Le jardin de Susannah (Jade) (French Edition)

At the same time, geographers in South-West France were questioning the link between the process of periurbanisation and the first electoral successes of the FN.

The grandeur and decadence of the suburbs - Metropolitics

The authors do not, however, go any further in their interpretation and quite rightly stress the wide variety of social categories contributing to the impressive population growth of the Languedoc-Roussillon region in the early s: Rural areas as laboratories of social change 2: Social changes during this period would also polarise debates in the field of sociology: He then shows that, faced with the disintegration of rural solidarity as a result of urban sprawl, the new municipal team implemented a policy whereby new associations play an integrating role, with the aim of obtaining a local consensus on a new village identity: Around the same time, Michel Bozon and Anne-Marie Thiesse investigated in the Valois area to the north-west of Paris in the administrative region of Picardy.

They questioned the opposition between old and new residents and showed that this division is partly counteracted by the social differentiations that cross these two groups: At a time when there was a decline in analyses based on social class, in the mids, these studies focus on changes in periurban spaces, reaffirming the importance of lifestyle and class affiliations in structuring local social relations.

The s would bring with them a long hiatus in studies of periurban areas: Seen first as a place of middle-class insularity, they then became — in line with the prevailing journalistic discourse — the embodiment of the white working class wooed and won over by the FN. Beyond these generalised interpretations based on denouncing growing social perils, several empirical studies presented a more complex vision of these areas, showing that they in fact remain very heterogeneous socially.

The grandeur and decadence of the suburbs

Is periurbanisation a source of segregation? The early s saw a revival in analyses of periurban areas in debates on residential segregation. It is of note that it was a sociologist specialised in the banlieues the generally disadvantaged inner suburbs of French cities , Jacques Donzelot, who was one of the first to once again take an interest in periurban spaces.

These analyses are let down, however, by their overly generalising objectives: From being a space for the emergence of new lifestyles for Catherine Bidou in the s, periurban areas appear, 20 years on, to have become a place of retreat for middle classes destabilised by the economic and social transformations of the s and s. Representations of periurban spaces underwent a further shift during the presidential elections of and , when this socio-spatial category obtained unprecedented visibility in the mainstream media: Many criticisms have been levelled at these kinds of discourse, which are simplistic and miserabilist to say the least: Diverse residential and socio-professional trajectories.

Nevertheless, several recent ethnographic studies adopt a less simplistic view of the social dynamics at play in periurban spaces. What these studies have in common is the attention paid to residential trajectories and the social differentiations between classes or fractions of classes. From the perspective of localised analysis of social classes, they document in detail the aspirations of owners of single-family houses.

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Josette Debroux focuses, in turn, on the conjugal decisions and biographical circumstances that govern the residential strategies of households from the higher fractions of the middle classes: Anne Lambert , for her part, has studied a housing estate where the middle classes and working-class families from immigrant backgrounds live side-by-side. Her work shows that, in the face of the economic crisis that has prevailed since , local councillors have not managed to completely control who lives on the estate, despite trying to impose standards of architectural design that affect the cost of the houses.

Indeed, these constraints are circumvented by the developers, who want to sell houses on their subdivided plots. Far from suffering a socio-spatial relegation, these workers — some of whom have enjoyed professional promotions through access to supervisory posts — are, on the contrary, likely to value a model of social success linked to homeowner status.

These households from the higher fractions of the working classes, who work far from the old industrial centres, have to some extent been neglected by sociology of blue-collar work. And yet the forms of politicisation of this kind of work reflect the major changes that have affected the job market for employees in manufacturing and the service sector. For example, in these business parks, where traditional forms of work organisation have been left behind, it is difficult to see the emergence of social groups that are bound by common socio-professional affiliations, as was often the case previously in single-industry rural areas.

