Argentine and the Man in Black: And Other Dark Fantasy Stories
In , he wrote in a letter to Robert E. All I say is that I think it is damned unlikely that anything like a central cosmic will, a spirit world, or an eternal survival of personality exist. They are the most preposterous and unjustified of all the guesses which can be made about the universe, and I am not enough of a hairsplitter to pretend that I don't regard them as arrant and negligible moonshine.
In theory, I am an agnostic , but pending the appearance of radical evidence I must be classed, practically and provisionally, as an atheist. In , famed magician and escapist Harry Houdini asked Lovecraft to ghostwrite a treatise exploring the topic of superstition. Houdini's unexpected death later that year halted the project, but The Cancer of Superstition was partially completed by Lovecraft along with collaborator C. A previously unknown manuscript of the work was discovered in in a collection owned by a magic shop. The book states "all superstitious beliefs are relics of a common 'prehistoric ignorance' in humans," and goes on to explore various superstitious beliefs in different cultures and times.
Some of Lovecraft's work was inspired by his own nightmares. Lovecraft's most significant literary influence was Edgar Allan Poe. He had a British writing style due to his love of British literature. Like Lovecraft, Poe's work was out of step with the prevailing literary trends of his era. Both authors created distinctive, singular worlds of fantasy and employed archaisms in their writings. This influence can be found in such works as his novella The Shadow over Innsmouth [] where Lovecraft references Poe's story " The Imp of the Perverse " by name in Chapter 3, and in his poem "Nemesis", where the " He was influenced by Arthur Machen 's [] carefully constructed tales concerning the survival of ancient evil into modern times in an otherwise realistic world and his beliefs in hidden mysteries which lay behind reality.
Lovecraft was also influenced by authors such as Oswald Spengler and Robert W. Lovecraft's discovery of the stories of Lord Dunsany , [] with their pantheon of mighty gods existing in dreamlike outer realms, moved his writing in a new direction, resulting in a series of imitative fantasies in a "Dreamlands" setting. He declared Blackwood's story " The Willows " to be the single best piece of weird fiction ever written. Another inspiration came from a completely different source: His astronomical telescope is now housed in the rooms of the August Derleth Society.
Lovecraft's materialist views led him to espouse his philosophical views through his fiction; these philosophical views came to be called cosmicism. Cosmicism took on a dark tone with his creation of what is today often called the Cthulhu Mythos, a pantheon of alien extra-dimensional deities and horrors which predate humanity, and which are hinted at in eons-old myths and legends. The term "Cthulhu Mythos" was coined by Lovecraft's correspondent and fellow author, August Derleth, after Lovecraft's death; Lovecraft jocularly referred to his artificial mythology as "Yog-Sothothery".
Lovecraft considered himself a man best suited to the early 18th century. His writing style, especially in his many letters, owes much to Augustan British writers of the Enlightenment like Joseph Addison and Jonathan Swift. Among the books found in his library as evidenced in Lovecraft's Library by S. Lovecraft's style has often been subject to criticism, [] yet scholars such as S. Joshi have shown that Lovecraft consciously utilized a variety of literary devices to form a unique style of his own — these include conscious archaism , prose-poetic techniques combined with essay-form techniques, alliteration , anaphora , crescendo , transferred epithet , metaphor , symbolism , and colloquialism.
Lovecraft was relatively unknown during his own time.
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He did, however, correspond regularly with other contemporary writers such as Clark Ashton Smith and August Derleth, [] who became good friends of his, even though they never met in person. This group of writers became known as the "Lovecraft Circle", since their writing freely borrowed elements of Lovecraft's stories, with his encouragement: After Lovecraft's death, the Lovecraft Circle carried on.
August Derleth in particular added to and expanded on Lovecraft's vision, not without controversy. While Lovecraft considered his pantheon of alien gods a mere plot device, Derleth created an entire cosmology, complete with a war between the good Elder Gods and the evil Outer Gods , such as Cthulhu and his ilk.
