Works of Lew Wallace

He was a member of the court that tried the persons charged with assassinating Pres. In Wallace resigned from the army and returned to law practice.

He held two diplomatic positions by presidential appointment. He was governor of New Mexico Territory —81 and then U. Though Wallace also wrote poetry and a play, his literary reputation rests upon three historical novels: Its main character, a young Jewish patrician named Judah Ben-Hur, loses his family and freedom because of the injustice of a Roman officer but eventually triumphs through his own abilities and the intervention of Jesus. Ben-Hur was an enormous popular success; it was made into a play and a motion picture and then remade on a spectacular scale in two other motion-picture versions and An Autobiography , his last book, was published posthumously in We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles.

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Learn More in these related Britannica articles: Although the Union forces were defeated, the delay caused by the battle gave General Ulysses S.

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Grant time to send reinforcements for the defense of Washington, D. Of 6, Federal troops in the engagement, some 1, were killed, wounded, or missing in action. Smith 's division, was ordered to occupy Fort Heiman, an uncompleted Confederate fort across the river from Fort Henry. Wallace's troops secured the deserted fort and watched the Union attack on Fort Henry from their hilltop position.

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On February 6, after more than an hour of bombardment from the Union gunboats, Confederate Brig. Lloyd Tilghman , surrendered Fort Henry to Grant. Halleck , was concerned that Confederate reinforcements would try to retake the two forts when the Union troops moved overland toward Fort Donelson , so Wallace was left in command at Fort Henry to keep the forts secure. The order came at midnight on February Wallace arrived along the Cumberland River the following day and was placed in charge of the 3rd Division. Many of the men in the division were untested reinforcements.

During the fierce Confederate assault on February 15, and in Grant's absence from the battlefield, Wallace acted on his own initiative to send Cruft's brigade to reinforce the beleaguered division of Brig. McClernand , despite orders from Grant to hold his position and prevent the enemy from escaping and without Grant's authority to take the offensive. Wallace's decision stopped their forward movement and was key in stabilizing a defensive line for the Union troops. After the Confederate assault had been checked, Wallace led a counterattack that regained the lost ground on the Union right.

Smith were promoted to major general for their efforts. Wallace's most controversial command came at the battle of Shiloh , where he continued as the 3rd Division commander under Maj. What was to become a long-standing controversy developed around the contents of Wallace's written orders on April 6, the 3rd Division's movements on the first day of battle, and their late arrival on the field.

Don Carlos Buell 's army to play an important role in the Union victory. Thayer 's 2nd Brigade to Stoney Lonesome, 3 miles 4. Charles Whittlesey to Adamsville , 5. Smith 's 1st Brigade remained with Wallace at Crump's Landing, 5 miles 8. Between 5 and 6 a. Grant, who heard the early morning artillery fire, took a steamboat from his headquarters at Savannah, Tennessee , to Crump's Landing, where he gave Wallace orders to wait in reserve and be ready to move. Grant proceeded to Pittsburg Landing, where he arrived around 8: Knowledge of the area's roads played a critical role in Wallace's journey to the battlefield on April 6.

In late March, after heavy rains made transportation difficult between Crump's Landing and Pittsburg Landing, Wallace's men had opened a route to Pittsburg Landing along Shunpike road, which connected to a road near Sherman's camp. Of the two main routes that Wallace could use to move his men to the front, he chose the Shunpike road, the more direct route to reach Sherman's division near Shiloh Church. Wallace, stating his intention to do so. However, Grant claimed in his memoirs that he had ordered Wallace to take the route nearest to the river to reach Pittsburg Landing.

After a second messenger from Grant arrived around noon with word to move out, Wallace's division of approximately 5, men began their march toward the battlefield. Wallace considered attacking the Confederates, but abandoned the idea. Instead he made a controversial decision to countermarch his troops along the Shunpike road, follow a crossroads to the River Road, and then move south to Pittsburg Landing.

Rather than realigning his troops, so that the rear guard would be in the front, Wallace countermarched his column to maintain their original order, keeping his artillery in the lead position to support the Union infantry on the field [62] After the time-consuming maneuver was completed, Wallace's troops returned to the midpoint on the Shunpike road, crossed east over a path to the River Road, and followed it south to join Grant's army on the field.