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Although the electoral behaviour of the working classes therefore remains heterogeneous in periurban areas, it nonetheless reflects the rising aspirations to social respectability among employees in stable situations, who seek to differentiate themselves from the less stable, stigmatised fractions of the working classes Collovald and Schwartz These recent studies perceive residential and socio-professional trajectories in terms of social aspirations, by showing that these aspirations can not only be a key factor of misjudgements and mismatches, but also, in other cases, sources of feelings of esteem and social respectability.

Moreover, when these ethnographic approaches are combined with quantitative data describing the sociological profile of residents of periurban spaces, what emerges above all is a notion of a mosaic and of diversity, far removed from certain stereotypes perpetuated in academia and the media. However, it must be remembered that that there are, in fact, fewer foreigners in these towns than anywhere else: You must be registered before participating in this forum. Please enter your personal identifier.

They provide translations of plays of both genres in their collection. As further illustration, the Wouters observe that English plays, much like English gardens, remain closer to nature than their French equivalents. The Wouters, it would seem, disapprove of this trend toward a more natural style, whether in the garden or on the stage; as translators, they promise to cloak the nakedness of English style in order to protect delicate French sensibilities. Indeed, the changes the Wouters make to the plays they translate have much more to do with this cloaking of bare nature than with formal revisions.

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Their lengthy discussion of differences between French and English styles ultimately serves more to justify the fact that the Wouters make significant changes to the plays they translate than to describe the actual nature of these changes. In fact, the Wouters follow their source plays closely, scene by scene and line by line. Their main alterations are all lexical in nature and seem to result more from a vision of theater as a school of manners and morals than from considerations of national character.

Most importantly for the Wouters, he also promoted stylistic reform: Miss in her Teens , the work that concerns us here, was first performed in London in There is another complication, however.

In order to rid herself of these men respectably, now that the captain is back, Miss Biddy, with the help of her clever maid Tag, tries to goad them into fighting each other so that one of them will be killed and the other will be either executed as a murderer or forced to flee. If the suitors refuse to fight for her hand, she will be able to dismiss them both for cowardice. A close reading of their language, however, reveals substantial, if subtle, changes. According to Nicole Bonvalet, this kind of adjustment on a lexical level was typical of translations into French in that period.

By eliminating these expressions, the Wouters promote a system of values in which communication between family members never sinks below a certain level of respect or decorum.

Their insistence upon titles promotes a similar kind of respect, in this case explicitly linked to class. Class thus becomes a more salient category in the French play than in the English one. Perhaps most obviously, they eliminate virtually all oaths making reference to the devil or damnation.

Interestingly, though, the Wouters do not hesitate to have their characters use the weaker, perhaps even dated, terms morbleu and parbleu , apparently sufficiently distanced from their original denotations so as to seem innocuous.

Primary sources and translations

From the start of the play, the desires of both the young and old Loveits are expressed more vividly in the English play than in the French. When Miss Biddy taunts him with a flirtatious glance, he threatens her with physical harm: At this point in the play, she is languishing for the captain. The English description of her symptoms of lovesickness is more precise than the French: Nonetheless, the Wouters do their best to tone down violent language by shortening descriptions and making them more abstract.

Miss Biddy tries to persuade Sir Simon to fight her current favorite—his son, as it turns out—more eagerly in the English version as well. As we have seen, the Wouters do not merely translate the source text; they transform it completely—among other things, reinscribing class distinctions and recasting characters. They have chosen this text deliberately, of course. In other words, what is good for the English is, ultimately, not good for the French:.

What mattered to the Wouters was creating morally superior versions of the English plays, regardless of their destination. They comment on and critique their favorite English playwrights even as they bring their work to a French audience. For modern readers, the Wouters provide a wealth of information about literary ideals in the late eighteenth century and valuable insight into language, manners, and other codes of conduct of French bourgeois society in the years leading up to the French Revolution.

Pauwels de Vis , Jean, , Dictionnaire biographique des belges , Brussels, s. Piron , Constant F. Ravel , Jeffrey S. For more on this issue, see Jeffrey S. It is clear, however, that essential differences in national character play the largest role for them. Palimpsestes Revue de traduction.