CUHK Series:Chinese culture & Chinese Racial Charateristics: A Historical Perspective(Chinese Edition)

Dual routes from social identity to collective opposition against criminal organisations: Intracultural appropriation theory and the roles of honour codes and social change beliefs. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. Proportionate size of the group affects evaluation of transgressive leaders. That is how we do it around here: Levels of identification, masculine honor, and social activism against organized crime in the south of Italy.

The relationship between masculine honor and social activism against criminal organizations in Italy. How groups react to disloyalty in the context of intergroup competition: Evaluations of group deserters and defectors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 54, Organized crime and group-based ideology: The association between masculine honor and collective opposition against criminal organizations. Social sciences and social movements: Contemporary Social Science, 9 , A step too far?

Leadership racism inhibits transgression credit. Randsley de Moura, G. A double standard when group members behave badly: Transgression credit to ingroup leaders. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , , Social representations of protest and police after the Genoa G8 summit: A qualitative analysis of activist accounts of events.

Papers on Social Representations , 21, Il paradigma psico-sociale e la pedagogia. Studium Educationis , 1, Social Protest in the Social Sciences. Contemporary Social Science, 9 1. Research and methods in the study of social protest: The Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Protest, 1 2. Protest, Movements, and Dissent in the Social Sciences: Van de Vyver, J. A Social Psychological Perspective. The Psychology of Restorative Justice.

Cittadinanza ferita e trauma psicopolitico dopo il g8 di Genova pp.

Teorie e pratiche della rinconciliazione: Ricostruire le relazioni sociali tra ostacoli emozionali e senso di ingiustizia. Yetkili, O, Abrams, D. Honor and Social Change: Individualism, Collectivism and Political Action. Passivity, Legitimisation, and Opposition against Organised Crime: The Role of Masculine Honour. Organised Crime and Society.

Kapantai, I, Abrams, D. The effect of stigma controllability on evaluations of transgressive leaders. The Price of Being a White Sheep. University of Lausanne, Institut de Psychologie. Organised crime in society. University of Rome La Sapienza. A framework for understanding how and when leaders can deviate.

Thus Spake Evolutionary Psychologists, Beijing: Research Articles and Book Chapters: Differential effects of glucose taste and ingestion on delay discounting and self-control. Appetite , , Genetic and environmental influences on gambling: A meta-analysis of twin studies. Personality and Social Psychology. Glucose-specific signaling effects on delay discounting in intertemporal choice. Physiology and Behavior, , — Neural substrates of framing effects in social contexts: Social Neuroscience, 12 3 , A pointers hypothesis of general intelligence evolved from domain-specific demands Commentary.

Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 40 , Decision making in the environment of Internet mass information: Challenges and response patterns. Theory of mind in evaluating pain symptoms. Verbal, facial, and vocal cues in risky choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30 2 , Xiao-Tian , Zheng, R. Not all risks are created equal: A twin study and meta-analyses of risk-taking across seven domains. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 11 , Sense and sensibility of ownership: Effects of ownership experience on valuation of goods. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 58, British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 68, Rao, L, Wang, X.

Investment choice and perceived mating intention regulated by external resource cues and internal fluctuation in blood glucose levels. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 , Choices within an evolutionary framework Commentary. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37 4 , Trust-based choice heuristics in HR management. Journal of Business Research , 67 , — Tri-reference point theory of decision making: A tri-reference point theory of decision making under risk. Behavioral dynamics and neural basis. Neuropsychologia , 48 , Fluctuating blood glucose levels affect future discounting.

Psychological Science , 21 , Six issues in methodology of behavioral research. Life history variables and risk taking propensity. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30, Salary expectation and job choice: An empirical test of the tri-reference point theory. Risk communication and risky choice in context: Ambiguity and ambivalence hypothesis.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, , Decision heuristics as predictors of public choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21 , Self-framing, risk perception and risky choice. Towards the development of an evolutionarily valid domain-specific risk-taking scale. Evolutionary Psychology, 5, Evolutionary psychology of investment decisions: Studies of expected personal money allocation and differential parental investment in sons and daughters.