The forces of good were supposed to have won, locking Cthulhu and others up beneath the earth, in the ocean, and so forth. Derleth's Cthulhu Mythos stories went on to associate different gods with the traditional four elements of fire, air, earth and water — an artificial constraint which required rationalizations on Derleth's part as Lovecraft himself never envisioned such a scheme. Lovecraft's fiction has been grouped into three categories by some critics. While Lovecraft did not refer to these categories himself, he did once write: Lovecraft's writing, particularly the so-called Cthulhu Mythos, has influenced fiction authors including modern horror and fantasy writers.
Kiernan , William S. Burroughs , and Neil Gaiman , have cited Lovecraft as one of their primary influences. Beyond direct adaptation, Lovecraft and his stories have had a profound impact on popular culture. Some influence was direct, as he was a friend, inspiration, and correspondent to many of his contemporaries, such as August Derleth, Robert E.
Howard, Robert Bloch and Fritz Leiber. Konaka is an acknowledged disciple and has participated in Cthulhu Mythos, expanding several Japanese versions. Against the World, Against Life. Prolific American writer Joyce Carol Oates wrote an introduction for a collection of Lovecraft stories. The Library of America published a volume of Lovecraft's work in , a reversal of traditional judgment that "has been nothing so far from the accepted canon as Lovecraft".
Lovecraft has also influenced gaming, despite having hated games during his lifetime. Novel to the game was the Lovecraft-inspired insanity mechanic, which allowed for player characters to go insane from contact with cosmic horrors. This mechanic would go on to make appearance in subsequent table top and video games.
Though few subsequent Lovecraftian board games were released annually between and , the years after saw a surge in the number of Lovecraftian board games, possibly because of the entry of Lovecraft's work into the public domain combined with a revival of interest in board games. Few video games are direct adaptations of Lovecraft's works, but many video games have been inspired or heavily influenced by Lovecraft. Besides employing Cthulthean antagonists, games that invoke Lovecraftian horror have used mechanics such as insanity effects, or even fourth wall breaking effects that suggest to players that something has gone wrong with their game consoles.
Aside from his thinly veiled appearance in Robert Bloch's "The Shambler from the Stars", Lovecraft continues to be used as a character in supernatural fiction. An early version of Ray Bradbury 's "The Exiles" [] uses Lovecraft as a character, who makes a brief, word appearance eating ice cream in front of a fire and complaining about how cold he is. Lovecraft makes an appearance as a rotting corpse in The Chinatown Death Cloud Peril by Paul Malmont , a novel with fictionalized versions of a number of period writers.
German writer Wolfgang Hohlbein used H. Lovecraft as a main character in his pulp fiction series Der Hexer The Wizard , which is mainly based on the Cthulhu Mythos, even though the plot takes place before Lovecraft was born. Necronomicon , Witch Hunt , Out of Mind: The Stories of H.
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Lovecraft , Stargate SG Roswell , and Alan Moore 's comic Providence — A satirical version of Lovecraft named "H. Hatecraft" appeared as a recurring character on the Cartoon Network television series Scooby-Doo! A character based on Lovecraft also appears in the visual novel Shikkoku no Sharnoth: Howard" to most of the main characters. Another character based on Lovecraft appears in Afterlife with Archie. He is eventually killed when his body becomes host to an extradimensional being infecting the timestream.
Even his power, "The Great Old Ones" pays homage to his classic book, " The Call of Cthulhu ", which grants him the ability of transforming himself into an octopus-like monster resembling Cthulhu. The short story "The Invention of H. Azoulay suggests that Lovecraft was a fictional creation invented by Jorge Luis Borges. In Howard Lovecraft and the Frozen Kingdom , Howard Lovecraft is re-imagined as a seven year old version of himself, long before he became the famed horror writer H.
For most of the 20th century, the definitive editions specifically At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels , Dagon and Other Macabre Tales , The Dunwich Horror and Others , and The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions of his prose fiction were published by Arkham House , a publisher originally started with the intent of publishing the work of Lovecraft, but which has since published a considerable amount of other literature as well.
