LIllustration, No. 0001, 4 Mars 1843 (French Edition)

Information on types is provided here only for cases discussed in the notes. We also started adding photos of types to the scratchpad, but this will be far from complete when this paper is published. Type species of genera and type genera of family group names are always given in the list, using several similar abbreviations as suggested by Pullen et al. In the online html version of the list automatically hyperlinked. Here we report extant named species of Nepticulidae and Opostegidae , a total of For the 18 fossil species we refer to our earlier catalogue Doorenweerd et al. Diversity of extant Nepticuloidea per geographic region and globally.

L'Illustration, No. , 4 Mars by Various - Free Ebook

Numbers are validly described species. When only unnamed species of a certain genus are known from a region this is indicated by a plus sign, brackets indicate occurrence just at the edge of the region. When generic assignment is uncertain, the number is given in italics. There is a strong bias for the West Palearctic with Nepticulidae , but the highest number of Opostegidae is for the Neotropics 89 , which probably better reflects the reality.

The following lines present a short summary of our current knowledge of Nepticuloidea per region. As has also become clear from the taxonomic history, until recently most work concentrated on the European fauna, and probably the majority of species have been described by now. Europe, excluding Cyprus, but including Macaronesia, contains named species.

We know of about 20 unnamed species of Trifurcula , eight Parafomoria and a small number of Stigmella , particularly Rhamnus feeders and several species belonging to the Stigmella salicis complex van Nieukerken et al. Several key works deal with parts of Europe Johansson et al. The largest genus is Stigmella , as in most regions, but also Ectoedemia is very diverse here with a particularly rich fauna associated with oaks van Nieukerken et al. Both genera feed particularly on Fagaceae , Rosaceae , Betulaceae and Salicaceae , and Stigmella also on Rhamnaceae and a few other families.

Although Europe has no endemic genera, the three Mediterranean genera Parafomoria , Glaucolepis and Trifurcula have by far their largest diversity here, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula, and to a lesser extent in Italy and Greece. Most of these feed on shrubs and some herbs in the typical Mediterranean habitats as Garrigue or Maquis, with Parafomoria specialising on Cistaceae , Trifurcula on Fabaceae , mostly brooms Genisteae and Loteae, whereas Glaucolepis has groups of species feeding on Lamiaceae , Apiaceae: Fomoria has a centre of diversity in Greece and Turkey with at least six species feeding on Hypericum.

Acalyptris also has most species in South East Europe, with the staticis group specialised on Plumbaginaceae and often occurring along the sea coast, and four species in the platani group on Platanaceae , Loranthaceae and Anacardiaceae.

Etainia and Zimmermannia are widespread in Europe, the first associated with Sapindaceae Acer and Ericaceae Arctostaphylos , whereas most Zimmermannia are barkminers in Fagaceae , and one in Ulmus. Simplimorpha has one species, Stigmella promissa , oligophagous on Anacardiaceae in southern Europea, whereas the single Enteucha , Enteucha acetosae occurs in Central and Eastern Europe on Rumex species Polygonaceae.

Obviously Europe is part of this region, and its fauna continues along the Mediterranean coasts, but there is a great difference in the knowledge of the faunas inside and outside of Europe. The region has only 50 species that are not known from Europe the total of minus The typical Mediterranean fauna continues in North Africa, Turkey and the Levant, but has been poorly sampled and will probably contain still many new taxa to discover.

Turkey and Iran in particular are promising countries for high diversities, Turkey has a large diversity in such host plant genera as Quercus and Hypericum. In the desert areas of the Middle East, North Africa and the Arabian peninsula other groups become important, such as the Acalyptris psammophricta and shafirkanus groups Puplesis et al.

This is a huge area, with major differences between the rather dry and mountainous Central Asia and the almost subtropical forested areas of the Sino-Japanese zone. The named Nepticulidae and 12 Opostegidae certainly only represent the tip of the iceberg.