Resolving conflicts in risk preference. Cognition and Emotion , 20 , Reference points-dependent tradeoffs in intertemporal decision making Commentary. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, Self-framing of risky choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 17 , Understanding perspectives and emotions in contract violation: Development of deontic and moral reasoning. Child Development, 75, The psychology of the Monty Hall problem: Discovering psychological mechanisms for solving a tenacious brain teaser. General, , Risky choice in social contexts.

Risk perception and risky choice: Situational, informational and dispositional effects. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 6 , Risk as reproductive variance. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23 , Social cues and verbal framing in risky choice.

Biography:

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 14 , Bounded Rationality of Economic Man: New Frontiers in Evolutionary Psychology and Bioeconomics. Journal of Bioeconomics, 3 , Bounded rationality of economic man: In fact, the size of the garden in this garden is very precious in Hong Kong. The density of population in Hong Kong is too high which is not enough space to live in a quality standard.

This photo was taken in an indoor office, called Blue Print, in Quarry Bay. The design is western and modern. However, the catchiest characteristic is the blue bamboo. Bamboo is a very Chinese style signature. There are lots of famous bamboo paintings in the long history of China. The first lesson of learning traditional Chinese painting is drawing bamboo, and it may take you over one month to practice.

It is because there are different forms of bamboo and various drawing skills. A thousand of combination could be shown the skeleton of bamboo. In this photo, those fake bamboos are different form and shape. This idea is quite similar to a garden. People try to bring the nature next to ourselves because we cannot go to the countryside freely. The fake bamboo is like the man-made natural scenic garden in Hong Kong, even the traditional China.

People planted some potting inside the house to keep the relaxation around themselves all day. Although nowadays in Hong Kong, the time of staying in an office is much more than the time of staying at our home, we still maintenance the belief from the traditional concept and try our best to bring nature to be near at hand. Using the fake bamboo to separate the working desks is the clever idea. About the function of separating, the fake bamboo not only separate employees from others but also separate pressure from others. We are working together but still have our own private space.

If we feel tired, we lift up our head and talk a look at the bamboos. They make us feel better because the peace of nature comforts our exhaustion. It is quite important that the image combination of elements in the landscape scene should conform to the law of nature. I chose to take a photo there because it show a great match of Chinese traditional art- calligraphy and the modern society. Having Chinese calligraphy as decoration in mass transportation system is a special and idea in my point of view as it is not only decorative, but also practical in terms of telling passengers which station it is.

Also,it provides a good chance for people, including the busy locals and tourists to know more about this traditional Chinese art. Taking a photo of the Chinese calligraphy in the MTR station is in fact the very first idea I have for this assignment and this shows that it is really effective in promoting Chinese art in Hong Kong society, as most Hong Kong people take MTR and come across these calligraphy every day.

Interestingly, I spent some time doing research to choose which station I should choose to take the photo and found negative comments against the writing style these "MTR calligraphy" in the process. I found that the calligrapher does not have a very specific calligraphic style that sometimes the MTR station names are like written by different people.

Although it seems that the mural does not have much connection with Chinese art, there are some Chinese art elements hidden in it. Despite, many colours are used in the work, which is not very Chinese-like, the stokes used to draw the mountains and wave are from the Chinese approach. Simple lines are used to depict the mountain and the wave and the dimension, and front and back position are shown. The figure on the left are also drawn with simple lines to show details of his clothes and facial expression.

Apart from from the use of lines, it is also worth noting that the one point perspective is not used to draw the background of the painting. The techniques used in this mural has displayed the elements of Chinese painting style. However, there are also Western painting elements in the art work. For example, the trees are drawn in the Western sketching approach, and the use of multiple colours are elects of Western paintings. It is very special to use this traditional Chinese pattern as decoration on the ground that it does not only fulfill a decoration purpose, but also create a sense of the traditional Chinese culture.

