Spirit Material Evidence

Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you entirely; and may your spirit and soul and body be preserved complete, without blame at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ 1 Thessalonians 5: Man is made up of physical material, the body, that can be seen and touched. But he is also made up of immaterial aspects, which are intangible -- this includes the soul, spirit, intellect, will, emotions, conscience, and so forth. These immaterial characteristics exist beyond the physical lifespan of the human body and are therefore eternal.

These immaterial aspects -- the spirit, soul, heart, conscience, mind and emotions -- make up the whole personality. The Bible makes it clear that the soul and spirit are the primary immaterial aspects of humanity, while the body is the physical container that holds them on this earth. This is the entire material or physical structure of a human being -- it is the physical part of a person. The Apostle Paul, writing to the Romans again connects the body, the mind soul and the spirit.

Therefore I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a living and holy sacrifice, acceptable to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind , so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect Romans For you have been bought with a price: The soul and the spirit are mysteriously tied together and make up what the Scriptures call the "heart.

The writer of Proverbs declares, " Watch over your heart with all diligence, for from it flow the springs of life. After finishing its northeast tour of the rim at Tierra del Fuego -- the end of the line -- at the end of April, Opportunity literally bounded into the month with newfound energy. As this rover's luck would have it, three dust-cleaning events in late April caused the peak electrical current from this rover's solar arrays to climb above 4. So the rover hit the rim road energized and ready to begin what may be the most challenging part of its journey.

After completing a checkout on its new autonomous driving, hazard avoidance software early in the month, Opportunity drove to the southeastern edge at the Cape of Good Hope and took the planned set of super high-resolution pictures of the cross-bedding at Cape St. Vincent, then continued on. It is currently on the long drive back to Cape Verde where it will get another set of super high-resolution images of Cape St. Mary, which, like Cape St.

Vincent boasted the most impressive cross-bedding the rover found. Beyond the stunning new science and feats of performance they returned in May, the twin robot field geologists continued to stream down one spectacular, jaw-dropping, Martin image after another from the panoramic camera Pancam. The Cornell University professor of astronomy is the principal investigator of the Pancam. Through it all, Spirit and Opportunity have remained in good health with all instruments continuing to defy the odds, reported Bruce W.

As spring settles on the southern hemisphere of Mars, the tau is dropping a little bit -- meaning the atmosphere is clearing of dust -- and both rovers are getting enough sunlight to power their batteries. While Spirit is faring well with an output of watt-hours, Opportunity set a new power record for this late in the mission of more than watt-hours.

There were no significant Martian dust storms and nothing in the immediate forecast, insofar as weather n Mars can be forecast. The weather has been pretty benign this past month," Banerdt confirmed. The science team decided to head up onto Home Plate sooner rather than later and decided to take the accidental onramp it found there some weeks ago. The rover logged a busy first day in May, recording a movie in search of dust devils with the navigation camera NavCam , checking out a light-toned patch of churned-up soil dubbed Gertrude Weise from a distance with the miniature thermal emission spectrometer Mini-TES , and then driving 1.

Throughout May, Spirit balanced its geology agenda with daily atmospheric studies as it has been throughout the mission, monitoring dust levels with the Pancam , surveying the sky and ground with the Mini-TES, as well as periodically searching for clouds with the NavCam and monitoring dust on its mast.

The rover also acquired more full-color Pancam images of GoodQuestion and super-resolution images of another target called Fern Shollenberger. On the following sol, Spirit watched again for dust devils in the morning and checked for drift changes over time in the Mini-TES, then drove 6. The rover had actually exposed the soil when it dragged its bad right wheel over it on Sol March 29, The Mini-TES provides mineral composition information about targets viewed from a distance and the indications it found for silica in the churned-up soil prompted Ruff who prompted the team to direct Spirit close enough to touch the soil with the APXS.