Much work has been done on parts of the former Soviet Union: In this area Stigmella and Ectoedemia are particularly common in the mountainous areas, with species feeding particularly on Rosaceae , Salicaceae and Rhamnaceae , but in desert areas Acalyptris becomes an important element with members of the psammophricta and shafirkanus groups of which biologies are mostly completely unknown. The northern part of the area, Siberia, has many trans-palearctic species, particularly Stigmella and Ectoedemia species feeding on Betula and Ericaceae feeders as Stigmella lediella on Rhododendron and Fomoria weaveri on Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

A paper on Siberian nepticulids is in preparation van Nieukerken, Kirichenko et al. Eastern Asia is a very rich faunistic area, with very diverse forests containing many potential host plants. Initial fieldwork in China has resulted in the recognition of a very rich fauna of at least some species, but to date only few have been described van Driel and van Nieukerken ; van Nieukerken and Liu For Japan we have a working list of at least species, the recent fauna work listed ca 75 Hirano ; Hirowatari Obviously all these faunas have a large overlap, and are characterised by dominance of Ectoedemia and Stigmella Kemperman et al.

On many tree species there are multiple species in both genera, particularly in Fagaceae , Betulaceae , Juglandaceae , Rosaceae , Ulmaceae and Salicaceae , but also the fauna on Ericaceae and Sapindaceae is comparatively rich. Linking species names from species described from adults only to leafmines from which no adults have emerged is still a challenge, but due to an increasing number of available barcodes more and more of these are linked and publications are being prepared.

In Stigmella there are also a few species feeding on monocots: The smaller genera Etainia , Fomoria and Bohemannia are relatively rich in this area, and in the more southern parts Acalyptris and Enteucha become more important, the latter with a number of species feeding on Polygonaceae , to date all unnamed van Nieukerken b. In the Opostegidae the genus Opostegoides is particularly rich with six named species. The number of named species for the oriental region is still very low with only 30 Nepticulidae , but the Opostegidae have been revised Puplesis and Robinson and number 39 species.

From our fieldwork in Vietnam, Borneo and Taiwan, it is clear that there is a rich fauna of leafmining Nepticulidae in this region, but it is a challenge to find sufficient numbers of larvae that can be reared to adults. We have never been very successful with light collecting adults in this region, but some — often poor — material is available in various collections.

The genera Stigmella and Acalyptris are most diverse in this area, Ectoedemia is becoming much rarer further away from the Palearctic, but still occurs on Rubus from the North as far as Borneo, forming a complex of closely related species.

L'Illustration, No. 0001, 4 Mars 1843 by Various

In Borneo we also discovered the first non-Australian species in the genus Menurella formerly in Pectinivalva: Menurella xenadelpha on Syzygium acuminatissimum Myrtaceae Hoare and van Nieukerken Stigmella species have a wide variety of hosts, including tropical groups such as Dipterocarpaceae , Meliaceae , Phyllanthaceae and Moraceae Ficus species , the large majority belonging to non-core Stigmella. There are also species in the Stigmella betulicola group feeding on grasses such as Oplismenus and Cyperaceae Cyperus: Stigmella xystodes van Nieukerken Acalyptris have an even wider range of hosts throughout the eudicots, most species belonging to the Acalyptris platani group.

The Opostegidae are characterised by many species in Opostegoides and Pseudopostega , and single species in Opostega and Eosopostega Puplesis and Robinson The fauna of northern parts of the Oriental region, Nepal, northern Vietnam, Taiwan, has a much more Palearctic character, often sharing the same host plant genera and comprises for instance also several Ectoedemia , the Polygonaceae feeding Enteucha species, including the only named one, Enteucha diplocosma and Fomoria species feeding both on Lamiaceae: Callicarpa and Vitex and Hypericaceae van Nieukerken Further just a few were described from Gambia Gustafsson and outside that area just five species have been named; also collections are poor in unidentified material.

But even in South Africa much of the diversity is still unknown, and every new collection contains unnamed species. Two monotypic endemic genera Varius and Areticulata have an uncertain placement and may be synonyms to existing genera. The genera Simplimorpha and Muhabbetana are near endemic, both also occur in the adjacent Mediterranean region.

Simplimorpha is specialised on Anacardiaceae , and most African Muhabbetana feed on Ebenaceae and Celastraceae. Fomoria and Acalyptris are relatively diverse genera with broad host ranges.