Photo taken from Lippo Centre. In Chinese art, animals are always a main factor. Different animals represent different symbolic meaning. From this photo, we can see it is a pictograph. The artwork completed by putting different sizes of rocks together and fix them on the wall.

A Chinese dragon with dark golden color is in the middle part of the pictograph, a hand is holding a ball with golden color, the body is surrounding a column. In addition, I see there is a sailboat directly below the Chinese dragon, I guess the column is the mast of the sailboat. It is possible that the background is the see. In Chinese art, dragon contains symbolic meaning of male vigor, strength and emperor and natural world. Photo taken from Hong Kong Park. Waterfall is one of the water elements in Chinese garden. In this photo, we can see two waterfalls.

Actually, it was the artificial waterfall. The water flows over a vertical drop in the course of lake. The waterfalls show the movement of the water, and it has a good appearance. Wave of the lake created by flowing of water. Around the waterfalls, we can also see the rocks and trees, they are also the elements of the Chinese garden. In this photo, the major color is green related to the nature, and the scene is a feast for our eyes. As the shape of the rocks are irregular, we can see the shadow of the rock. The grasses and trees create an animated atmosphere.

In this photo, we can see four pottery with the same idea which is cheongsam. And this is a modern creative artwork. However, as cheongsam is also an important dressing in the period of Republic of China, I think it is in our scope. According to the pottery, we can see the body shape of the women.

Silk is the materials of cheongsam. The texture of silk is smooth. Glazing of the pottery shows the feature of the cheongsam. From this photo, we can see cheongsam with a high-necked, closed-collar. And the decoration of cheongsam contains western characteristic because we seldom see the decoration of cheongsam with a triangle shape. Note of 20 Yuan picturing the region of the Yangshuo: I do not know who paints this but I know that every Chinese citizen knows this image.

This is what we can see on the note of 20 Chinese Yuan. What stroke me when I saw it first is the gap between the big Chinese cities like Beijing or Shanghai where I was and this peaceful region called the Yangshuo. As I said I do not know who painted it and I do not know neither when it was painted but it is perfectly representative of the traditional Chinese Art: This is a picture I took in the Antique Market in Beijing.

I found all those colors beautiful and it reminds me of my presentation in this class. Indeed, I did it about the five great kilns of the Song dynasty and some of those vases looked a lot like the Jun wares. The blue to purple glaze colors is one the characteristics of those wares. I am not sure I could recognize real ones compared to fake one if I would see it but I guess I am now able to distinguish different families of ware.

Two shoudai birds among peach blossoms, hanging scoll, by Yu Xing, Qing dynasty. I first chose this picture because I really like the theme of classical Chinese art. I find it calming and gentle. It always has to deal with nature. Once again we can see flowers and birds. However, it seems different because probably more colorful than what we could find in the previous dynasties. Those birds seem very sophisticated, maybe due to the encyclopedic spirit of the Qing dynasty in this time. I immediately loved it because I recognize the city of Hong Kong in a few seconds even though all we can see is black or grey little rectangles and stains of ink.

We can perfectly distinguish the buildings, the traffic and the people in this painting even though they are abstract. What this image means to me is that we do not need to paint everything as close as the reality as it is the case in the traditional Chinese art as long as we can feel what it represents and the feeling it involves. I can feel the anxiety of the hectic city that is Hong Kong just by looking at this beautiful painting. Galloping Horse by Xu Beihong modern times: This is one of the famous galloping horses paintings by Xu Beihong.

We studied this artist in class and it made me curious about him, I made a few researches and realized i loved his work. That is why I chose this image. I guess what I like the most is the mix of traditional Chinese art ink, brush, an animal as a subject.. This artist succeeded in taking techniques in two very different arts and finally made the best of it. I took this picture on my first day in Hong Kong on the bus shuttle to City U. Just outside the airport there is construction on the new highway to decrease the congestion traveling in and out of the small island.