It's got silica in it. You have to go check this out. Everybody goes -- 'Ohhhh, okkkaaay. In its report in the May 4 issue of Science, Squyres and colleagues revealed the evidence that shows the area near Home Plate is dominated by basaltic rocks. It's the pressure from the steam that causes it to go boom. When you look at composition of the rocks in detail, there are hints that water may have been involved.

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One of the strongest pieces of evidence for an explosive origin for Home Plate is a "bomb sag" preserved in layered rocks on the lower slopes of the plateau. On Earth, bomb sags form in volcanic explosions when rocks ejected skyward by the explosion fall into soft deposits, deforming them as they land.

It may well be that he volcano or volcanoes in the area were dramatically dynamic.

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Another is Home Plate and perhaps its buddies nearby are a suite of volcanic explosives. The third is we're looking at various impact deposits.

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Since leaving Low Ridge last November, its haven during the last Martian winter, Spirit has been driving up and down this little valley in between Mitcheltree Ridge and Home Plate proper and looking at these layers. It's possible the Tyrone sulfate deposits also represent volcanic exhalations from Home Plate and whatever other volcanoes were in the Inner Basin actively spewing things out," he suggested. That is all in contrast obviously to an impact where one would expect that single event to massively jumble things together.

Spirit continued its fieldwork as the month progressed, watching for dust devils, completing a systematic foreground study with the Mini-TES, acquiring NavCam images in support of observations with the Mini-TES , and conducting a study of atmospheric argon using the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer APXS on Sol May 4, After acquiring more full-color Pancam images of Gertrude Weise on Sol May 6, , Spirit drove 5 meters 16 feet in its final approach to the now much-anticipated soil target.

There, it autonomously placed the microscopic imager MI on the patch and took some more images, including a degree panorama of the terrain with the NavCam and a mosaic of images with the Pancam. And on the seventh day, Spirit rested, spending the afternoon recharging its battery with energy from its solar array, after taking thumbnail images of the sky with the Pancam. Spirit began the second week of May on Sol searching again for dust devils with the NavCam and beginning what would be a two-week analysis Gertrude Weise and a specific target there called Kenosha Comets [after the team for which Weise played].

For the next week or so, Spirit continued it close-up examination of Kenosha Comets using all of the instruments on the instrument deployment device IDD. During the ensuing sols, when the rover wasn't working on Kenosha Comets, it was taking full color Pancam images of such targets as Muriel Bevis and Marie Wegman, which it also analyzed with the Mini-TES, and taking images of the horizon and a low Sun survey of McCool Hill. When the data from Gertrude Weise was in and the analysis done, the MER science team was stunned by the results. Considering the staggering amount of silica, the soil seemingly had to be formed by processes that require the presence of water.

Spirit 's silica discovery underscored the value of teamwork and strong payload of investigative tools. I would say this is probably Mini-TES ' finest hour on the whole mission and this is the way the whole mission is supposed to work -- you use the remote sensing tools to find the interesting stuff, then you use the stuff from the IDD to really nail it down.

It's crazy," he said. It's so nearly pure silica it makes it hard to analyze. Spirit previously found other indicators of past water at the site, including patches of water-bearing, sulfur-rich soil; alteration of minerals; and evidence of explosive volcanism. But this nearly pure silica soil is "some of the best evidence" this rover has found for water at Gusev, Yen assessed.

Perhaps even more amazing is that the rover actually accidentally uncovered Gertrude Weise when it was driving near Home Plate, dragging it lame front right wheel, one of few failures on mission, a definite silver lining in what had to be assumed to be a dark cloud. The consequences of it are that we're scraping up the terrain as we go along now and we're uncovering all sorts of interesting stuff. This is one of the biggest findings of the whole mission and it was brought about by the failure of the right front wheel and that is a silver lining -- plus having the payload we need to find things and follow up.

Spirit is now on the lookout for more exposures of this concentrated silica soil in order to learn more about it and try to determine for certain how this forms.

