Four Years For The Rhino

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Call us Email us. The greater one-horned rhino's horn is 8 to 24 inches 20 to 61 cm , and Javan rhinos have a horn that is about 10 inches 25 cm long. The largest rhino species is the white rhino, according to the San Diego Zoo. It grows to 12 to 13 feet 3. It weighs around 5, lbs. The smallest rhino species is the Sumatran rhino. It grows to 8 to 10 feet 2.

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The Sumatran rhino weighs around 1, lbs. White rhinos and black rhinos live in the grasslands and floodplains of eastern and southern Africa. Greater one-horned rhinos can be found in the swamps and rain forests of northern India and southern Nepal. Sumatran and Javan rhinos are found only in small areas of Malaysian and Indonesian swamps and rain forests. Rhinos spend their days and nights grazing and only sleep during the hottest parts of the day. During the rare times when they aren't eating, they can be found enjoying a cooling mud soak. These soaks also help to protect the animals from bugs, and the mud is a natural sunblock, according to National Geographic.

Though rhinos are often solitary, they do occasionally form groups. Called crashes, these groups are made up of a female and her offspring. A dominant male rules over an area of land. The male will allow some sub-dominate males to live on his territory. Females roam freely around several different territories.

Rhinoceroses are herbivores, which means they eat only vegetation.

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The type of vegetation they eat varies by species. This is because their snouts are different shapes to accommodate different types of food, according to National Geographic. For example, the black rhino eats trees or bushes because its long lips allow it to pick leaves and fruit from up high. The white rhino has a flat-shaped snout that lets it get closer to the ground for eating grass. Every two and a half to five years, a female rhino will reproduce. Female rhinos carry their young for a gestation period of 15 to 16 months.

They usually only have one baby at a time, though they do sometimes have twins. At birth, baby rhinos, which are called calves, are still quite big, at 88 to lbs.

They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls , the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their lips to pluck food. Rhinoceros are killed by some humans for their horns , which are bought and sold on the black market , and used by some cultures for ornaments or traditional medicine.

East Asia, specifically Vietnam , is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the black market. People grind up the horns and consume them, believing the dust has therapeutic properties. The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek: The plural in English is rhinoceros or rhinoceroses. The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is crash or herd.

The name has been in use since the 14th century. The family Rhinocerotidae consists of only four extant genera: The living species fall into three categories. The two African species, the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros , belong to the tribe Dicerotini, which originated in the middle Miocene , about The species diverged during the early Pliocene about 5 million years ago. The main difference between black and white rhinos is the shape of their mouths — white rhinos have broad flat lips for grazing, whereas black rhinos have long pointed lips for eating foliage.

There are two living Rhinocerotini species, the Indian rhinoceros and the Javan rhinoceros , which diverged from one another about 10 million years ago. The Sumatran rhinoceros is the only surviving representative of the most primitive group, the Dicerorhinini, which emerged in the Miocene about 20 million years ago. A subspecific hybrid white rhino Ceratotherium s. Interspecific hybridisation of black and white rhinoceros has also been confirmed. While the black rhinoceros has 84 chromosomes diploid number, 2N, per cell , all other rhinoceros species have 82 chromosomes.

However, chromosomal polymorphism might lead to varying chromosome counts. For instance, in a study there were three northern white rhinoceroses with 81 chromosomes. There are two subspecies of white rhinoceros: As of , the southern subspecies has a wild population of 20, — making them the most abundant rhino subspecies in the world. However, the northern subspecies is critically endangered, with all that is known to remain being two captive females.

There is no conclusive explanation of the name "white rhinoceros". A popular idea that "white" is a distortion of either the Afrikaans word wyd or the Dutch word wijd or its other possible spellings whyde , weit , etc. The white rhino has an immense body and large head, a short neck and broad chest.

