Gulliver Joi (Annotated)

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Mostra anteprima Anteprima salvata Salva anteprima Visualizza la sinossi. This issue, now known as " robot rights ", is currently being considered by, for example, California's Institute for the Future , although many critics believe that the discussion is premature. Are there limits to how intelligent machines—or human-machine hybrids—can be?

A superintelligence, hyperintelligence, or superhuman intelligence is a hypothetical agent that would possess intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human mind. Superintelligence may also refer to the form or degree of intelligence possessed by such an agent.

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If research into Strong AI produced sufficiently intelligent software, it might be able to reprogram and improve itself. The improved software would be even better at improving itself, leading to recursive self-improvement.

Science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named this scenario " singularity ". Because the capabilities of such an intelligence may be impossible to comprehend, the technological singularity is an occurrence beyond which events are unpredictable or even unfathomable. Ray Kurzweil has used Moore's law which describes the relentless exponential improvement in digital technology to calculate that desktop computers will have the same processing power as human brains by the year , and predicts that the singularity will occur in Robot designer Hans Moravec , cyberneticist Kevin Warwick and inventor Ray Kurzweil have predicted that humans and machines will merge in the future into cyborgs that are more capable and powerful than either.

Edward Fredkin argues that "artificial intelligence is the next stage in evolution", an idea first proposed by Samuel Butler 's " Darwin among the Machines " , and expanded upon by George Dyson in his book of the same name in Thought-capable artificial beings appeared as storytelling devices since antiquity, [25] and have been a persistent theme in science fiction.

A common trope in these works began with Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein , where a human creation becomes a threat to its masters. This includes such works as Arthur C. Clarke's and Stanley Kubrick's In contrast, the rare loyal robots such as Gort from The Day the Earth Stood Still and Bishop from Aliens are less prominent in popular culture.

Isaac Asimov introduce the Three Laws of Robotics in many books and stories, most notably the "Multivac" series about a super-intelligent computer of the same name. Asimov's laws are often brought up during layman discussions of machine ethics; [] while almost all artificial intelligence researchers are familiar with Asimov's laws through popular culture, they generally consider the laws useless for many reasons, one of which is their ambiguity.

Transhumanism the merging of humans and machines is explored in the manga Ghost in the Shell and the science-fiction series Dune. In the s, artist Hajime Sorayama 's Sexy Robots series were painted and published in Japan depicting the actual organic human form with lifelike muscular metallic skins and later "the Gynoids" book followed that was used by or influenced movie makers including George Lucas and other creatives.

Sorayama never considered these organic robots to be real part of nature but always unnatural product of the human mind, a fantasy existing in the mind even when realized in actual form. Several works use AI to force us to confront the fundamental of question of what makes us human, showing us artificial beings that have the ability to feel , and thus to suffer.

Dick considers the idea that our understanding of human subjectivity is altered by technology created with artificial intelligence. Logic machines in fiction and List of fictional computers. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 17 December For other uses, see AI disambiguation and Artificial intelligence disambiguation.

Intelligence demonstrated by machines. History of artificial intelligence and Timeline of artificial intelligence. Knowledge representation and Commonsense knowledge. Automated planning and scheduling. Machine perception , Computer vision , and Speech recognition. Artificial general intelligence and AI-complete. Cybernetics and Computational neuroscience. Search algorithm , Mathematical optimization , and Evolutionary computation.

Logic programming and Automated reasoning. Expectation-maximization clustering of Old Faithful eruption data starts from a random guess but then successfully converges on an accurate clustering of the two physically distinct modes of eruption. Classifier mathematics , Statistical classification , and Machine learning. Artificial neural network and Connectionism. Progress in artificial intelligence and Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence. Applications of artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Artificial intelligence video games. Artificial intelligence arms race , Lethal autonomous weapon , and Unmanned combat aerial vehicle. Philosophy of artificial intelligence and Ethics of artificial intelligence. Existential risk from artificial general intelligence.

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Computer Power and Human Reason. Hard problem of consciousness and Theory of mind. Computationalism and Functionalism philosophy of mind. Technological singularity and Moore's law. Artificial intelligence in fiction. Artificial intelligence portal Abductive reasoning Behavior selection algorithm Business process automation Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Emergent algorithm Evolutionary computation Glossary of artificial intelligence Machine learning Mathematical optimization Multi-agent system Robotic process automation Soft computing Weak AI Personality computing.

Some systems are so brittle that changing a single adversarial pixel predictably induces misclassification. Note that they use the term "computational intelligence" as a synonym for artificial intelligence. Archived from the original on 10 March Simon , p. Minsky , p. McCorduck , pp. Kolata quotes McCarthy as writing: McCarthy recently reiterated his position at the AI 50 conference where he said "Artificial intelligence is not, by definition, simulation of human intelligence" Maker Nilsson , p.

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Archived from the original on 29 August Image and Vision Computing. Opportunities, Hurdles, and Recommendations". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. The Knowledge Engineering Review. See Dreyfus' critique of AI Gladwell Gladwell's Blink is a popular introduction to sub-symbolic reasoning and knowledge. Turing In , at the original Dartmouth AI summer conference, Ray Solomonoff wrote a report on unsupervised probabilistic machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects".

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The Search for Artificial Intelligence". Retrieved 20 March Retrieved 26 April Moravec Kurzweil , p. Biologically inspired cognitive architectures".

Crevier , pp. McCorduck , p. Retrieved 28 April Other definitions also include knowledge and learning as additional criteria. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications.

In Burke, Edmund K. Are there computers that are inherently fuzzy and do not apply the usual binary logic? Retrieved 5 May Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The representation of the cumulative rounding error of an algorithm as a Taylor expansion of the local rounding errors. Master's Thesis in Finnish , Univ. Who Invented the Reverse Mode of Differentiation?.

Applications of advances in nonlinear sensitivity analysis. In System modeling and optimization pp. Online Archived 14 April at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 February Online Archived 16 April at the Wayback Machine.

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