries, for example dissections of cerebral arteries and dural injuries, are highlighted.

Excercises in diagnostic radiology. Uebungen in radiologischer Diagnostik. Diagnostic radiology in emergency patients as a supplement to anamnesis and examination has gained increasing importance in the last few years. Usually, the physician in charge has only few signs to go by when a patient is sent to radiology. The most frequent signs are pectoral pain, headache, dyspenea, etc. The cases in this book have been selected accordingly.

Although the names have been invented the case histories presented have not been greatly changed. The original 'negatives' of the anamnesis are not presented in most cases as they would have taken up too much space. No important information has been omitted. A typical and unusual cases are characterized as such. Diagnostic imaging in child abuse; Bildgebende Diagnostik der Kindesmisshandlung. Diagnostic imaging in child abuse plays an important role and includes the depiction of skeletal injuries, soft tissue lesions, visceral injuries in 'battered child syndrome' and brain injuries in 'shaken baby syndrome'.

The use of appropriate imaging modalities allows specific fractures to be detected, skeletal lesions to be dated and the underlying mechanism of the lesion to be described. The imaging results must be taken into account when assessing the clinical history, clinical findings and differential diagnoses. Computed tomography CT and magnetic resonance imaging MRI examinations must be performed in order to detect lesions of the central nervous system CNS immediately. CT is necessary in the initial diagnosis to delineate oedema and haemorrhages.

Early detection of brain injuries in children with severe neurological symptoms can prevent serious late sequelae. MRI is performed in follow-up investigations and is used to describe residual lesions, including parenchymal findings. Trotz scheinbar leerer Anamnese gelingt es, typische Verletzungsmuster als Misshandlungsfolge zu erkennen, sowohl im Bereich des Skeletts, der Weichteile, des Abdomens 'battered child syndrome', heute: Den klinischen Symptomen entsprechend, wird im Verdachtsfall ein adaequates diagnostisches Verfahren eingesetzt, das erwartete charakteristische Befunde nachweist, den Mechanismus der Verletzung aufzeigt und das Alter der Laesionen annaehernd festlegt.

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Aktuelle Diagnostik der kindlichen Harninkontinenz. Directory of Open Access Journals Sweden. Auch eine Komedikation mit Ritalin wegen Aufmerksamkeits-Defizitsyndrom findet sich zunehmend. Radiological imaging of osteoarthritis of the knee; Radiologische Bildgebung der Kniegelenkarthrose.

In diesem Uebersichtsartikel sollen die wichtigsten radiologischen diagnostischen Merkmale der Kniegelenkarthrose und deren radiologisch Beurteilung dargestellt werden. Die systematische radiologische Beurteilung der Kniegelenkarthrose umfasst die Bestimmung der Gelenkkapselstrukturen, Synovia, Knorpeldicke, des Knorpelvolumens, eventueller Knorpeldefekte, des makromodularen Netzwerks des hyalinen Gelenkknorpels, eines Knochenmarkoedems, der Menisken und der artikulaeren Gelenkbaender.

Moderne bildgebende Methoden wie die MRT und Sonographie sind in der Lage, die Schwaechen der Projektionsradiographie zu eliminieren und das Kniegelenk mit seinen knoechernen, knorpeligen, ligamentoesen und weichteildichten Strukturen detailliert abzubilden. Diagnostic evaluatuin of gastrointestinal tumors; Diagnostik bei Tumoren im Gastrointestinaltrakt.

Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin. In such cases a PET scan may be helpful. PET seems to be more accurate in this respect, too. Auch die Differenzierung eines Lokalrezidivs von postoperativer Narbenbildung, z. Lebertumoren sollten primaer sonographisch und bei fraglicher Dignitaet anschliessend mittels MRT untersucht werden. In der Differentialdiagnostik von unklaren Leberherden ist die nuklearmedizinische Rezeptorszintigraphie wegweisend.