Penguin Classics has at present issued three volumes of Lovecraft's works: They collect the standard texts as edited by S. Joshi, most of which were available in the Arkham House editions, with the exception of the restored text of "The Shadow Out of Time" from The Dreams in the Witch House , which had been previously released by small-press publisher Hippocampus Press. In the prestigious Library of America canonized Lovecraft with a volume of his stories edited by Peter Straub , and Random House's Modern Library line have issued the "definitive edition" of Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness also including " Supernatural Horror in Literature ".
Lovecraft's poetry is collected in The Ancient Track: The Complete Poetical Works of H. Lovecraft Night Shade Books, , while much of his juvenilia, various essays on philosophical, political and literary topics, antiquarian travelogues, and other things, can be found in Miscellaneous Writings Arkham House, Lovecraft's essay "Supernatural Horror in Literature", first published in , is a historical survey of horror literature available with endnotes as The Annotated Supernatural Horror in Literature.
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Although Lovecraft is known mostly for his works of weird fiction , the bulk of his writing consists of voluminous letters about a variety of topics, from weird fiction and art criticism to politics and history. Sprague de Camp estimates that Lovecraft wrote , letters in his lifetime, a fifth of which are believed to survive.
He sometimes dated his letters years before the current date, which would have put the writing back in US colonial times, before the American Revolution a war that offended his Anglophilia. He explained that he thought that the 18th and 20th centuries were the "best", the former being a period of noble grace, and the latter a century of science. Lovecraft was not an active letter-writer in youth. In he admitted: The initial interest in letters stemmed from his correspondence with his cousin Phillips Gamwell but even more important was his involvement in the amateur journalism movement, which was initially responsible for the enormous number of letters Lovecraft produced.
Despite his light letter-writing in youth, in later life his correspondence was so voluminous that it has been estimated that he may have written around 30, letters to various correspondents, a figure which places him second only to Voltaire as an epistolarian. Lovecraft's later correspondence is primarily to fellow weird fiction writers, rather than to the amateur journalist friends of his earlier years. Lovecraft clearly states that his contact to numerous different people through letter-writing was one of the main factors in broadening his view of the world: My understanding and sympathies were enlarged, and many of my social, political, and economic views were modified as a consequence of increased knowledge.
Today there are five publishing houses that have released letters from Lovecraft, most prominently Arkham House with its five-volume edition Selected Letters these volumes severely abridge the letters they contain. The Letters of H. Lovecraft and Donald Wandrei et al. Lovecraft's Letters to R. Joshi is supervising an ongoing series of volumes collecting Lovecraft's unabridged letters to particular correspondents.
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Lord of a Visible World: An Autobiography in Letters was published in , in which Lovecraft's letters are arranged according to themes, such as adolescence and travel. Despite several claims to the contrary, there is currently no evidence that any company or individual owns the copyright to any of Lovecraft's work, and it is generally accepted that it has passed into the public domain. There has been controversy over the copyright status of many of Lovecraft's works, especially his later works. Lovecraft had specified that the young R. Barlow would serve as executor of his literary estate , [] but these instructions were not incorporated into the will.
Nevertheless, his surviving aunt carried out his expressed wishes, and Barlow was given charge of the massive and complex literary estate upon Lovecraft's death. Barlow deposited the bulk of the papers, including the voluminous correspondence, with the John Hay Library , and attempted to organize and maintain Lovecraft's other writing. August Derleth , an older and more established writer than Barlow, vied for control of the literary estate. One result of these conflicts was the legal confusion over who owned what copyrights. All works published before are public domain in the US.
Before the United States Copyright Act of , copyright lasted for 28 years from publication and a work that did not have its copyright renewed passed into the public domain. The Copyright Act of retroactively extended this renewal period for all works to a period of 47 years [] and the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of added another 20 years to that, for a total of 95 years from publication.
But everything turned on the renewal or expiration of copyright at the end of the first year term. The European Union Copyright Duration Directive of extended the copyrights to 70 years after the author's death. All of Lovecraft's works published during his lifetime became public domain in all 27 European Union countries on January 1, In those Berne Convention countries that have implemented only the minimum copyright period, copyright expires 50 years after the author's death.