In its current state, it is a temporary exhibition since construction will continue until the entire expansion is completed. I just like how they are just lone pillars that get added to until they complete the full structure. Another interesting point, is that the construction is similar to the mountains in the background. That they stand strong out of their surroundings and seem to defy what should be possible.

Cultural Center Barrier with Plan: Instead of simple concrete barriers in front of Hong Kong Cultural Centre, they have these creative, simple metal sculptures. They consist of a yellow matte inside with a shiny reflective stainless steel outside. These were great on their own, but later in the year I revisited the site and they included a plant inside of barrier that added a new level to the overall piece.

Now if I analysis the piece, it has the warm yellow background, the green plant gives a cool color, and a nice neutral outside coating. This gives some good contrast between the warm and cool. The use of thin stainless steel gives the piece a modern, sharp look but smooth curves give a gentler impression that seems easy to approach. I would also like to mention the curve of the leaves also go together overarching curve of the barrier post creating some unity in this small simple road barrier.

Ceramic Pot at 10, Buddha Monaster: On the top of the 10, Buddha Monastery in Sha Tin you will find this inconspicuous pot in front of an old shrine. It might not have much attention being drawn to it, but I can never pass up a good ceramic pot. With its traditional blue and while styling and the complex foot support, this is an exceptional piece of art. There is more to this piece of pottery than just the colors because there is also two major points of interest on it.

On the front is a tradition Chinese landscape painting. It has wet brush application to create the smooth mountains and water and a stiff brush to create the tree details and ground. It also utilized the white of the pottery to create the negative background and clouds. Around the top lip of the pot you see fungus and around the landscape painting there might be clouds or more fungus which are commonly used to symbolize long life. All these factors come together to create a little surprise that I did not expect at the Monastery.

PCB Inside of Mouse: This one is neat because the printed circuit board inside this mouse is not meant to be this visible. It almost looks like another world with all the cylinders and prisms of different sizes that are back-lit by the red glow of the laser tracking system. This world that we generally interact with every day, but never really see is an odd fact of life these days; I was glad to be able to find this small treasure. Mountain Ridge Overlooking Sai Kung: This picture is not of specific piece of art, but on the north side of Kowloon peak overlooking Sai Kung area you will find this beautiful area.

To set the scene, it was lightly misting and the humid air blowing across the medium bamboo with a nice calm rustling. The sky was quiet with great visibility to see all the way across the New Territories to China. The green bamboo leaves with the outline of dull yellow creates some nice contrast as it melds into the distance. The rocks in the background tell a story as erosion has occurred and the upper rock has broken away and rolled down hill by a few meters.

The unity of the picture is very nice with the general cool palate and the sparse rock formations giving some interesting places for the eye to travel. This is my favorite place so far in my time in Hong Kong. The calligraphy of this movie poster is quite different than the usual Chinese calligraphy I saw on street. Based on my respect and appreciation of the movie, I wonder if there is any meaning behind the design of this calligraphy. Luckily, I found a piece of online news explaining the calligraphy.

The calligraphy is designed by Wah-gor, who has constantly written calligraphy for different movie poster. He explained that it is the reflection of the story plot inside the movie, about the difficult adventure he is facing in the movie. I feel the heart behind the director and Wah-gor.

I love the passion of the movie and this calligraphy. If I do not look carefully, I would definitely miss the different details of each lion statue. Another meaning of placing lion statues I can think of is lion as one of the mysterious yet strong symbol in Chinese, which can protect people avoid from danger. Using Tak Wah as the name of each door and make a couplet is definitely a must Chinese gardening. It is poetic and welcoming.

People can understand more about the meaning of the name as "Tak Wah" by just four sentences. It is the beauty of Chinese characters - concise and comprehensive. The gate is not just as the function of letting people walk through but being part of the key elements of the park. The circular gate looks a frame involving the natural views behind them, just like a Chinese scholar art painting. I do think the meaning of moon gate is quite poetic. In Tak Wah Park, it carries out the processing and transformation of building a waterfall inside a pond, the size is not too big but enough in this small park.

