Cuentos para una mujer esdrújula (Spanish Edition)

Her brother Jorge Luz would also become a significant figure in the Argentine entertainment industry. He was one of the first writers to publish romance novels written in Spanish language. His novels have been translated into 22 languages, and had sold over 5 million copies by the year ,[1][2] and some of his novels were adapted to film.

He worked first as a teacher and then as primary education inspector. He began publishing in the s, achieving great success until the s, but he continued publishing until , when his progressive blindness no longer allowed him to continue. His novels with a medieval setting were particularly successful. It was given annually, generally in March, in a Latin American capital that was designated each year. Kati Horna May 19, - October 19, , born Katalin Deutsch Blau,[1][2] was a Hungarian-born Mexican photojournalist, surrealist photographer and teacher.

Most of her work was lost during the Spanish Civil War.

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Horna lived in Berlin as a teenager where she met Bertolt Brecht and was influenced by Bauhaus, Surrealism, and Constructivist Lajos Kassak whose views on photography as an agent of social chan Isela Vega Durazo born November 5, is a Mexican actress,[1] and occasional singer-songwriter,[2] producer, writer, and director.

Career In , she was chosen "Princess of the Carnival" in Hermosillo. Shortly afterwards, she began modeling. In , she began her acting career, which continues to this day. She also wrote the song, "Bennie's Song", which appears in the film. She was subsequently photographed nude for the July issue of Playboy magazine. In the s, Vega made her debut behind the camera by writing, producing and directing a number of films. Personal life Vega was born and raised in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. In his career, he appeared in more than films and won an Ariel Award for his performance in the film Champion Without a Crown Jose Luis Alcaine, Denia, Valencia Educated in Tangier's he was the first cinematographer to use fluorescent tube as key lighting in the s.

His enormous cinematographic work has been rewarded with five Goya Awards for the best photography of a total of eighteen nominations In he released his theory of the inspiration of Picasso's Guernica. According to him, the inspiration was due to very defined images in the film Farewell to Arms by Frank Borzage. There are eleven well-known coincidences between shots of the film and the magnificent Guernica painting: She sang a wide variety of roles, but is best known as an exponent of the works of Verdi and of the bel canto repertoire, notably the works of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti.

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She was noticed internationally when she stepped in for a performance of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia at Carnegie Hall in , and then appeared at leading opera houses. Her voice was described as pure but powerful, with superb control of vocal shadings and exquisite pianissimo. She received several international awards and also Grammy Awards for a number of her recordings. This is a list of Latino and Latina superheroes.

Over the years the comic medium has delivered a diverse but stereotypical sampling of minority characters. For a brief history of stereotypical depictions of "Hispanic" characters in comics see the ethnic stereotypes in comics article. This page focuses exclusively on documenting the history of the "Latino and Latina" superheroes whether they are of Mestizo, Mulatto, Chicano, MesoAmerican, Zambo, Indigenous, Caribbean, African, Asian descent, or some mix of these ethnicities. For related "non-Hispanic" groups many of whom speak Spanish or have Spanish surnames , see also: List of Filipino superheroes and List of Native American superheroes, which will provide a somewhat comprehensive listing across many companies and many media including print, the web, television, and films.

While it may appear to focus mainly on the Latino and Latina experience in the United States, other visions are welcome. Her work has two main aspects: Biography After earning her doctorate in History at the University of Valencia, Pilar Pedraza has been teaching Film and avant-garde cinema there since This theme, which dominates her first novel, Las joyas de la serpiente , undergoes a gradual stylization in subsequent deliveries. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra[b] ;[7] US: His novel Don Quixote has been translated into over languages and dialects; it is, after the Bible, the most-translated book in the world.

Then he enlisted as a soldier in a Spanish Navy infantry regiment and continued his military life until , when he was captured by Carlos Brandt 11 October — 27 February [1] was a Venezuelan author, historian, philosopher and naturopath. Carlos Brandt Tortolero[2] was an author, historian, doctor of philosophy, philosopher of vegetarianism, essayist, novelist, biographer, musicologist and naturopath, who was born in Miranda, a town in Carabobo State, Venezuela.

His younger brother by 17 years was the composer Augusto Brandt. At 25, he met Leo Tolstoy, which encouraged his literary ambitions. In , his first book appeared La Belleza de la Mujer. The Mona Lisa ; Italian: Monna Lisa or La Gioconda , French: La Joconde is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world".

It had been believed to have been painted between and ; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as Recent academic work suggests that it would not have been started before One of Gervasio's most famous compositions is "Con Una Pala y Un Sombrero", which he wrote in honour of his father, who died of lung cancer.