L'Illustration, No. 3236, 4 Mars 1905

Stigmella is the largest genus, as everywhere, but with a dominance of species belonging to non-core Stigmella. The Ectoedemia commiphorella group has several species feeding on Burseraceae and is possibly sister to the northern hemisphere Ectoedemia Doorenweerd et al. Also the group of African Etainia species seems to be sister to the Holarctic Etainia , but hosts and biology are completely unknown. The two species assigned to Trifurcula Scoble a may not belong there, a closer study of these species is needed.

The island fauna of the Indian Ocean is still poorly known: However, we have seen examples or DNA barcodes of Nepticulidae from Madagascar that show the presence of the genera Acalyptris , Muhabbetana , Ectoedemia and Stigmella. Australia proper has a very rich and special fauna with an estimate of about species of Nepticulidae as currently available in collections Hoare , of which approximately 30 have been named.

Australia has four almost endemic genera: The other large genus is Stigmella with an estimated number of at least 80 species, with the most important host families being Rutaceae , Fabaceae including Acacia , Sapindaceae , Euphorbiaceae , Phyllanthaceae and Rhamnaceae Hoare ; a large number of these species belong to non-core Stigmella. Fomoria has just a few species in the vannifera group on Brassicaceae and one in the weaveri group on Salicaceae Hoare b ; Doorenweerd et al. There is a rich opostegid fauna with 24 named species, but they have not yet been revised.

The genera Opostegoides and Pseudopostega at least occur here, and there is possibly also a species of Eosopostega Hoare The fauna of New Guinea is virtually unknown, we have only seen a few species of Stigmella. New Zealand has a fauna quite unrelated to Australia, only the genus Stigmella , with the Stigmella ogygia group occurs here, with 27 named and ca 12 unnamed species. Interestingly, its sistergroup is the epicosma group in South America.

Many New Zealand species feed on shrubby and herbaceous Asteraceae , such as Olearia or Senecio , but there are also species feeding on Malvaceae , Ericaceae and Nothofagaceae Donner and Wilkinson There are no opostegids known from New Zealand. On the many Pacific islands only few Nepticulidae are known, Stigmella ebbenielseni , feeding on Pipturus Urticaceae was described from Guam van Nieukerken and van den Berg , and a few other Urticaceae feeding Stigmella are reported in the same paper from Polynesia and Fiji.

No nepticulids are known from Hawaii, but there occurs the interesting endemic genus Paralopostega , with a small radiation of species, making leafmines on Melicope formerly Pelea , Rutaceae Swezey ; Zimmerman , Davis, The adults of two species are known, but these have not been placed to genus, and require further study.

The fauna could well be diverse and important, in common with the very rich and unusual flora of this island. The fauna of the Nearctic is relatively poor with 85 named Nepticulidae and ten Opostegidae. Two of us EvN and CD have been collecting leafmines throughout North America, whereas Davis has draft descriptions of 20 new species and several other people are contributing to a much better knowledge. Some of our results are shown in this list with notes, and several manuscripts are underway. Even though there are still quite a few unnamed species to describe, overall the fauna is not as rich as in the Palearctic, or even Europe alone.

We do not know the cause, but it is interesting to note that other groups of leafminers are much more diverse in the Nearctic than in the Palearctic Tischeriidae , Bucculatricidae , several groups of Gracillariidae. By far the largest genus is Stigmella , with groups specialising on amongst others Fagaceae , Betulaceae , Juglandaceae , Rhamnaceae , Rosaceae and Anacardiaceae ; typical species groups for this region are the saginella and quercipulchella groups with oak feeding species and the prunifoliella group feeding on Anacardiaceae , Rhamnaceae Ceanothus and Rosaceae Prunus ; most other species groups are shared with the Palearctic.

Particularly in California and Arizona there are largely unstudied radiations of species on Quercus and Ceanothus. Ectoedemia is not nearly as diverse as in the Palearctic, and for instance has not more than three species feeding on oaks, but it has some other hosts including Platanaceae and Cornaceae Nyssa. The genus Acalyptris still has a large undiscovered diversity, with several species specialising on Cyperaceae in wetlands, like the type species of Microcalyptris , Acalyptris scirpi. Fomoria , Etainia and Glaucolepis are small genera with just a few species, but the barkmining Zimmermannia has a few more species even though we synonymise here eight names and is a widespread element, with associations with Fagaceae , Salicaceae and possibly Betulaceae.