The sound of the waterfall is refreshing. The day I went to Tak Wah park, I felt refreshing. It is a great choice having a walk when you are in stress. This paper-cut art is showing two birds standing on the branch with flowers. This photo was taken in Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan. It was interesting that the upper right-hand corner blank space has attracted attention, even there were nothing captured in that area. This picture reminded me that some paintings would leave white spaces in their painting for calligraphy. This photo was taken in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.

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We can see the hikers were walking on the mountain road. The mountain road extended from the front of the camera to the back, which leads the readers to imagine the way they have walked from the hills at the back of the photo to the position captured in this photo. This reminded me the old landscape paintings of Chinese painters shown in the lecture, although the perspectives were presented differently.

Paintings shown in lecture were mainly the whole view of the mountains. The painting skills and creativity of the painters have amazed me as even now we can hardly capture the view, similar to their paintings, with cameras. The Clock Tower is right at the centre of the photo as the main focus of the photo. Tall trees were planted on the two sides and a pool was put right in front of the Tower, which gives a symmetrical view when taking photo of the photo. If the trees were not planted in this way, the Tower would be merged into the buildings at the back, then people may hardly take photo with the Tower as the focus.

This design allows the Tower to stand alone in photos. Although this is a photo illustrating optical illusion in paintings, this reminds me the lecture learning the difference of Eastern and Western paintings in the usage of colour. In this painting, complementary colours were used to show contrasts between objects.

The tone of the painting is rather bright in total. Also, the patterns are drawn in a detailed and fine way. To me, these are the most remarkable characteristics of Western paintings, comparing to the Eastern figure paintings. In old Chinese paintings, the sceneries were mainly painted viewing the whole or just a focused part.

I have seldom seen some paintings which were particularly captured in a symmetrical view. In my opinion, the painters always respect the nature, for instance, they rather draw the whole mountain or just a tree in their pieces. This makes me curious that if what would the ancient painters think when they saw the photographs taken by people nowadays.

It is a kind of Chinese traditional handicraft with over years of history and one of the Chinese national intangible cultural heritage.

It is a special and unique kind of craft which combines copper with the ceramics, bronze, painting and carving works where its production is all made by hand which include the design, padding making, thread weaving, drawing, burning, polishing and gilding etc. In Chinese, "knot" means reunion, friendliness, peace, warmth, marriage etc.

They are a distinctive and traditional Chinese folk handicraft woven separately from one piece of thread and named according to its shape and meaning. To paint the inside of the glass or crystal, the artist must paint backwards with an extremely thin brush where the concentration is crucial as well to make precise strokes. It is a bronze lotus-shaped incense burner. The top of the lid is adorned with a lotus flower surrounded by leaves which shows an image of lotus flower on gently undulating water.

Incense is traditionally used in a wide range of cultural activities including religious ceremonies, ancestor veneration, traditional medicine and in daily life. And the shape of the lotus symbolizes ultimate purity of the heart and mind and perfection in the Chinese culture as it rises untainted and beautiful from the mud.

These two are Chinese seal, which are used traditionally to represent signatures in personal documents, office paperwork, contracts, art, or any item requiring acknowledgement or authorship. Seals are also used on Chinese paintings and calligraphy works, usually imprinted in such works in the order of name seal, leisure seal and studio seal.

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Owners or collectors of paintings or books will often add their own studio seals to pieces they have collected as an act of appreciation towards the work. It seems that a few brushes were only used. And it seems that every single fish can be drawn in one orange brush but they still look very life-like. It reminds me how the painters study the nature in order to capture the spirit of the living things. The composition also shows balanced shapes and rhythms.

The painter used single color paint and strokes to create this graffiti. Instead of shadowing, the painter applied some brush techniques in the graffiti. We can see there is change of widths in a same stroke. And the brush technique, which is used on the hair to create the texture, is like the flying white technique for the rocks in the Chinese landscape painting. Some texts were also written beside the graffiti, which seems to explain the graffiti and mark the name of the artist. It also reminds me the inscription in Chinese painting.