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During his first years of life, he stayed in a children's home, and left school at 9 years old. His first public appearance as singer was in , and "he did not leave music anymore, because through it he could interact with people from the upper class of Uruguay," Canal 13 reported. Shortly afterwards, he already had some radio hits in Chile: He is primarily known for writing The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest, the play from which the popular character of Don Juan originates.

He was ordained a priest by She was highly decorated for her works having schools and libraries named after her, as well as a bust by Spanish sculptor Mariano Benlliure erected in Hidalgo Park in Mexico City in her honor. A narcocorrido Spanish pronunciation: This type of music is heard and produced on both sides of the Mexico—US border.

It uses a danceable, accordion-based polka as a rhythmic base. Early corridos non-narco go back as far as the Mexican Revolution of , telling the stories of revolutionary fighters. Music critics have also compared narcocorrido lyrics and style to gangster rap and mafioso rap. History This genre of music is the evolution of traditional corrido ballads of the Mexican-US border regi Manoella Torres is an American-Mexican singer[1][2] and actress of Puerto Rican descent based in Mexico who has had an extensive career that continues to this day.

As a young girl she was sent to live with her maternal grandmother.



1. Translation from Spanish to English.
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In Mexico she continued to study vocalization and years later met the man who would take her career to the next level, Alfredo Marcelo Gil. He became her manager and initially gave her the stage name "Gloria Gil". She began making the rounds of musical events and television appearances where she met another important figure in her career, Armando Manzanero. Francesca Llopis Barcelona, is a visual artist from Barcelona. She began exhibiting in She is interested in the city for its urban planning, the city seen from above, and that is why she often uses the labyrinth as a metaphor for defining the city.

A 12th-century sheela na gig on the church at Kilpeck, Herefordshire, England Sheela na gig on the south-west pillar of the presbytery in St. Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall, Orkney, ca. They are architectural grotesques found all over Europe[1][2] on churches, castles, and other buildings. The highest concentrations can be found in Ireland, Great Britain, France and Spain, sometimes together with male figures. Ireland has the greatest number of surviving sheela na gig carvings; McMahon and Roberts cite examples in Ireland and 45 examples in Britain.

Another well-known example may be seen at Kilpeck in Herefordshire, England. The carvings may have been used to ward off death and evil. She is Librarian Emeritus of Rutgers University, where she worked for many years. Some of these col She has won numerous awards and published eight books on political issues in Argentine history. She has served as: Grammy and Latin Grammy recording academy voting member, he has engineered several projects for Ralph Peterson Jr.

He has also taken on the recording of other musical styles such as tango, folkl The following is a list of albums that were released during Alfonso Vallejo born , Santander is a Spanish playwright, poet, painter and neurologist. In the end, the persistence of love eventually transforms Juan Miguel to a transition and understanding of reality. Blanca Estrada born is a Spanish retired actress and presenter best known for her roles throughout the s and 80s in 20 films classified as uncovered cinema.

One of Gervasio's most famous compositions is "Con Una Pala y Un Sombrero", which he wrote in honour of his father, who died of lung cancer. During his first years of life, he stayed in a children's home, and left school at 9 years old. His first public appearance as singer was in , and "he did not leave music anymore, because through it he could interact with people from the upper class of Uruguay," Canal 13 reported.



Shortly afterwards, he already had some radio hits in Chile: Maribel and Tres eran tres Jessica Nigri born August 5, is an American cosplay celebrity, promotional model, YouTuber, voice actress and fan convention interview correspondent. She has been cosplaying since and modeling since , having served as an official spokesmodel for several video games and comic book series, including Lollipop Chainsaw [3] and Assassin's Creed IV: Nigri has been cosplaying since ,[7][8] when her cosplay of "Sexy Pikachu" she wore to San Diego Comic-Con International went viral on the Internet. Career He was a popular supporting actor.

He won a Honorary Goya Award in for his career achievements. Filmography in cinema Dos cuentos para dos Welcome Mr. Vicente Todos somos necesarios La Vida es maravillosa La vida por delante El Hombre del paraguas blanco El Aprendiz de malo Entry to the festival is free of charge. In , , people took part in the event. It has ska, punk, hardcore, metal, and other genres included in its program. History Rock al Parque The first edition of this festival happened in It started as a continuation of the 'Youth Music meetings' held at the city's Planetarium in The people behind the organization were Mario Duarte and Julio Correal.

The initial purpose was to gain the support of Bogota's Institute of Culture and Tourism, to establish it. The first edition of this festival happened during May 26 and 29, , within several venues. These four female pilots leaving their ship at the four engine school at Lockbourne are members of a group of WASPS who have been trained to ferry the B Flying Fortresses.

