Sonata in B Minor, Kk376

When there are two choirs of strings at the same length, it is possible to arrange for them to give different tonal qualities, and thus to increase the variety of sound produced by the instrument. This is done by having one set of strings plucked closer to the nut the bridge-like device that terminates the sounding length of the strings than the other. Plucking close to the nut emphasizes the higher harmonics , and produces a "nasal" sound quality.

When two strings tuned to be the same pitch, or to an octave apart, are plucked simultaneously by a single keystroke, the note is louder and richer than one produced by a single string. The qualitative distinction is particularly noticeable when the strings are tuned an octave apart. When describing a harpsichord it is customary to specify its choirs of strings, often called its disposition.

Strings at eight foot pitch sound at the normal expected pitch, strings at four foot pitch sound an octave higher, and sometimes harpsichords have the rare foot pitch one octave lower than eight-foot or two-foot pitch two octaves higher. When there are multiple choirs of strings, the player is often able to control which choirs sound.

You may also like.....

This is usually done by having a set of jacks for each choir, and a mechanism for "turning off" each set, often by moving the upper register through which the jacks slide sideways a short distance, so that their plectra miss the strings. In simpler instruments this is done by manually moving the registers, but as the harpsichord evolved levers, knee levers and pedal mechanisms were invented that made it easier to change registration. More flexibility in selecting which strings play is available in harpsichords having more than one keyboard or manual, since each manual can control the plucking of a different set of strings.

In addition, such harpsichords often have a mechanism to couple manuals together, so that two can be used while actually playing on only one. The most flexible system is the French shove coupler, in which the lower manual can slide forward and backward, so that in the backward position "dogs" attached to the upper surface of the lower manual engage the lower surface of the upper manual's keys. Depending on choice of keyboard and coupler position, the player can select any of the sets of jacks labeled in figure 4 as A, or B and C, or all three.

The English dogleg jack system is less flexible, in that the manuals are immobile. The dogleg shape of the set of jacks labeled A in figure 5 permits A to be played by either keyboard, but the lower manual necessarily plays all three sets, and the player cannot select just B and C as in the French shove coupler. The use of multiple manuals in a harpsichord was not originally provided for the flexibility in choosing which strings would sound, but rather for transposition ; for discussion see History below.

The case holds in position all of the important structural members: It usually includes a solid bottom, and also internal bracing to maintain its form without warping under the tension of the strings. Cases vary greatly in weight and sturdiness: Italian harpsichords are often of light construction; heavier construction is found in the later Flemish instruments and those derived from them see History, below. The case also gives the harpsichord its external appearance and protects the instrument.

A large harpsichord is, in a sense, a piece of furniture, as it stands alone on legs and may be styled in the manner of other furniture of its place and period. Early Italian instruments, on the other hand, were so light in construction that they were treated rather like a violin: Such tables were often quite high - until the late 18th century people usually played standing up. Eventually, harpsichords came to be built with just a single case, though an intermediate stage also existed: Even after harpsichords became self-encased objects, they often were supported by separate stands, and some modern harpsichords have separate legs for improved portability.

Many harpsichords have a lid that can be raised, a cover for the keyboard, and a stand for music. The terms used to denote the various members of the harpsichord family are now standardized. This was not so in the harpsichord's heyday.

In modern usage, "harpsichord" can mean any member of the family of instruments. More often, though, it specifically denotes a grand-piano -shaped instrument with a roughly triangular case accommodating long bass strings at the left and short treble strings at the right. The characteristic profile of such a harpsichord is more elongated than a modern piano, with a sharper curve to the bentside. The virginals is a smaller and simpler rectangular form of the harpsichord having only one string per note; the strings run parallel to the keyboard which is on the long side of the case.

1. Upgrade to a newer browser for FREE to get the full Anghami experience!?
2. Domenico Scarlatti Harpsichord Sonatas K - K Scott Ross 24.
3. The Bride Wore White (The Captive Bride Series, Book I).
4. Sonata In B Minor, Kk. 227 (Allegro)!
5. A Rationale of Textual Criticism.