Progress was slow due to the road conditions and countermarch. Wallace's division arrived at Pittsburg Landing about 6: They gathered at the battlefield at dusk, about 7 p. The next day, April 7, Wallace's division held the extreme right of the Union line. Two of Wallace's batteries with the aid of a battery from the 1st Illinois Light Artillery were the first to attack at about 5: At first, the battle was viewed by the North as a victory; however, on April 23, after civilians began hearing news of the high number of casualties, the Lincoln administration asked the Union army for further explanation.

Grant had placed much of the blame on General Wallace, whom he had sent verbal orders to bring his troops forward, accusing Wallace of failure in following those orders, which he believed resulted in the delay in moving up reserves, nearly costing the Union the loss of the battle. After hearing reports that Wallace refused to obey anything but written orders, an angry General Grant asserted that a division general ought to take his troops to wherever the firing may be, even without orders", and first sent Colonel William R.

Rowley , [69] ordering him to "tell him to come up at once" and that "if he should require a written order of you, you will give it to him at once".

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When Rowley caught up to where Wallace's division last was, there was only a supply wagon departing the scene. Riding on further Rowley found Wallace at the head of his column near Clear Creek, positioned on high ground. Rowley pulled Wallace off to the side and warned him of the danger that lay just ahead, exclaiming, "Don't you know that Sherman has been driven back? Why, the whole army is within half a mile of the river, and it's a question if we are not all going to be driven into it. On April 30, , Halleck reorganized his army and removed Wallace and John McClernand from active duty, placing both of them in reserve.

Wallace's reputation and career as a military leader suffered a significant setback from controversy over Shiloh. He also wrote Grant several letters and met with him in person more than once in an attempt to vindicate himself. On August 16, , Wallace wrote Sherman for advice on the issue. Sherman urged Wallace to be patient and not to request a formal inquiry.

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Although Sherman brought Wallace's concerns to Grant's attention, Wallace was not given another active duty command until March For many years Grant stood by his original version of the orders to Wallace. As late as , when Grant wrote an article on Shiloh for The Century Magazine that appeared in its February issue, he maintained that Wallace had taken the wrong road on the first day of battle. Wallace's widow gave Grant a letter that Lew Wallace had written to her the day before the battle the one indicating his plans to use the Shunpike road to pass between Shiloh and his position west of Crump's Landing , Grant changed his mind.

Grant's article in the February issue of Century became the basis of his chapter on Shiloh in his memoirs, which were published in , and influenced many later accounts of Wallace's actions on the first day of battle.



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Will the world ever acquit me of them? If I were guilty I would not feel them as keenly. On August 17, , Wallace accepted a regiment command in the Department of the Ohio to help with the successful defense of Cincinnati during Braxton Bragg 's incursion into Kentucky. Next, Wallace took command of Camp Chase , a prisoner-of-war camp at Columbus, Ohio , where he remained until October 30, A month later Wallace was placed in charge of a five-member commission to investigate Maj.



Don Carlos Buell 's conduct in response to the Confederate invasion of Kentucky. The commission criticized Buell for his retreat, but it did not find him disloyal to the Union. When the commission's work was completed on May 6, , Wallace returned to Indiana to wait for a new command. Wallace's most notable service came on Saturday, July 9, at the Battle of Monocacy part of the Valley Campaigns of Although Confederate General Jubal A. Early and an estimated 15, troops defeated Wallace's troops at Monocacy Junction, Maryland, forcing them to retreat to Baltimore, the effort cost Early a chance to capture Washington, D.

Early arrived in Washington at around noon on July 11, two days after defeating Wallace at Monocacy, the northernmost Confederate victory of the war, [82] but Union reinforcements had already arrived at Fort Stevens to repel the Confederates and force their retreat to Virginia. After the battle Wallace informed Halleck that his forces fought until 5 p. When Grant learned of the defeat, he named Maj. If Early had been but one day earlier, he might have entered the capital before the arrival of the reinforcements I had sent.

A Romance of Indian History Complete. Wanderings Among the Falashas in Abyssinia. Everyday Life In Ancient Egypt. Works of William Alexander Clouston. The Capture of Fort Donelson. The Fair God Illustrated. A Tale of The Christ. How to write a great review.

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Lew Wallace: Shiloh Soldier - Ben-Hur Bard Open

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