The fauna of southern Florida is more Neotropical with its two species of Enteucha on seagrape Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae and various other species in Acalyptris , Stigmella and Pseudopostega. In northern North America there are several Holarctic species, particularly feeding on Betula eg Ectoedemia occultella , minimella or Ericaceae Fomoria weaveri and some European species have been introduced paper in preparation.

Currently named species of Nepticulidae plus 13 informally named species and 89 Opostegidae are known, but due to active research new species are added regularly, particularly by Stonis and co-authors reviewed by van Nieukerken et al. The fauna differs remarkably from most other regions, with three endemic genera in Nepticulidae: Ozadelpha , Neotrifurcula and Hesperolyra , and two endemic genera in Opostegidae: Most of the named Nepticulidae belong to Stigmella , but also here with endemic species groups: Host plant relationships are also special: The Nothofagus forest of austral South America is the locality for several endemics, and Notiopostega is known to make extremely long mines in the cambium of Nothofagus trees.

It is possible that species of Neotrifurcula are also barkminers of Nothofagus , and for the Stigmella purpurimaculae group there is a strong suspicion that they make leafmines in Nothofagus Stonis et al. Ozadelpha species are associated with Myrtales: Melastomataceae and Myrtaceae , and the only species of Hesperolyra where the host is known also feeds on Myrtaceae. There are nine species of Enteucha , and where known they feed on Polygonaceae: For the large number of Acalyptris species there are only few host records, including Fabaceae and Verbenaceae.

In the northern part of the Neotropics there is greater similarity with the Nearctic fauna, and this is particularly the case for the recently discovered diversity of Quercus miners in Guatemala and Colombia Stonis et al. The generic placement of the few Neotropical species now placed in Ectoedemia , Fomoria and Glaucolepis requires further study, Zimmermannia occurs in Mesoamerica with an unnamed species with genitalia very similar to Zimmermannia bosquella Puplesis and Robinson In the Opostegidae the genus Pseudopostega is remarkably diverse with 82 species, unfortunately as yet without any knowledge of host associations Davis and Stonis Not a single nepticuloid species is known from the Oceanic Atlantic islands south of Macaronesia such as St.

Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha , the Falklands , but their occurrence still could be possible. The fauna of Macaronesia is mostly endemic, particularly on the Canarian Islands, with mostly Mediterranean or African elements of Glaucolepis , Muhabbetana , Fomoria , Acalyptris and Stigmella.

The fauna of the Azores and Madeira is very poor with respectively one and four species, some of which have been introduced Karsholt and Vieira ; Aguiar and Karsholt No nepticulids are yet known from Cabo Verde, but are expected to occur there, and in the North Atlantic there are no Nepticulidae known from Greenland or Iceland, nor any of the smaller islands. Family Stigmellidae Hampson, Subfamily Pectinivalvinae Scoble, Pectinivalva Scoble, syn.: Subfamily Nepticulinae Stainton, Subfamily Stigmellinae Hampson, Subfamily Trifurculinae Scoble, Trifurcula Zeller, syn.