Ergeben die vorgeschalteten Untersuchungen den Verdacht auf einen malignen Prozess, sollte zusaetzlich eine CT-Arterioportographie durchgefuehrt werden, da dieses. Diagnostics and therapy of spinal disc herniation; Diagnostik und Therapie des Bandscheibenvorfalls. Degenerative processes in a movement segment of the vertebral column, which can potentially give rise to herniation of elements of the nucleus pulposus, are complex and of variable clinical and radiological dimensions; however the mere assumption that degenerative changes precede disc herniation remains a matter of debate.

Selbst die Annahme, dass Bandscheibenvorfaellen eine Degeneration vorangeht, ist keineswegs unumstritten. Definitionsgemaess spricht man von einem Bandscheibenvorfall BSV , wenn das Gewebe des gelatinoesen Nucleus pulposus durch eine Dehiszenz im Anulus fibrosus ueber das Niveau der normalen dorsalen Begrenzung des Bandscheibenfachs hinaus prolabiert.

Klinisch kann dies mit Schmerzen, Paresen und Sensibilitaetsstoerungen einhergehen. In der Mehrzahl der Faelle fuehrt ein konservatives Vorgehen zu einer deutlichen Besserung der Symptomatik im Verlauf. Pediatric radiological diagnostics in suspected child abuse; Kinderradiologische Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf Kindesmisshandlung. Advanced and specialized radiological diagnostics are essential in the case of clinical suspicion of pediatric injuries to the head, thorax, abdomen, and extremities when there is no case history or when ''battered child syndrome'' is assumed on the basis of inadequate trauma.

In particular, the aim of this sophisticated diagnostic procedure is the detection of lesions of the central nervous system CNS in order to initiate prompt medical treatment. If diagnostic imaging shows typical findings of child abuse, accurate documented evidence of the diagnostic results is required to prevent further endangerment of the child's welfare.

Diese soll insbesondere im Bereich des ZNS Verletzungsfolgen erfassen, um therapeutische Massnahmen einleiten zu koennen. Bei typischen, auf eine Misshandlung hinweisenden radiologischen Befunden ist eine praezise beweissichere Befunddokumentation erforderlich, um eine weitere Kindeswohlgefaehrdung zu vermeiden.

Radiologic diagnostics of dementia; Radiologische Demenzdiagnostik. Dementia is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population and is getting more and more important with the ageing of the population. A radiologic structural examination with CT or MRI is meanwhile a standard procedure in the diagnostic work up of patients with dementia syndrome.

Radiology enables an early diagnosis and a differential diagnosis between different causes of dementia. Because structural changes occur only late in the disease process, a more detailed structural analysis using volumetric techniques or the use of functional imaging techniques is mandatory. These days, structural imaging uses MRI which enables to detect early atrophic changes at the medial temporal lobe with focus on the amygdala hippocampal complex.

These changes are also present in the normal ageing process. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, however, they are more rapid and more pronounced. The article gives an overview of the current status of structural imaging and an outlook into the potential of functional imaging methods. Detailed results of structural and functional imaging are presented in other articles of this issue. Sie dient der Frueherkennung und der Differenzialdiagnostik der verschiedenen Ursachen einer Demenz. Dies gilt insbesondere in Hinblick auf zu erwartende und bereits vorhandene Therapiemoeglichkeiten.

Da jedoch strukturelle Veraenderungen erst relativ spaet im Fortschreiten der Erkrankung visualisiert werden koennen, sind detaillierte strukturelle. Diagnostic radiology of the osteo-articular system. Bohndorf, Klaus [Medizinische Univ. Exzellenzzentrum Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz; Woertler, Klaus ed. Muenchen Klinikum rechts der Isar Germany. The book on diagnostic radiology of the osteo-articular system includes the following chapters: Radiologic diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with pulsatile tinnitus; Radiologische Diagnostik des Ohrgeraeuschs und therapeutische Optionen.

A pulse synchronous tinnitus is characterized by a rhythmic sound that is in sync with the patient heartbeat or respiration and can be perceived by the patient as a bruit. Different from the more common classic and continuous ear sound, with pulse synchronous tinnitus one may often discover a pathological neovascular condition that can be diagnosed with medical imaging.