A spinet is a harpsichord with the strings set at an angle usually about 30 degrees to the keyboard. The strings are too close together for the jacks to fit between them. Instead, the strings are arranged in pairs, and the jacks are in the larger gaps between the pairs.

The two jacks in each gap face in opposite directions, and each plucks a string adjacent to a gap. A clavicytherium is a harpsichord with the soundboard and strings mounted vertically facing the player, the same space-saving principle as an upright piano. Since the strings run vertically, the jacks move horizontally, making the action of clavecytheria more involved than in a harpsichord.

Some of the earliest harpsichords for which we have evidence are clavicytheria. One surviving example from the late 15th century is kept at the Royal College of Music in London. The clavicytherium may have been one branch of the early development of the harpsichord action see below, History , that was almost entirely surpassed by the horizontal harpsichord which has the advantage of being able to rely on gravity to return the jacks to their rest position. Clavicytheria were occasionally made throughout the historical period.

In the 18th century particularly fine clavicytheria were made by Albertus Delin, a Flemish builder. Several harpsichords with unusual keyboard layouts, such as the archicembalo , were built in the 16th century to accommodate variant tuning systems demanded by compositional practice and theoretical experimentation.

On the whole, earlier harpsichords have smaller ranges and later ones larger, though there are many exceptions.

• Glossaire du patois rochelais (French Edition)!
• Domenico Scarlatti;
• Domenico Scarlatti Harpsichord Sonatas K372 - K391 Scott Ross 24?

The largest harpsichords have a range of just over five octaves and the smallest have under four. Details of original recording: Retrouvez tous les volumes des Sonates pour clavecin de Scarlatti chez Brilliant Classics. Pieter-Jan Belder Concerti Grossi, op. Complete Keyboard Sonatas, Vol.

More By Martin Souter

Conxita Bentz Batec Hi-Res. David Chalmin Sept particules Hi-Res. Read the article Fragments Xxxtentacion Jahseh Dwayne Onfroy was certainly a figure of much controversy and a particularly troubled individual. This leads immediately to a jagged, forceful motif in octaves. This is quickly followed by a hammering marcato motif in the left hand.

A dialogue ensues, with mounting energy, until reaching the noble Grandioso material in D major. Liszt transforms the "marcato" motif into a lyrical melody later. The slow movement, an Andante sostenuto , is the centerpiece of the Sonata. This fully-fledged movement, in compound ternary form, features, in quick succession, a number of themes heard earlier in the Sonata in a tour de force of thematic economy. The final recapitulatory section is launched by a driving fugato of contrapuntal skill which leads to the compressed return of the opening material.

Calling upon every intellectual resource and fully exploiting the pianist's technical arsenal, it is at this point where a performer's concentration might wane. But this final section has just begun, and a pianist needs to have reserved fuel in their tank if he is to turn in a successful performance of the Sonata. Each of the sections are examples of Classical forms, which means that this piece is one of the first instances of Double-function form , a musical piece which has two classical forms happening at the same time; one containing others.

Already in Liszt experimented with a non-programmatic "four-movements-in-one" form in an extended work for piano solo called Grosses Concert-Solo. There is an extremely difficult version of this Sonata in B minor for violin which was transcribed by Noam Sivan and premiered by violinist Giora Schmidt in September It has been published by Carl Fischer. The arrangement has not been published and exists only in manuscript form.

Yundi Li - Liszt Piano Sonata in B minor

An orchestrated version of the lyrical parts of the Sonata appears in the Hollywood film of Liszt's life called Song Without End starting 1: There is an orchestrated excerpt version of the Sonata in the film Hans Christian Andersen starring Danny Kaye where the ballet scene for " The Little Mermaid " is danced near the end of the film starting around 1: The original performances used an orchestral transcription of the Sonata by Humphrey Searle.

An organ transcription of the Sonata was made in by Bernhard Haas.



1. You Speak My Language?
2. ELVIS PRESLEY: THE KINGS FIRST BIG SCORE AT SUN STUDIO!
3. More By Pieter-Jan Belder!

There is also a transcription of the Sonata for solo cello made by cellist Johann Sebastian Paetsch in This has been published by the Hofmeister Musikverlag in Leipzig.