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Tribe Nepticulini Stainton, Tribe Stigmellini Hampson, Tribe Trifurculini Scoble, Enteucha cyanochlora Meyrick, 1. Nepticula acetosae Stainton, syn: Artaversala gilvafascia Davis, syn: Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, syn: Enteucha acetosae Stainton, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula acetosae Stainton, Nepticula acetosella Doubleday, Nepticula arifoliella Klimesch, b: Stigmella acetosae Stainton, Beirne, Johanssonia acetosae Stainton, Borkowski, a: Stigmella arifoliella Klimesch, Hering, Nepticula diplocosma Meyrick, a: Enteucha basidactyla Davis, van Nieukerken, a: Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, Manoneura basidactyla Davis, Davis, Enteucha cyanochlora Meyrick, a: Enteucha gilvafascia Davis, van Nieukerken, a: Artaversala gilvafascia Davis, Simplimorpha promissa Staudinger, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula promissa Staudinger, Nepticula robiniella Gustafsson, Stigmella promissa Staudinger, Klimesch, b: Phalaena Tinea anomalella Goeze, Tinea aurella Fabricius, syn: Astigmella dissona Puplesis, syn: Nepticula microtheriella Stainton, see Wilkinson Nepticula freyella Heyden, Stigmella kurilensis Puplesis, Nepticula resplendensella Chambers, b: Nepticula unifasciella Chambers, b: Stigmella prunetorum group Johansson, Stigmella prunetorum Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula prunetorum Stainton, Nepticula prunetella Doubleday, Nepticula punctella Threlfall, Stigmella diniensis Klimesch, Leraut, Nepticula diniensis Klimesch, c: Nepticula ceanothi Braun, Nepticula cerea Braun, Nepticula intermedia Braun, Nepticula prunifoliella Clemens, Nepticula bifasciella Clemens, Nepticula serotinaeella Chambers, Nepticula rhoifoliella Braun, Stigmella schinivora van Nieukerken, in van Nieukerken et al.

Stigmella ultima group Puplesis, a: Stigmella aceris Frey, Gerasimov, Nepticula aceris Frey, Nepticula szoecsi Klimesch, Stigmella acerna Puplesis, Stigmella bicolor Puplesis, Stigmella bumbegerensis Puplesis, d: Stigmella kozlovi Puplesis, a: Stigmella monella Puplesis, a: Stigmella semiaurea Puplesis, Stigmella tegmentosella Puplesis, a: Stigmella ultima Puplesis, a: Stigmella ulmivora group Johansson, Stigmella kazakhstanica Puplesis in Puplesis et al. Stigmella pimschoorli Puplesis, Stigmella ulmiphaga Preissecker, Klimesch, b: Nepticula ulmiphaga Preissecker, Nepticula gracilivora Skala, Stigmella ulmivora Fologne, Beirne, Nepticula ulmivora Fologne, Nepticula ulmifoliae Hering, Nepticula ulmicola Hering, Stigmella viscerella Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula viscerella Stainton, Nepticula subvirescens Meyrick, b: Nepticula tauromeniella Groschke, Stigmella tauromeniella Groschke, Hering, Stigmella alisa Puplesis, c: Stigmella amuriella Puplesis, c: Stigmella palionisi Puplesis, b: Stigmella eurydesma Meyrick, a Davis, Nepticula eurydesma Meyrick, a: Nepticula castaneaefoliella Chambers, b: Nepticula flavipedella Braun, Stigmella macrocarpae Freeman, comb.

Nepticula latifasciella Chambers, Nepticula macrocarpae Freeman, Nepticula nigriverticella Chambers, b: Nepticula maculosella Chambers, a: Nepticula saginella Clemens, Nepticula fuscocapitella Chambers, Nepticula quercicastanella Chambers, Stigmella paliurella group van Nieukerken, a: Stigmella birgittae Gustafsson, Stigmella abaiella Klimesch, Stigmella paliurella Gerasimov, Nepticula paliurella Gerasimov, Klimesch, a: Nepticula paliurella Klimesch, c.

Stigmella turbatrix Puplesis, Stigmella zizyphi Walsingham, Stigmella ziziphivora Gustafsson, Nepticula zizyphi Walsingham, Skala, a: Stigmella morivora Hirano, Nepticula isochalca Meyrick, b: Stigmella phyllanthina Meyrick, b Common, Nepticula phyllanthina Meyrick, b: Stigmella naturnella group new.

