Canada/US and Other Unfriendly Relations: Before and After 9/11

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Canada–United States relations - Wikipedia

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On April 18, , an American pilot bombed Canadian forces involved in a training exercise , killing four and wounding eight Canadians. A joint American-Canadian inquiry determined the cause of the incident to be pilot error, in which the pilot interpreted ground fire as an attack; the pilot ignored orders that he felt were "second-guessing" his field tactical decision. The New Democratic Party and some recent Liberal leadership candidates have expressed opposition to Canada's expanded role in the Afghan conflict on the ground that it is inconsistent with Canada's historic role since the Second World War of peacekeeping operations.

The Americans thanked Canada "for the role of Canadian Armed Forces CAF in providing training and assistance to Iraqi security forces, as well as the CAF's role in improving essential capacity-building capabilities with regional forces. Canada and the United States have the world's largest trading relationship, with huge quantities of goods and people flowing across the border each year. Since the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement , there have been no tariffs on most goods passed between the two countries. In the course of the softwood lumber dispute , the U.

The dispute has cycled through several agreements and arbitration cases. Canadians have been criticized about such things as the ban on beef since a case of Mad Cow disease was discovered in in cows from the United States and a few subsequent cases and the high American agricultural subsidies. A principal instrument of this cooperation is the International Joint Commission IJC , established as part of the Boundary Waters Treaty of to resolve differences and promote international cooperation on boundary waters. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of is another historic example of joint cooperation in controlling trans-border water pollution.

Most recently, the Devil's Lake Outlet, a project instituted by North Dakota, has angered Manitobans who fear that their water may soon become polluted as a result of this project. Beginning in the Canadian government of Brian Mulroney began pressing the Reagan administration for an "Acid Rain Treaty" in order to do something about U. The Reagan administration was hesitant, and questioned the science behind Mulroney's claims. However, Mulroney was able to prevail. The product was the signing and ratification of the Air Quality Agreement of by the first Bush administration. Under that treaty, the two governments consult semi-annually on trans-border air pollution, which has demonstrably reduced acid rain, and they have since signed an annex to the treaty dealing with ground level ozone in Lawrence watershed during the summer.

The main source of this trans-border pollution results from coal-fired power stations, most of them located in the Midwestern United States. Currently neither of the countries' governments support the Kyoto Protocol , which set out time scheduled curbing of greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the United States, Canada has ratified the agreement. Yet after ratification, due to internal political conflict within Canada, the Canadian government does not enforce the Kyoto Protocol , and has received criticism from environmental groups and from other governments for its climate change positions.

In January , the Canadian minister of the environment , Peter Kent , explicitly stated that the policy of his government with regards to greenhouse gas emissions reductions is to wait for the United States to act first, and then try to harmonize with that action — a position that has been condemned by environmentalists and Canadian nationalists, and as well as scientists and government think-tanks.

The United States and Britain had a long-standing dispute about the rights of Americans fishing in the waters near Newfoundland. In the peace treaty negotiations of , the Americans insisted on a statement of these rights. However, France, an American ally, disputed the American position because France had its own specified rights in the area and wanted them to be exclusive. After the War of , the Convention of between the United States and Britain specified exactly what liberties were involved. The Canadian—American Reciprocity Treaty of , and the Treaty of Washington of spelled-out the liberties in more detail.

However the Treaty of Washington expired in , and there was a continuous round of disputes over jurisdictions and liberties. It produced a compromise settlement that permanently ended the problems. In the American government became concerned when members of the Canadian government announced plans to decriminalize marijuana. David Murray, an assistant to U. Drug Czar John P. Walters , said in a CBC interview that, "We would have to respond.

We would be forced to respond. A joint report by American and Canadian officials on cross-border drug smuggling indicated that, despite their best efforts, "drug trafficking still occurs in significant quantities in both directions across the border. The principal illicit substances smuggled across our shared border are MDMA Ecstasy , cocaine, and marijuana. Presidents and prime ministers typically make formal or informal statements that indicate the diplomatic policy of their administration.

