Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries: Epidemiology, Treatment, Rehabilitation and Prevention

All authors contributed to the data collection and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Orthop Surg Res. Published online Apr Lior Laver , 1 Ioannis P. Pengas , 2 and Omer Mei-Dan 3, 4.

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Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Nov 15; Accepted Mar This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Associated Data Data Availability Statement Data sharing are not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abstract Extreme sports ES are usually pursued in remote locations with little or no access to medical care with the athlete competing against oneself or the forces of nature.

Background The definition of extreme sports ES inhabits any sports featuring high speed, height, real or perceived danger, a high level of physical exertion, and highly specialized gear or spectacular stunts and involves elements of increased risk. Epidemiology of extreme sports injuries Despite great evolution in traditional sports epidemiology, injury mechanisms in ES are less understood. Specific extreme sports and their associated injuries Skydiving Skydiving is a major air sports of parachuting from an aircraft, the International Parachuting Commission IPC reported in approximately 5.

Open in a separate window. Climbing Climbing is an adventure sports which has developed from alpine mountaineering. Surfing The sports of wave surfing is ever growing with a huge market involved, commercialization of surfing apparel and the surfing lifestyle, fashion trends, and media coverage. Skiing and snowboarding Skiing and snowboarding are the two main piste-based snow sports. Conclusions Extreme sports are increasing in popularity, being fun to participate in and exciting to watch.

Availability of data and materials Data sharing are not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Consent for publication Not applicable. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable.

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Injuries in extreme sports

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Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries Epidemiology, Treatment, Rehabilitation and Prevention

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