Stigmella dissona group Puplesis, Stigmella naturnella Klimesch, Klimesch, b: Nepticula naturnella Klimesch, Astigmella dissona Puplesis, a: Stigmella dissona Puplesis, a Puplesis, Stigmella mirabella Puplesis, a Puplesis, Astigmella mirabella Puplesis, a: Stigmella tiliae group Johansson, Stigmella tiliae Frey, Beirne, Nepticula tiliae Frey, Stigmella sashai Puplesis, b: Stigmella regina Puplesis, b: Stigmella betulicola group Johansson, Stigmella alnetella Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula alnetella Stainton, Stigmella betulicola Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula betulicola Stainton, Nepticula betulicolella Doubleday, Stigmella nanivora Petersen, Hering, Stigmella glutinosae Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula glutinosae Stainton, Nepticula distinguenda Heinemann, b: Nepticula rubescens Heinemann, Nepticula glutinosella Porritt, Stigmella rubescens Heinemann, Gerasimov, Stigmella luteella Stainton, a Beirne, Nepticula luteella Stainton, a: Nepticula luteellina Skala, b: Nepticula microtheriella Stainton, Microsetia microtheriella Stainton, Kirby, Stigmella nivenburgensis Preissecker, Klimesch, b: Nepticula nivenburgensis Preissecker, Stigmella sakhalinella Puplesis, a: Stigmella attenuata Puplesis, c: Stigmella kumashidei Hirano, Stigmella caryaefoliella Clemens, stat.

Nepticula caryaefoliella Clemens, Nepticula corylifoliella Clemens, Nepticula virginiella Clemens, Nepticula minimella Chambers, Nepticula opulifoliella Braun, Nepticula paludicola Braun, Nepticula exasperata Braun, Nepticula juglandifoliella Clemens, Stigmella myricafoliella Busck, Grossbeck, Nepticula myricafoliella Busck, Nepticula obscurella Braun, Nepticula ostryaefoliella Clemens, Nepticula xystodes Meyrick, b: Nepticula liochalca Meyrick, b: Nepticula homophaea Meyrick, b: Stigmella allophylica Scoble, b: Stigmella allophylivora Gustafsson, Stigmella androflavus Scoble, b: Stigmella generalis Scoble, b: Stigmella geranica Scoble, b: Stigmella hortorum Scoble, b: Stigmella pelanodes Meyrick, b comb.

Nepticula pelanodes Meyrick, b: Stigmella potgieteri Scoble, b: Stigmella satarensis Scoble, b: Stigmella tragilis Scoble, b: Stigmella tropicatella Legrand, Stigmella triumfettica Scoble, b: Stigmella fluida group Scoble, b: Stigmella ingens group Scoble, b: Stigmella abachausi Janse, Scoble, b: Nepticula abachausi Janse, Stigmella abutilonica Scoble, b: Stigmella ampullata Scoble, b: Stigmella angustivalva Scoble, b: Stigmella caliginosa Meyrick, b Scoble, Nepticula caliginosa Meyrick, b: Stigmella confinalis Scoble, b: Stigmella crotonica Scoble, b: Stigmella dombeyivora Scoble, b: Stigmella ficivora Gustafsson, Stigmella fluida Meyrick, a Scoble, b: Nepticula fluida Meyrick, a: Nepticula galactacma Meyrick, b: Stigmella grewiae Scoble, b: Stigmella ingens Meyrick, Scoble, b: Nepticula ingens Meyrick, Stigmella irrorata Janse, Scoble, b: Nepticula irrorata Janse, Stigmella letabensis Scoble, b: Stigmella maytenivora Gustafsson, Stigmella naibabi Mey, Stigmella nigrata Meyrick, Scoble, b: Nepticula nigrata Meyrick, Nepticula panconista Meyrick, a: Stigmella perplexa Janse, Scoble, b: Nepticula perplexa Janse, Stigmella porphyreuta Meyrick, a Scoble, b: Nepticula porphyreuta Meyrick, a: Stigmella pretoriata Scoble, b: Stigmella protosema Meyrick, b Scoble, b: Nepticula protosema Meyrick, b: Stigmella rhomboivora Gustafsson, Stigmella urbica Meyrick, Scoble, b: Nepticula urbica Meyrick, Stigmella uwusebi Mey, Stigmella varii Scoble, b: Stigmella wollofella Gustafsson, Gustafsson, Nepticula wollofella Gustafsson, Nepticula mandingella Gustafsson, Stigmella worcesteri Scoble, Stigmella pallida Scoble, b: Stigmella leucargyra Meyrick, b Nielsen, Nepticula leucargyra Meyrick, b: Stigmella symmora Meyrick, b Nielsen, Nepticula symmora Meyrick, b: Nepticula aeriventris Meyrick, Nepticula alicia Meyrick, b: Stigmella argyrodoxa Meyrick, Fletcher, Nepticula argyrodoxa Meyrick, b: Nepticula auxozona Meyrick, a: Nepticula elachistarcha Meyrick, a: Nepticula hoplometalla Meyrick, a: Nepticula ipomoeella Gustafsson, Nepticula neodora Meyrick, b: Nepticula oligosperma Meyrick, a: Nepticula polydoxa Meyrick, c: Stigmella tiliella group Puplesis et al.