On October 9, , Derleth purchased all rights to Weird Tales. However, since April at the latest, Lovecraft had reserved to himself all second printing rights to stories published in Weird Tales. Weird Tales may only have owned the rights to at most six of Lovecraft's tales. Again, even if Derleth did obtain the copyrights to Lovecraft's tales, there is no evidence that the copyrights were renewed. Joshi concludes in his biography of Lovecraft that Derleth's claims are "almost certainly fictitious" and that most of Lovecraft's works published in the amateur press are most likely now in the public domain.
The copyright for Lovecraft's works would have been inherited by the only surviving heir named in his will, his aunt Annie Gamwell. When Gamwell died in , the copyrights passed to her remaining descendants, Ethel Phillips Morrish and Edna Lewis, who then signed a document, sometimes referred to as the Morrish-Lewis gift, permitting Arkham House to republish Lovecraft's works while retaining the copyrights for themselves. Searches of the Library of Congress have failed to find any evidence that these copyrights were renewed after the year period, making it likely that these works are now in the public domain.
Chaosium, publishers of the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game, have a trademark on the phrase "The Call of Cthulhu" for use in game products. TSR later agreed to remove this section at Chaosium's request. In , Lovecraft Holdings, LLC, a company based out of Providence, filed trademark claims for clothing graphics of Lovecraft's name and silhouette.
Regardless of the legal disagreements surrounding Lovecraft's works, Lovecraft himself was extremely generous with his own works and encouraged others to borrow ideas from his stories and build on them, particularly with regard to his Cthulhu Mythos.
In , writer Donald Wandrei caused some controversy after he was offered a World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement but refused to accept it because the award was a bust of H. Lovecraft that he felt looked more like a caricature of Lovecraft than an actual representation. Maroney, editor of The New York Review of Science Fiction , also supported the call for the WFA to be changed from Lovecraft's face, suggesting it be replaced with a symbol representing the fantasy genre. Maroney argued this should be done "not out of disrespect for Lovecraft as a writer or as a central figure in fantasy, but as a courtesy to generations of writers whom the WFA hopes to honor.
Lovecraft drew extensively from his native New England for settings in his fiction. Numerous real historical locations are mentioned, and several fictional New England locations make frequent appearances. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the author. For the rock group, see H. With the advent of United I obtained a renewed will to live; a renewed sense of existence as other than a superfluous weight; and found a sphere in which I could feel that my efforts were not wholly futile. For the first time I could imagine that my clumsy gropings after art were a little more than faint cries lost in the unlistening void.
This section possibly contains synthesis of material which does not verifiably mention or relate to the main topic. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. Now all my tales are based on the fundamental premise that common human laws and interests and emotions have no validity or significance in the vast cosmos-at-large. To me there is nothing but puerility in a tale in which the human form—and the local human passions and conditions and standards—are depicted as native to other worlds or other universes.
To achieve the essence of real externality, whether of time or space or dimension, one must forget that such things as organic life, good and evil, love and hate, and all such local attributes of a negligible and temporary race called mankind, have any existence at all. Only the human scenes and characters must have human qualities. These must be handled with unsparing realism , not catch-penny romanticism but when we cross the line to the boundless and hideous unknown—the shadow-haunted Outside —we must remember to leave our humanity and terrestrialism at the threshold.
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. May Learn how and when to remove this template message. Lovecraftian horror and Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture. This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, using references to reliable sources , rather than simply listing appearances.
University of Texas Press. Retrieved August 3, The Dream World of H. A Dreamer and a Visionary: Lovecraft in His Time. The New York Times — via www. Lovecraft Encyclopedia, edited by S. Out of the Shadows: Retrieved September 17, Providence , Rhode Island. Retrieved August 4, The New York Review of Books. Retrieved February 15, Retrieved September 10, Archived from the original on October 4, Arkham House, , p.
