The Memoirs of Dolly Morton

However, in British legal terminology, a distinction was drawn between flogging and whipping, in Britain these were both abolished in In Sparta, young men were flogged as a test of their masculinity, Jewish law limited flagellation to forty strokes, and in practice delivered thirty-nine, so as to avoid any possibility of breaking this law due to a miscount.

In the Roman Empire, flagellation was often used as a prelude to crucifixion, whips with small pieces of metal or bone at the tips were commonly used. Such a device could easily cause disfigurement and serious trauma, such as ripping pieces of flesh from the body or loss of an eye, in addition to causing severe pain, the victim would approach a state of hypovolemic shock due to loss of blood. The Romans reserved this treatment for non-citizens, as stated in the lex Porcia and lex Sempronia, the poet Horace refers to the horribile flagellum in his Satires.

Typically, the one to be punished was stripped naked and bound to a low pillar so that he could bend over it, two lictors alternated blows from the bare shoulders down the body to the soles of the feet. There was no limit to the number of blows inflicted—this was left to the lictors to decide, nonetheless, Livy, Suetonius and Josephus report cases of flagellation where victims died while still bound to the post.

Flagellation was referred to as death by some authors, as many victims died shortly thereafter. Cicero reports in In Verrem, pro mortuo sublatus brevi postea mortuus, the Whipping Act was passed in England in Under this legislation, vagrants were to be taken to a populated area and there tied to the end of a cart naked.

In England, offenders were sentenced to be flogged at a carts tail along a length of public street, usually near the scene of the crime.

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In the late century, however, the courts occasionally ordered that the flogging should be carried out in prison or a house of correction rather than on the streets. From the s courts began explicitly to differentiate between private whipping and public whipping, over the course of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the proportion of whippings carried out in public declined, but the number of private whippings increased.

Ulysses novel — Ulysses is a modernist novel by Irish writer James Joyce. It is considered to be one of the most important works of modernist literature, according to Declan Kiberd, Before Joyce, no writer of fiction had so foregrounded the process of thinking. Ulysses chronicles the peripatetic appointments and encounters of Leopold Bloom in Dublin in the course of a day,16 June The novel imitates registers of centuries of English literature and is highly allusive, Ulysses is approximately , words in length and is divided into eighteen episodes.

Since publication, the book has attracted controversy and scrutiny, ranging from early obscenity trials to protracted textual Joyce Wars, Joyce fans worldwide now celebrate 16 June as Bloomsday. Joyce told Frank Budgen that he considered Ulysses the only character in literature. Joyce divided Ulysses into 18 episodes, every episode of Ulysses has a theme, technique and correspondence between its characters and those of the Odyssey. The original text did not include these episode titles and the correspondences, instead, they originate from the Linati, Joyce referred to the episodes by their Homeric titles in his letters.

Buck Mulligan, a medical student. The three men eat breakfast and walk to the shore, where Mulligan demands from Stephen the key to the tower, departing, Stephen declares that he will not return to the tower tonight, as Mulligan, the usurper, has taken it over. Stephen is teaching a class on the victories of Pyrrhus of Epirus. After class, one student, Cyril Sargent, stays behind so that Stephen can show him how to do a set of arithmetic exercises, Stephen looks at the ugly face of Sargent and tries to imagine Sargents mothers love for him.

Stephen then visits school headmaster Garrett Deasy, from whom he collects his pay, the two discuss Irish history and the role of Jews in the economy.

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As Stephen leaves, Deasy said that Ireland has never persecuted the Jews because the country never let them in. This episode is the source of some of the novels most famous lines, such as Dedaluss claim that history is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake and that God is a shout in the street. Pseudonym — A pseudonym or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name. Historically, they have taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms.

Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones, actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names, for example, to mask their ethnic backgrounds.

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A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another person and this may occur when someone is ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front name, such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the s and s. See also pseudepigraph, for falsely attributed authorship, sometimes people change their name in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person.

This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name, in many countries, including common law countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a persons new legal name. He then changed his name again to Malik El-Shabazz when he converted to Islam, likewise some Jews adopted Hebrew family names upon immigrating to Israel, dropping surnames that had been in their families for generations. Criminals may use aliases, fictitious business names, and dummy corporations to hide their identity, a pen name, or nom de plume, is a pseudonym adopted by an author.

In contrast, some twentieth and twenty first century male romance novelists have used pen names. A pen name may be used if a real name is likely to be confused with the name of another writer or notable individual. Authors who write both fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use different pen names to avoid confusing their readers, in some cases, an author may become better known by his pen name than his real name. Charles Carrington — Charles Carrington was a leading British publisher of erotica in lateth and early 20th century Europe. He published a French series La Flagellation a Travers le Monde mainly on English flagellation, Carrington went blind as a result of syphilis and the last few years of his life were spent in poverty as his mistress stole his valuable collection of rare books.

He was placed in an asylum and died in at Ivry-sur-Seine. Experimental Lecture by the pseudonym Colonel Spanker for the Cosmopolitan Society of Bibliophiles, the Colonel and his circle have a house in Park Lane where genteel young ladies are kidnapped, humiliated, and flagellated. A reprint of The Romance of Chastisement by St.

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An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January , the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country.

Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. For example, the edition of Mr. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in , has SBN indicating the publisher, their serial number. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January , a digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces.

Separating the parts of a digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A history of erotic literature. Making speech free, Volume 2 of Emma Goldman: University of California Press. Library Company of Philadelphia. Retrieved 6 November Pornography and sexual representation: Possible Source for James Joyce's Ulysses? Retrieved from " https: In , New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland 2.

They were imprisoned in terrible conditions, then deported, in , English Quaker Mary Dyer was hanged on Boston Common for repeatedly defying a Puritan law banning Quakers from the colony 3. The Deep South, various definitions, usually including Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, occasionally, parts of adjoining states are included 4. Conductors led or transported the fugitives from station to station, a conductor sometimes pretended to be a slave in order to enter a plantation 5.

Racist extremism with an eye to viciousness and public spectacle was frequently evident, in the South, members of the abolitionist movement or other people opposing slavery were usually targets of lynch mob violence before the Civil War 6.

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From the s courts began explicitly to differentiate between private whipping and public whipping, over the course of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the proportion of whippings carried out in public declined, but the number of private whippings increased 7. This episode is the source of some of the novels most famous lines, such as Dedaluss claim that history is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake and that God is a shout in the street 8.

Authors who write both fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use different pen names to avoid confusing their readers, in some cases, an author may become better known by his pen name than his real name 9. Facts on File library of world history YouTube Videos [show more].

The Memoirs of Dolly Morton

Benjamin Franklin , Heritage-listed Quaker meeting house, Sydney , Australia. James Nayler , a prominent Quaker leader, being pilloried and whipped. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, as a young man. Bluegrass region in Kentucky. A field of yellow wildflowers in Saint Bernard Parish, Louisiana. The Underground Railroad by artist Charles T.

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Quaker abolitionist Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine helped more than 2, slaves escape to freedom. Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. Bodies of three men lynched in Georgia , May Body of a lynched black male, propped up in a rocking chair for a photograph, circa Paint has been applied to his face, circular disks glued to his cheeks, cotton glued to his face and head, while a rod props up the victim's head. September Massacres of , in which Parisian mobs killed hundreds of royalist prisoners.

Palestinian lynched for alleged collaboration with Israel, Flogging a delinquent; Germany , 17th century. Prisoners at a whipping post in a Delaware prison, circa Punishment with a specifically Russian whip called a knout. Ulysses is a modernist novel by Irish writer James Joyce.

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