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Nazi Germany
Free Ebook Download Love Novels: Free Ebook Download LoveStar: Free Ebook Download Luck and Judgement: La Primavera Spanish Edition Book. Free Ebook Lean Enterprise: Free Ebook Leaving Katya Book. Free Ebook Left for Dead: Free Ebook Legion Book. Free Ebook Letters to Santa Book. Nazi Germany had a strong anti-tobacco movement as pioneering research by Franz H. Government-run health care insurance plans were available, but Jews were denied coverage starting in That same year, Jewish doctors were forbidden to treat government-insured patients. In , Jewish doctors were forbidden to treat non-Jewish patients and in their right to practice medicine was removed entirely.
Medical experiments, many of them pseudoscientific , were performed on concentration camp inmates beginning in Josef Mengele , camp doctor at Auschwitz. Nazi society had elements supportive of animal rights and many people were fond of zoos and wildlife. In , the Nazis enacted a stringent animal-protection law that affected what was allowed for medical research. When the Nazis seized power in , roughly 67 percent of the population of Germany was Protestant , 33 percent was Roman Catholic , while Jews made up less than 1 percent.
Nazi Germany - Wikipedia
Under the Gleichschaltung process, Hitler attempted to create a unified Protestant Reich Church from Germany's 28 existing Protestant state churches , [] with the ultimate goal of eradication of the churches in Germany. Persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany followed the Nazi takeover. Catholic schools were required to reduce religious instruction and crucifixes were removed from state buildings. Pope Pius XI had the " Mit brennender Sorge " "With Burning Concern" encyclical smuggled into Germany for Passion Sunday and read from every pulpit as it denounced the systematic hostility of the regime toward the church.
Enrolment in denominational schools dropped sharply and by all such schools were disbanded or converted to public facilities. He planned the "extermination of the foreign Christian faiths imported into Germany", and for the Bible and Christian cross to be replaced in all churches, cathedrals, and chapels with copies of Mein Kampf and the swastika. While no unified resistance movement opposing the Nazi regime existed, acts of defiance such as sabotage and labour slowdowns took place, as well as attempts to overthrow the regime or assassinate Hitler.
These networks achieved little beyond fomenting unrest and initiating short-lived strikes. The group was detected by the Gestapo and more than 50 members were tried and executed in The two groups saw themselves as potential rival parties in post-war Germany, and for the most part did not co-ordinate their activities. While civilian efforts had an impact on public opinion, the army was the only organisation with the capacity to overthrow the government. They believed Britain would go to war over Hitler's planned invasion of Czechoslovakia, and Germany would lose.
The plan was to overthrow Hitler or possibly assassinate him. The planned coup was cancelled after the signing of the Munich Agreement in September Several more attempts followed before the failed 20 July plot, which was at least partly motivated by the increasing prospect of a German defeat in the war. Evans , The Coming of the Third Reich The regime promoted the concept of Volksgemeinschaft , a national German ethnic community.
The goal was to build a classless society based on racial purity and the perceived need to prepare for warfare, conquest and a struggle against Marxism. As well as taking control of tens of thousands of privately run recreational clubs, it offered highly regimented holidays and entertainment such as cruises, vacation destinations and concerts.
Sub-chambers were set up to control aspects of cultural life such as film, radio, newspapers, fine arts, music, theatre and literature. Members of these professions were required to join their respective organisation. Jews and people considered politically unreliable were prevented from working in the arts, and many emigrated. Books and scripts had to be approved by the Propaganda Ministry prior to publication.
Standards deteriorated as the regime sought to use cultural outlets exclusively as propaganda media.
Radio became popular in Germany during the s; over 70 percent of households owned a receiver by , more than any other country. By July , radio station staffs were purged of leftists and others deemed undesirable. Newspapers, like other media, were controlled by the state; the Reich Press Chamber shut down or bought newspapers and publishing houses. By , over two thirds of the newspapers and magazines were directly owned by the Propaganda Ministry.
Under Goebbels, the Propaganda Ministry issued two dozen directives every week on exactly what news should be published and what angles to use; the typical newspaper followed the directives closely, especially regarding what to omit. Authors of books left the country in droves and some wrote material critical of the regime while in exile.
Goebbels recommended that the remaining authors concentrate on books themed on Germanic myths and the concept of blood and soil. By the end of , over a thousand books—most of them by Jewish authors or featuring Jewish characters—had been banned by the Nazi regime. Pacifist works, and literature espousing liberal, democratic values were targeted for destruction, as well as any writings supporting the Weimar Republic or those written by Jewish authors.
Hitler took a personal interest in architecture and worked closely with state architects Paul Troost and Albert Speer to create public buildings in a neoclassical style based on Roman architecture. Neither structure was built. Hitler's belief that abstract , Dadaist , expressionist and modern art were decadent became the basis for policy. The exhibition proved wildly popular, attracting over two million visitors. Movies were popular in Germany in the s and s, with admissions of over a billion people in , and Exports of German films plummeted, as their antisemitic content made them impossible to show in other countries.
The two largest film companies, Universum Film AG and Tobis , were purchased by the Propaganda Ministry, which by was producing most German films. The productions were not always overtly propagandistic, but generally had a political subtext and followed party lines regarding themes and content. Leni Riefenstahl 's Triumph of the Will —documenting the Nuremberg Rally—and Olympia —covering the Summer Olympics —pioneered techniques of camera movement and editing that influenced later films. New techniques such as telephoto lenses and cameras mounted on tracks were employed. Both films remain controversial, as their aesthetic merit is inseparable from their propagandising of National Socialist ideals.