Now that we know that we know Mini-TES is such a good silica-finder now, we're just hitting everything in site to find more of this stuff," confirmed Squyres. One possible origin for the silica could have been interaction of soil with acid vapors produced by volcanic activity in the presence of water. Another could have been from water in a hot spring environment.

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The only thing that you tend to leave is silica and titanium and these are the elements that we see that are enhanced in this particular sample. We're seeing high variability in this area and so, bottom line, we don't fully understand what's going on, but it likely involves water. The high silica content is not rare on Earth, even in basaltic volcanic complexes. When it deposits, basically, it's acid rain in the Kau Desert and when the vapor comes down as liquid and the liquid evaporates, it produces high silica deposits in many locations.

It's also true that if you walk around and kick up the ash, in some places where there are steam vents you can see sulfate deposits. I think what's happening is the sulfate is soluble in rainwater, so you don't get it at the surface; whereas, you do get the high silica deposits. Spirit worked within about 50 yards of the Gertrude Weise area for more than 18 months before the silica soil was found.

For centuries, people believed that flames turned blue in the presence of ghosts. Today, few people accept that bit of lore, but it's likely that many of the signs taken as evidence by today's ghost hunters will be seen as just as wrong and antiquated centuries from now. Other researchers claim that the reason ghosts haven't been proven to exist is that we simply don't have the right technology to find or detect the spirit world. But this, too, can't be correct: Either ghosts exist and appear in our ordinary physical world and can therefore be detected and recorded in photographs, film, video and audio recordings , or they don't.

If ghosts exist and can be scientifically detected or recorded, then we should find hard evidence of that — yet we don't. If ghosts exist but cannot be scientifically detected or recorded, then all the photos, videos, audio and other recordings claimed to be evidence of ghosts cannot be ghosts. With so many basic contradictory theories — and so little science brought to bear on the topic — it's not surprising that despite the efforts of thousands of ghost hunters on television and elsewhere for decades, not a single piece of hard evidence of ghosts has been found.

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And, of course, with the recent development of "ghost apps" for smartphones, it's easier than ever to create seemingly spooky images and share them on social media, making separating fact from fiction even more difficult for ghost researchers. Most people who believe in ghosts do so because of some personal experience; they grew up in a home where the existence of friendly spirits was taken for granted, for example, or they had some unnerving experience on a ghost tour or local haunt.

However, many people believe that support for the existence of ghosts can be found in no less a hard science than modern physics. It is widely claimed that Albert Einstein suggested a scientific basis for the reality of ghosts, based on the First Law of Thermodynamics: Could that somehow be manifested as a ghost? It seems like a reasonable assumption — unless you understand basic physics. The answer is very simple, and not at all mysterious. After a person dies, the energy in his or her body goes where all organisms' energy goes after death: The energy is released in the form of heat, and the body is transferred into the animals that eat us i.



There is no bodily "energy" that survives death to be detected with popular ghost-hunting devices. While amateur ghost hunters like to imagine themselves on the cutting edge of ghost research, they are really engaging in what folklorists call ostension or legend tripping. It's basically a form of playacting in which people "act out" a legend, often involving ghosts or supernatural elements.

In his book " Aliens, Ghosts, and Cults: Legends We Live " University Press of Mississippi, folklorist Bill Ellis points out that ghost hunters themselves often take the search seriously and "venture out to challenge supernatural beings, confront them in consciously dramatized form, then return to safety.

Are Ghosts Real? — Evidence Has Not Materialized

The stated purpose of such activities is not entertainment but a sincere effort to test and define boundaries of the 'real' world. If ghosts are real, and are some sort of as-yet-unknown energy or entity, then their existence will like all other scientific discoveries be discovered and verified by scientists through controlled experiments — not by weekend ghost hunters wandering around abandoned houses in the dark late at night with cameras and flashlights.

In the end and despite mountains of ambiguous photos, sounds, and videos the evidence for ghosts is no better today than it was a year ago, a decade ago, or a century ago.