It is very interesting to see the similarity since they are two very different mediums. Taken from this angle, the photograph really resembles the mural. This composition also shows a sense of dignity and suggests the greatness of the temple as people is placed below. Given the fact that it was inspired by a wall painting which takes Tang building as the reference, it not only suggests a strong relationship between art, history, and religion but also how they can interact differently. Because of the fog, it seems that the sea and the sky merged into one.

Both show a natural and unrestrained view and has a dreamy quality about it. The fog can be also linked to the blank area in the Chinese painting, which is intentionally left and to portray sky and the water. The fog also separate the hill into different layers. It is like that a painter has used different shade of the ink to indicate the depth of the different mountains. Red banners are important elements in the Lunar new year. The vibrant and highly saturated red color of the banners is always linked to the joyous happy festival atmosphere, such as Chinese wedding ceremony.

The gold color in the ancient China is a symbol of the status of the emperor. It is mostly considered as a symbol of luxury and wealth nowadays. The regular script writing on the banners delivers messages of good luck.

CUHK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Collection 香港中文大學博碩士論文庫

The bold font not only suggests the eager of making the blessing come true but also make sure the red banner can be seen at a distance. But how would they know if they have done enough good deeds in exchange for a good aftermath? Are they driven by fear or their love for the gods? What, then, are their true gods?

What if these gods do not even exist and all that they are doing are just in vain? Then, I wonder what their purpose in life truly is. So even under the glamour of the golden, shimmery pagoda, I could sense an overwhelming emptiness within the souls of the people. It leaves me thinking how can our deepest desires be fulfilled.

This makes me ponder on how open minded people can be, letting others to bombard on your values and perspectives… When they hear you, have they actually listened? All the more, I like the idea of light casting out darkness; it gives hope to me. I was amazed not only because of the colourful pedals but also because of the timing of the bloom. Despite all the bumps that come in your way, beauty will always be found if we zoom out our focus on our problems.

As we were on our way searching for the hotel, the greens, yellows and reds of the traffic lights reflected on any surface that was wet, amplifying all the colours at once. Yet, the dim street still pervaded a sense of loneliness, adding a touch of mystery to my journey with my father. At some point I almost thought the rain would spoil my holiday, who would have thought that the rain can do magic like this? It is like a portrait of the Tian Tan Buddha with the trees as the accompanying decorations which gives a feeling of peace.

The Buddha is place at the centre of the photo as the only subject to be focused. The technique of Leave Plain in Chinese paintings has also been applied to the photo. The plain colour of the houses in the photo makes it look like houses drawn in Chinese paintings, while the skill of using an eye-catching colour to emphasize the subject the red house at the front is used.

The perspective used in the photo is like a painter draws on the opposite side of the living area, in fact the photo was taken on a cruise in the middle of the river. The technique of Leave Plain in Chinese paintings is also used in the upper part of the photo. The tree frozen by the extreme weather in Finland is like the willow tree in many typical Chinese painting. The clouds in the sky form a horizontal line as if it is a stroke in ink. The colour of the sky and sunset as a background and the tree at the front are like the synthesis between east and west, combining ink and colour to draw a willow tree with a coloured background.

For the composition of the photo, it also uses a rather Western skill which is putting the core subject the tree in a significant position, and making other objects small. It is the St. Although the photo was not taken in China, we could still find some Chinese elements. The stone building with the brick-red roof tiles makes it feels like Chinese-style. The concept of painting capturing the live is also shown in this photo that there are rear views of the old couple as the subject walking on the walkway towards the tunnel.

The photo was taken on a mountain called Uetliberg in Zurich, Switzerland. It gives a feeling of Chinese traditional landscape painting as if the mountains are drawn in ink. It can be imagined that the five shades of ink are used to draw the mountains. The closer the mountain, the thicker the colour of ink, and it turns lighter gradually as the distance gets further. The main difference between the photo and a landscape painting is that the area below the mountains is usually water in Chinese paintings, while there is a layer of clouds instead of water in the photo.