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The Allied powers organised war crimes trials, beginning with the Nuremberg trials , held from November to October , of 23 top Nazi officials. They were charged with four counts—conspiracy to commit crimes, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity —in violation of international laws governing warfare. The result was convictions of 1, people; of these were sentenced to death and to life in prison, with the remainder receiving lesser sentences.
About 65 percent of the death sentences were carried out. The political programme espoused by Hitler and the NSDAP brought about a world war, leaving behind a devastated and impoverished Europe. Germany itself suffered wholesale destruction, characterised as Stunde Null Zero Hour. While Evans remarks that the era "exerts an almost universal appeal because its murderous racism stands as a warning to the whole of humanity", [] young neo-Nazis enjoy the shock value the use Nazi symbols or slogans provides. The process of denazification, which was initiated by the Allies as a way to remove Nazi Party members was only partially successful, as the need for experts in such fields as medicine and engineering was too great.
However, expression of Nazi views was frowned upon, and those who expressed such views were frequently dismissed from their jobs. While virtually every family suffered losses during the war has a story to tell, Germans kept quiet about their experiences and felt a sense of communal guilt, even if they were not directly involved in war crimes.
Study of the era and a willingness to critically examine its mistakes has led to the development of a strong democracy in Germany, but with lingering undercurrents of antisemitism and neo-Nazi thought. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the book, see Das Dritte Reich. Administrative divisions of Germany, January The German state from to , under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler's rise to power. Anschluss and German occupation of Czechoslovakia.
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Mass suicides in Nazi Germany. Territorial evolution of Germany. Government of Nazi Germany. Law in Nazi Germany. Economy of Nazi Germany. Nazism and race , Racial policy of Nazi Germany , and Nazi eugenics. Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany. Nazi crimes against the Polish nation. German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war. University education in Nazi Germany.
Women in Nazi Germany.
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Animal welfare in Nazi Germany. Religion in Nazi Germany. German resistance to Nazism. If the experience of the Third Reich teaches us anything, it is that a love of great music, great art and great literature does not provide people with any kind of moral or political immunization against violence, atrocity, or subservience to dictatorship. List of authors banned in Nazi Germany. Nazi architecture and Art of the Third Reich. See Statistisches Jahrbuch It could not be expected that even for a brief period our Air Force could make up for our lack of naval supremacy. The figure of 2 to 2.
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The German Red Cross still maintains that the death toll from the expulsions is 2. Goebbel's propaganda campaigns carried out in the second half of and again in had failed to convert them". Evans , p. Women in the Third Reich. Genocide of European Roma. The German Churches and the Nazi State. The Definitive Resource and Document Collection. The Second World War. A Concise History of Nazi Germany: Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities and Cultural Differences. Yearbook of European Studies.
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Retrieved 14 July American Journal of International Law. Technology, Food Safety, and the Environment. The Economic History of the Twentieth Century. University of California at Berkeley. Archived from the original on 11 May Retrieved 21 April Ten Years and Twenty Days. Inventing a Pathology of Catastrophe for Holocaust Survival: Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry series. University Press of New England. German Churches and the Holocaust. Das Bundesarchiv in German. Archived from the original on 21 October Retrieved 19 May The Coming of the Third Reich.
The Third Reich in Power. The Third Reich at War. British Historians and the European Continent. Cambridge; New York, NY: Farago, Ladislas []. International Propaganda and Communications. The German Resistance to Hitler — Fleming, Michael Spring A Further Challenge to the 'Elusiveness' Narrative". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Atlas of Nazi Germany: London; New York, NY: Nazi Germany and the Jews, — Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Retrieved 16 September Retrieved 25 September Germany West Presse- und Informationsamt With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer in German.
A History of the German Resistance to Hitler. Theory and Practice of Leadership. How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. University Press of Kansas. Suicide in Nazi Germany. Oxford; New York, NY: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. A Social History of Nazi Germany — Holt Rinehart and Winston. Hahn, Hans Henning; Hahnova, Eva Die Vertreibung im deutschen Erinnern.
Legenden, Mythos, Geschichte in German. Genocide Studies and Prevention: Retrieved 14 April Harding, Thomas 23 August Retrieved 22 December The Struggle for Europe: Hoffmann, Peter []. The History of the German Resistance, — German Resistance to Hitler. The Russians in the Soviet Union.
Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit in German. Kammerer, Willi; Kammerer, Anja New York, NY; London: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation 4th ed. Kershaw, Ian []. Image and Reality in the Third Reich. Khatyn State Memorial Complex. Retrieved 11 May Spitzenorganisation der Filmwirtschaft e.
Archived from the original PDF on 4 February Retrieved 10 May A History of Modern Germany, — Klemperer, Klemens von German Resistance Against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad Koldehoff, Stefan 29 November Retrieved 29 May Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Lakotta, Beate March Der Spiegel in German. Lewis, Brenda Ralph Retrieved 26 August One day they find the body of a young woman in the loft. Since there are only five keys to the loft, the five men begin to suspect each other of murder. Bart De Pauw screenplay. Our Favorite Trailers of the Week.
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