Nepticula tiliella Braun, Stigmella rhamnella group new. Stigmella alaternella Le Marchand, Klimesch, b: Nepticula alaternella Le Marchand, Stigmella armeniana Puplesis, Stigmella catharticella Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula catharticella Stainton, Stigmella crenulatae Klimesch, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula crenulatae Klimesch, c: Stigmella kopetdagica Puplesis, Stigmella pyrellicola Klimesch, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula pyrellicola Klimesch, b: Stigmella rhamnophila Amsel, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula rhamnella rhamnophila Amsel, Stigmella klimeschi Puplesis, Stigmella taigae Puplesis, a: Stigmella condaliafoliella Busck, Grossbeck, Nepticula condaliafoliella Busck, Nepticula diffasciae Braun, Nepticula rhamnella Braun, Nepticula rhamnicola Braun, Stigmella sanguisorbae group van Nieukerken, a: Stigmella muricatella Klimesch, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula muricatella Klimesch, b: Stigmella rolandi van Nieukerken, c: Stigmella sanguisorbae Wocke, Gerasimov, Nepticula sanguisorbae Wocke, Stigmella thuringiaca Petry, Gerasimov, Nepticula thuringiaca Petry, Nepticula nickerli Rebel in Nickerl, Stigmella trisyllaba Puplesis in Puplesis et al.