It is a picture took outside the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall. I went there once before but it was closed that day. The Sculpture outside, which is show in the photo is so impressive. The sculpture is not very detailed. But rough surface of it reminds me of the calligraphy. Calligraphy is a art of brush written Chinese characters, expressive lines and dots made possible by a soft and supple brush in the hand of a skilled user.

I agree that the sculpture is more impressive with rough surface instead of a detailed sculpture. Common type of calligraphy we see includes seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script and cursive script. It was took in the sunset so the reflection of light in the sky is the core. And the white of the cloud reflected in the photo reminds me of the fusion of Chinese and western painting. If this picture is a painting in ancient china, the cloud can be drawn with either the liu bai techniques usually used in traditional China painting or the white color in western painting.

This is the capture of an artwork taken in National Art Museum of China. Different levels of strength of the brushwork creates a simple but profound effect in this painting. The artist uses thick dark ink over the light ink and blue ink, creating different layers. This is similar to the features of the artworks by Huang Binhong. Also, the element of subtlety can also be found, such as the sailboat. The element of symmetry is emphasized. Hong Kong is a densely-populated city. This creates a sense of stillness and a contrast to the reality. The main character in this photograph is the girl on the right side.

Although the proportion of her occupied area is not high, the modern scenery of Hong Kong behind accentuates the existence of the main character. The girl standing alone with the tall buildings and the light emitted by the buildings creates senses of loneliness and tranquility. The contrast of light and dark is also a crucial element in aesthetics. This is a public sculpture found in Tamar Park. In my opinion, different types of materials in each of the drawer symbolize the variety of occupations in Hong Kong including fruit markets. This photograph is taken in a Chinese restaurant.

We can see the preservation of the utensils and decorations of traditional Chinese restaurant. On another perspective, this can be also considered as a combination of art and culture with modern technology. This also bring out the sense of belonging of a Chinese. This picture was shot at eye level, in which, the level of the platform was exactly at the middle of the picture when the railway was at the bottom.

It creates parallel lines extended from the two sides of the picture. Such simple and regular composition of picture has established a sense of stillness and harmony to the viewers. Besides, the major color used in the picture was reddish-brown. The use of warm light and monochromatic tone of colors have also constructed a warm and calm atmosphere through the picture. It was a picture taken in the Tokyo Disneyland. It was taken from a high angle while the upper parts of the decorations were easily seen.

Besides, the colorful lights and decorations have purposefully contrasted with the dim background to create a sense of mystery and fascination. Such contrasting color allowed visitors to feel like being in a dream or an unrealistic world. It is seen that the light was coming from the top that the shadow of the bridge was right below itself. It tells viewers the time of taking this picture was in the noon. Moreover, trees from two sides of the river have created shadows that only the river and the tower were bright in color.

It helps to emphasize the main subjects and tell viewers what is important in the picture. This picture of flowers mainly consist of three colors, green, white, and yellow. In which, dark green in the background contrasted with the bright white and yellow has accentuated the flowers.

Colors of the flowers have therefore become even brighter and more eye-catching. Besides, the flowers were growing in irregular patterns. It tells viewers that the flowers were not artificially planted but grew freely in the nature. This picture uses the triangular composition to create perspective. It is symmetrical that the focus of the picture is right in the center.

It is seen that diagonal lines extended from the corners are straight and are meeting up at the center. Closer objects occupied more spaces when the further occupied fewer. For instance, the nearer pillars are taller than those in the back. It allows viewers to see the distance and the perspective. This calligraphy is exhibited in Mausoleum of Mao Zedong in Changsha. In China, the function of characters does not confined to information exchange. In fact it could be appreciated as an artwork. At the beginning, Cursive script was created to reduce the time of writing, but later it deviated from its practicability since it became very difficult to recognize the characters, just like the calligraphy of the photo.