Diplomats and journalists at the time—and historians since—dissect the nuances and tone to detect the warmth or coolness of the relationship. It has been said that the United States Government is a failure. I don't go so far. On the contrary, I consider it a marvelous exhibition of human wisdom. It was as perfect as human wisdom could make it, and under it the American States greatly prospered until very recently; but being the work of men it had its defects, and it is for us to take advantage by experience, and endeavor to see if we cannot arrive by careful study at such a plan as will avoid the mistakes of our neighbors.

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In the first place we know that every individual state was an individual sovereignty—that each had its own army and navy and political organization — and when they formed themselves into a confederation they only gave the central authority certain specific rights appertaining to sovereign powers. The dangers that have risen from this system we will avoid if we can agree upon forming a strong central government—a great Central Legislature—a constitution for a Union which will have all the rights of sovereignty except those that are given to the local governments.

Then we shall have taken a great step in advance of the American Republic. United States President George W. Bush was "deeply disliked" by a majority of Canadians according to the Arizona Daily Sun. These include maritime boundary disputes:. A long-simmering dispute between Canada and the U. Canada's assertion that the Northwest Passage represents internal territorial waters has been challenged by other countries, especially the U.

Canadians were alarmed when Americans drove the reinforced oil tanker Manhattan through the Northwest Passage in , followed by the icebreaker Polar Sea in , which actually resulted in a minor diplomatic incident. In , the Canadian parliament enacted the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, which asserts Canadian regulatory control over pollution within a mile zone.

In response, the United States in stated, "We cannot accept the assertion of a Canadian claim that the Arctic waters are internal waters of Canada. Such acceptance would jeopardize the freedom of navigation essential for United States naval activities worldwide. Paul Cellucci , the American ambassador to Canada, in suggested to Washington that it should recognize the straits as belonging to Canada.

His advice was rejected and Harper took opposite positions. Canada and the United States both hold membership in a number of multinational organizations such as:. It is further supported by many consulates located through United States. Canadian consular services are also available in Honolulu at the consulate of Australia through the Canada—Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement. It is further supported by many consulates located throughout Canada. S government maintains consulates-general in several major Canadian cities including: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan. Canada—United States trade relations. Drug policy of the United States and Drug policy of Canada. Trudeau Washington Press Club speech. Trudeau's famous "sleeping with an elephant" quotation. List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States. Embassy of Canada in Washington, D.

Embassy of the United States in Ottawa. Canada portal United States portal International relations portal. Retrieved March 23, Retrieved April 1, The View from the United States.

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Canada's Reaction to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff", ". Journal of Economic History. United States Foreign Policy and Germany, — p. American Review of Canadian Studies. Stacey, Canada and the Age of Conflict: A History of Canadian External Policies. The Mackenzie King Era pp Reappraising Canada's International Relations in the s and s.

Heidler, Encyclopedia of the War of p. Granatstein, Yankee Go Home: The Case of Canadian Television U. Quebec's Women Writers p. Groseclose; Jochen Wierich Internationalizing the History of American Art: Bumsted in Paul Magocsi, ed. Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. University of Toronto Press. The New Expatriate Generation. Retrieved 12 June Canadian Foreign Policy and the Vietnam War, —". Retrieved 13 June A history of Canadian PMs' not-so-diplomatic one-liners".

The American Presidency Project. Retrieved May 16, Canada and Mexico at the Crossroads. Time, Canada, to negotiate the Northwest Passage". Archived from the original on June 6, The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 27, President Obama announce shared vision for perimeter security and economic competitiveness between Canada and the United States".

He is the author of several books including: Do Think Tanks Matter?

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His work has also appeared in over three dozen journals and edited collections. He is currently writing a book on the tensions that have either seriously compromised or severed the relationship between conservative American think tanks and the more liberal universities where they are or were housed. Read more reviews by Donald. Click here to cancel reply.

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