Nepticula rosaefoliella Clemens, Stigmella lapponica group Johansson, Stigmella malella group Johansson, Nepticula lapponica Wocke, Stigmella malella Stainton, Beirne, Nepticula malella Stainton, Nepticula nigrobrunnella Groschke, Stigmella nigrobrunnella Groschke, Hering, Nepticula braunella Jones, Nepticula slingerlandella Kearfott, Stigmella ogygia group new Stigmella cypracma Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula cypracma Meyrick, c: Nepticula perissopa Meyrick, Stigmella perissopa Meyrick, Dugdale, Stigmella fulva Watt, Dugdale, Nepticula fulva Watt, Stigmella insignis Philpott, Dugdale, Nepticula insignis Philpott, Stigmella laquaeorum Dugdale, Dugdale, Nepticula laquaeorum Dugdale, Stigmella lucida Philpott, Dugdale, Nepticula lucida Philpott, Stigmella maoriella Walker, Dugdale, Tinea maoriella Walker, Stigmella ogygia Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula ogygia Meyrick, Nepticula erechtitus Watt, Stigmella erechtitus Watt, Dugdale, Stigmella oriastra Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula oriastra Meyrick, b: Stigmella progama Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula progama Meyrick, a: Stigmella progonopis Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula progonopis Meyrick, c: Stigmella propalaea Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula propalaea Meyrick, Stigmella sophorae Hudson, Dugdale, Nepticula sophorae Hudson, Stigmella tricentra Meyrick, Dugdale, Nepticula tricentra Meyrick, Stigmella epicosma group new Stigmella andina Meyrick, Davis, Nepticula andina Meyrick, a: Stigmella costalimai Bourquin, Davis, Nepticula costalimai Bourquin, Stigmella cuprata Meyrick, Davis, Nepticula cuprata Meyrick, a: Stigmella epicosma Meyrick, Davis, Nepticula epicosma Meyrick, a: Stigmella guittonae Bourquin, Davis, Nepticula guittonae Bourquin, Stigmella johannis Zeller, Davis, Nepticula johannis Zeller, Stigmella olyritis Meyrick, Davis, Nepticula olyritis Meyrick, a: Stigmella salicis group Johansson, Stigmella aiderensis Puplesis, Stigmella arbusculae Klimesch, Hering, Nepticula arbusculae Klimesch, c: Nepticula assimilella Zeller, Nepticula tremulaefoliella Sorhagen, Stigmella tremulaefoliella Sorhagen, Gerasimov, Stigmella benanderella Wolff, Hering, Nepticula benanderella Wolff, b: Stigmella flavescens Puplesis, Nepticula myrtillella Stainton, b: Nepticula obliquella Heinemann, b: Nepticula wockeella Heinemann, Nepticula diversa Glitz, Stigmella babylonicae Hartig, Stigmella wockeella Heinemann, Gerasimov, Stigmella pallidiciliella Klimesch, a: Nepticula purpureae Skala, Nepticula pallidiciliella Klimesch, a Wolff, a: Nepticula salicis Stainton, Nepticula salicivorella Doubleday, Nepticula uniformis Heinemann, Nepticula dewitziella Sorhagen, Nepticula auritella Skala, f: Stigmella libiezi Dufrane, Stigmella uniformis Heinemann, Gerasimov, Stigmella auritella Skala, Hering, Tinea trimaculella Haworth, Lyonetia rufella Zeller, Nepticula albicornella Kollar in Nowicki, Nepticula populicola Sorhagen, Stigmella subtrimaculella Dufrane, Microsetia trimaculella Haworth, Stephens, Nepticula trimaculella Haworth, Stainton, Nepticula rufella Zeller, Zeller, Stigmella populicola Sorhagen, Gerasimov, Nepticula vimineticola Frey, Stigmella zelleriella Snellen, van Nieukerken, a: Nepticula zelleriella Snellen, Nepticula repentiella Wolff, a: Nepticula lappovimella Svensson, Stigmella repentiella Wolff, Hering, Stigmella lappovimella Svensson, Svensson, Stigmella azusa Hirano, Stigmella juratae Puplesis, Stigmella kondarai Puplesis, Stigmella tenryuensis Hirano, Stigmella ussurica Puplesis, Nepticula fuscotibiella Clemens, Nepticula ciliaefuscella Chambers, Nepticula discolorella Braun, Nepticula pallida Braun, Nepticula altella Braun, Nepticula quercipulchella Chambers, Nepticula terminella Braun, Nepticula variella Braun, Stigmella anomalella group Johansson, Stigmella anomalella Goeze, Walsingham, a: Phalaena anomalella Goeze, Phalaena grisearosae Retzius, Tinea penicilla Thunberg, Tinea rosella Schrank, They have been motivated by two often coinciding factors: I use it to mean 'the computerization [of data], so as to render it searchable and analyzable by electronic means'.

This article, though mostly adulatory, is in some respects critical of the revision of OED currently underway at the time of writing , , the revised text online has covered the alphabet range M-Nipissing. Stanley, for their disinterested benevolence in reading and commenting on a draft; none of them necessarily agrees with any of the views expressed here.

Weiner in , whereas "OED3" refers to the edition currently underway and gradually available on-line. The abbreviation "OED," then, refers to the historical project, at whatever time and in whatever form.

Journal oftheDictionary Society ofNorth America 25 Charlotte Brewer have transformed the possibilities of arranging large quantities of data, and a belated but thorough-going response by OED lexicographers to recent developments in lexicographical theory and practice. The OED up to The history of the OED has been complex, even tangled, since its inception, but up to the last few years has been characterized by a monumental slowness and institutional inertia.

As is well known, the dictionary was first adumbrated in a couple of famous papers delivered by Dean Trench to the Philological Society in London in November It was then more fully conceptualized by a number of Society members, chiefly Herbert Coleridge grandson of the poet , in a paper of , but it subsequently languished for twenty years or so, despite occasional periods or pockets of productivity, under the inspirational but over-stretched and unreliable F. Murray editor from to his death in , leading to publication of its first fascicle a-ant in More fascicles were fairly steadily pumped out over the next forty-four years, when the last appeared in wise-wyzen, which ended the run ofW fascicles, x-zyxt having come out in Even before this, Oxford University Press OUP had been preparing a supplement, heavily weighted towards the letters of the front end of the alphabet, for which the dictionary was already out-ofdate — or as the Secretary of the Press, R.

Chapman, put it, "left with a ragged edge. See also [Philological Society]