I could only recognized several characters in this work. It is said that this work was done by Mao, although I could hardly recognized the three characters in it. Based on the knowledge I learnt in the class, I think it is the wild cursive script since the brushstroke is wild and free, and indeed it is hardest to recognize among other types of Cursive script. In addition, we could see the author daubed the wrong word as well.

I know very little about the calligraphy, but I chose it because of the momentum and passion transmitting to me. Although the composition is not regular, it strangely maintains the balance which makes the audience feel comfortable to read. This kind of silk is called Longevity embroideries and the pattern and color are made by the silk thread with different colors, like light henna, olive green, purple-grey and dark green. At first, I thought the pattern of the silk is composed of big and small clouds and according to the lecture note, it is a motif of blessings, like longevity and good fortune.

However, the description of the silk in the museum indicates that there are not only cloud, but the phoenix and cornel could be observed as well. Phoenix is a powerful creature which represents the high status and auspiciousness, while cornel is a plant which could drive out the evil and bring long life. Since the silk was used to cover the body of the master, it may also mean protecting her to the heaven.

They are also from the Mawangdui Han Tombs which consist of five lacquer dishes, a goblet, a flanged cup and a tray. My first impression of the lacquers is that they do not look like ancient objects since the colors are bright and contrastive. The base color of the lacquers is red and the artisans use black and celadon to paint the pattern. The lacquers represent the advanced technique of Han dynasty to color and create different types of lacquer. Therefore, the master of the tomb was very rich that she owned so many lacquer.

Unfortunately, due to the prosperity of porcelain, the industry faded away after Han dynasty. The four calligraphies belong to the Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. I chose this photo because the calligraphies represent different scripts. There are not many information about these calligraphies and thus I had to guess the meanings of them. Concerning the work at the right hand side, I am quite sure it is seal script, while for the two in the middle of the temple, I believe they are running script.

As for the work in left hand side, it may be the modern cursive script since the brushstroke is wild and free. Although the calligraphies were used to name the building, it became the indivisible part of the whole artwork which is the temple. Compare with the western countries, they seldom put the name of the architecture on itself, while Chinese people regards it as a decoration since calligraphy itself is a treasure.

This is a container of the Maya culture. I chose it because there are some common features with Chinese lacquer. Firstly, it is obvious that red and black colors are common in ancient societies all over the world, like in the Chinese Neolithic period, the color of the pottery also only had the background color, black and red at the early stage.

Secondly, both of them use the curve shape pattern which may represent the cloud and the circles at the edge may represent the sun. If my guess is correct, it shows the popularity of the worship of nature, no matter in which region. Finally, the creature on the top of the container looks like the dragon in China. Chinese dragon mainly evolved from snake and ancient people worshiped snake since it represents reproduction and power. Similarly, maybe the Maya people believed the power of snake as well, thus they create such an artifact.

This photo is taken in Nam Sang Wai. The small wood pier with the beautiful view attracts many people to take a photo, especially in a nice weather. The results also showed individual differences in experiencing a creativity slump. The statistic that only In accounting for these individual differences, stress appraisal variables were found to be the significant predictors when both the stress appraisal and conventionality in thinking variables were included in the logistic regression equation to predict the occurrence of a slump.

The findings suggest that the major factors that are detrimental to creative thinking at school transition are negative appraisals and lack of positive appraisals on school life i. These findings are helpful for understanding the critical factors that either facilitate or hinder the development of creativity in schoolchildren, which, in turn, could shed further light on effective creativity education. Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: Chinese University of Hong Kong, [] System requirements: Available via World Wide Web.

ProQuest Information and Learning, [] System requirements: In search of authenticity: Rise as A Subaltern Group p. Living a Gay Life p. Entering the Gay and Lesbian Groups, Introduction p. In search of diamond rules: Monte Carlo evaluations of goodness of fit indices Wang, Chang. Normal-theory Weighted Least chi-square p. In search of duality Wong Wing Kin Ken. In search of "National soul": In Chapter 2, a base model of an in silico enterocyte monolayer with no enzyme and transporter was used to validate in silico compounds; an automated linear segment searching method was developed to identify linear transport phase.