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Love and Sex in the Cthulhu Mythos. The Dissonance Factor in imaginary Literature" Lovecraft Letter to Robert E. John Gray on the moral universe of H P Lovecraft". The Telegraph — via www. Supernatural Horror in Literature. Blackwood's fiction includes both novels and shorter tales Foremost of all must be reckoned The Willows Here art and restraint in narrative reach their very highest development, and an impression of lasting poignancy is produced without a, [sic] single strained passage or a single false note. Science Fiction Studies , 1. Lovecraft, Ligotti, and the Weirding of Philosophy".
Retrieved 15 June Master of Weird Fiction. Master of Weird Fiction , March 22, — via www. Is There Any Lovecraftian Anime? Archived from the original on August 13, Retrieved August 5, Retrieved October 7, Retrieved January 21, Tales The Library of America ". Retrieved March 10, University of Minnesota Press, , p.
The Psychedelic Voyage of H. Nick Warburton's Rock Music Archive. Music — Artists — Metallica: Interview with James Hetfield". Retrieved October 3, Where are all the Lovecraftian games? The genesis of Azeroth". Essays on the Fusion of Fear and Play. Sabrina the Teenage Witch returns". Retrieved June 10, Lovecraft - by S. Flapperhouse Magazine, Fall Archived from the original on October 3, Arkham House Publishers and the H. Retrieved November 28, The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural.
In Grant, John ; Clute, John. The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. Retrieved 18 September Chance of Face, Change of Heart". The Strange Life of H. The Forbidden Shadow " — via www. Dziemianowicz, Stefan July 12, , "Terror Eternal: The enduring popularity of H. Lovecraft's Afterlife" by John J. In the Mountains of Madness.
Discover the realities of the economic crisis in Argentina from a personal perspective — this movie deals with the cultural and class effects of the on-going financial problems in Argentina and is an art house gem to be discovered. A low-key, quirky story about two brothers dealing with the frustrating realities of everyday life in Buenos Aires while battling with a larger question — is there such a thing as a mufa , a jinx, who can pass this bad fortune on to others? A tough watch, but filled with moments of bleak humour. A sad movie, but ultimately worth the watch. An example of a new wave of Argentine indie cinema, developed jointly by the US and Argentina, Finding Sofia is mainly in English — more accessible for foreigners still new to Spanish.
Plus it has some lovely shots of beautiful, waterlogged Tigre in Buenos Aires. He counts the screws in each delivery to make sure the supplier is not cheating him. Order and control are everything. To prove his view that the world has gone mad, he collects newspaper articles about terrible calamities caused by a lack of care and control.
Get your castellano cursing up to scratch by studying Roberto and his reactions to stupid customers and crooked screw suppliers. We can all lose control. Relatos Salvajes is a set of six black comedy shorts combined to form an explosive, often hilarious, picture of what happens when ordinary people are pushed to the limit. Just put the subtitles on Spanish or English if your Spanish is not quite native-level. Relatos Salvajes was an Academy Award nominee and was enthusiastically welcomed on its opening in Argentina, with a heap of critical acclaim piled on it.
Or maybe you have — in which case, this film should bring back fond or frightening memories of an awful lot of shouting and swearing. The film was not initially well received by critics and was only a moderate success at the box office. But years later it became a cult classic and is much-loved by many Argentines who continue to watch it with glee even years after its release.
Leonardo Rafael Spregelburd lives with his wife and daughter in a prosperous part of La Plata, in a house famous for having been built by Le Corbusier. Tensions mount between the two men, until matters come to an unexpected end. The photography is top notch and the atmosphere unforgettable. Won the award for cinematography at the Sundance Film Festival in Historias Minimas Intimate Stories, A heart-warming road movie about three people traveling to the tiny town of San Julian in Patagonia.
A joint cooperation between Argentina and Spain, this is a computer-generated feature following the trails and tribulations of an underdog trying to save his town from an evil football player. A simple, gritty tale of young outcasts trying to survive another violent night in a violent city — Buenos Aires in the s.
Cult black and white indie movie telling the story of three friends, the film broken down into three parts dealing with the beginning of the dictatorship, the arrival of a new president in , and an imaginary as the film was made in Leave a Comment Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. In no particular order, here are some Argentine gems you need to see: And some more that made the cut: The following two tabs change content below.