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The head-and-body length is 3. On its snout it has two horns. The white rhinoceros also has a prominent muscular hump that supports its relatively large head. The colour of this animal can range from yellowish brown to slate grey. Most of its body hair is found on the ear fringes and tail bristles, with the rest distributed rather sparsely over the rest of the body.

White rhinos have the distinctive flat broad mouth that is used for grazing. The name "black rhinoceros" Diceros bicornis was chosen to distinguish this species from the white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum. This can be confusing, as the two species are not truly distinguishable by color. There are four subspecies of black rhino: South-central Diceros bicornis minor , the most numerous, which once ranged from central Tanzania south through Zambia , Zimbabwe and Mozambique to northern and eastern South Africa ; South-western Diceros bicornis occidentalis which are better adapted to the arid and semi-arid savannas of Namibia , southern Angola , western Botswana and western South Africa; East African Diceros bicornis michaeli , primarily in Tanzania ; and West African Diceros bicornis longipes which was declared extinct in November An adult black rhinoceros stands 1.

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Sometimes, a third smaller horn may develop. During the latter half of the 20th century, their numbers were severely reduced from an estimated 70, [16] in the late s to a record low of 2, in Since then, numbers have been steadily increasing at a continental level with numbers doubling to 4, by the end of Its thick, silver-brown skin folds into the shoulder, back, and rump, giving it an armored appearance. Its upper legs and shoulders are covered in wart -like bumps, and it has very little body hair.

Shoulder height is 1. Indian rhinos once inhabited many areas ranging from Pakistan to Myanmar and maybe even parts of China. However, because of human influence, they now exist in only several protected areas of India in Assam , West Bengal , and a few pairs in Uttar Pradesh and Nepal , plus a few pairs in Lal Suhanra National Park in Pakistan. They are confined to the tall grasslands and forests in the foothills of the Himalayas. Two-thirds of the world's Indian rhinoceroses are now confined to the Kaziranga National Park situated in the Golaghat district of Assam , India.

The Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus is one of the most endangered large mammals in the world. It is also the least known rhino species. Like the closely related, and larger, Indian rhinoceros , the Javan rhino has a single horn. Its hairless, hazy gray skin falls into folds into the shoulder, back, and rump, giving it an armored appearance.

Its length reaches 3.

Though once widespread throughout Asia, by the s they were nearly hunted to extinction in Nepal , India , Burma , Peninsular Malaysia , and Sumatra for the supposed medical powers of their horns and blood. The last known Javan rhino in Vietnam was reportedly killed for its horn in by Vietnamese poachers. Now only Java contains the last Javan rhinos. The Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is the smallest extant rhinoceros species, as well as the one with the most hair. It can be found at very high altitudes in Borneo and Sumatra. Due to habitat loss and poaching , their numbers have declined and it has become the most threatened rhinoceros.

About Sumatran rhinos are believed to remain. There are three subspecies of Sumatran rhinoceros: A mature rhino typically stands about 1. Like the African species, it has two horns; the larger is the front 25—79 centimetres 9. Males have much larger horns than the females.

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Hair can range from dense the densest hair in young calves to sparse. The color of these rhinos is reddish brown. The body is short and has stubby legs.



The lip is prehensile. Sumatran rhinoceros are on the verge of extinction due to loss of habitat and illegal hunting. Once they were spread across South-east Asia, but now they are confined to several parts of Indonesia and Malaysia due to reproductive isolation. There were D. It has been found through DNA comparison that the Sumatran rhinoceros is the most ancient extant rhinoceros and related to the extinct Eurasian woolly rhino species, Coelodonta.

In Alan Rabinowitz publicly denounced governments, NGOs, and other institutions for lacking in their attempts to conserve the Sumatran rhinoceros. To conserve it, they would have to relocate them from small forests to breeding programs that could monitor their breeding success. To boost reproduction, the Malaysian and Indonesian governments could also agree to exchange the gametes of the Sumatran and smaller Bornean subspecies. The Indonesian and Malaysian governments have also proposed a single management unit for these two ancient subspecies.