This is a timeline of women in aviation which describes many of the firsts and achievements of women as pilots and other roles in aviation. Women who are part of this list have piloted vehicles, including hot-air balloons, gliders, airplanes, dirigibles and helicopters. Some women have been instrumental in support roles. Others have made a name for themselves as parachutists and other forms of flight-related activities. Should you explain something in more detail? Narrate and Describe o Could you tell the plot of an episode?

Men and women are portrayed according to outdated notions of appropriate work and home roles in sitcoms. High status occupations are held by men. Low status occupations, usually service work like nursing, childcare, and teaching, are held by women Dohrmann, The characters on the sitcom Friends demonstrate stereotypes.

One episode of Home Improvement… 3. Without the bottom bun, your sandwich would not stay together in a neat package. With coherence, all the ingredients of your paragraph are held together. These strategies help your reader see how all your ideas fit together in a smooth, logical way.

Repeating Key Words and Synonyms c. Some standard transitions are: A stock character in most of these films is the German officer who has a welted scar on his cheek. This scar is not merely a Hollywood ploy to mark a villain, but is calculated to identify a member of a student fencing cult popular in pre- World War II Germany. As a result, a prominent duelling scar came to symbolise courage and prestige. Indeed, this duelling scar created what we might today call a macho image in the movies.

Even now, a facial mark such as the German duelling scar may be considered an attractive emblem of masculine strength or an indication of an adventurous life. Consider, for example, the scared chin of Harrison Ford, the romantic hero in the Star Wars and Indiana Jones adventure films. This example demonstrates all three of these transitional techniques: Compare it to this version: A stock character is the German officer who has a welted scar on his cheek.

It came to symbolise courage and prestige. It created what we might today call a macho image. It may be considered an attractive emblem of masculine strength or an indication of an adventurous life. The human brain has two cerebral hemispheres, the left and the right. This givento-new pattern links ideas and propels your thinking forward. These TV shows generally portray men and women according to outdated notions of appropriate work and home roles. According to Dohrmann, , high status occupations are held by men. Low status occupations, usually service work like nursing, childcare, and teaching, are held by women.

The characters on the sitcom Friends have jobs that demonstrate stereotypes. For example, the jobs held by Friends characters demonstrate these stereotypes. In addition, TV males in traditional female roles of housekeeping and childcare are portrayed as incompetent. One episode of Home Improvement… Revision: To illustrate, one episode of Home Improvement… Put it all together: For example, the jobs held by Friends characters.

To illustrate, one episode of Home Improvement… Notice the standard transitions: TV sitcoms, TV shows, Friends, Home Improvement; work, jobs, occupations, roles; stereotypical outdated notions, traditional. Notice the pronoun at work: And finally, see how the sentences move from Given-to-New. The approach to paragraph writing outlined below is typical of that taught for in high schools and universities in the United States. Read the example and definitions and then analyse the paragraph on euthanasia using the same definitions.

Also, the euthanasia examples contain no quotes. Apart from that, the approach is identical. The outline below shows the different types of sentences to be used and their typical structure: Support 1 His negativity is apparent in the scene where he asks his wife what is being served for dinner. Commentary Instead of being grateful for the food that Miep and the Frank family work so hard to provide, he shows only disappointment and disgust.

Commentary 2 People are rationing food during war-time, and Miep risks her life daily trying to buy food on the Black Market, yet Mr. Van Daan thinks of nothing but his own appetite. Support 2 Another example of Mr. Dussel upon his sudden arrival in the Annex.

Commentary In this situation, Mr. Frank shows his guest. Commentary 2 Instead of thinking of the importance of saving another life, he thinks only of the difficulties created by adding another refugee to the hiding place. Conclusion It is no wonder that Anne Frank writes such scathing comments in her diary about the ill-mannered Mr.

Being very needy and vulnerable, terminally ill patients are easily manipulated by family members and the medical community. Desiring to be free from the trouble of having to care for the patient and maybe expecting to receive an inheritance, a family member might do nothing to dissuade a terminally ill patient from committing assisted suicide. The chances of something like this happening are drastically reduced if euthanasia remains illegal.

Family members are not the only ones who could abuse euthanasia. The medical community could also abuse it to solve problems caused by limited budget. This is what happened in England recently when hospital administrators were facing tight funding and very high demand for hospital beds. To deal with this crisis, they allowed only limited care to patients whose chances of recovery were doubtful. Doctors and nurses were instructed to give fatal doses of pain killers, withhold food or treatment, and refuse to resuscitate these patients without their or their family's consent.

Because it is virtually impossible to ensure that euthanasia would not be abused, it must remain illegal. What is the mistake in each case?

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He then took her into his home, raped her, and strangled her with a belt. The man, a twice-convicted sex-offender called Jesse Timmendequas, was sentenced to death in Arguments For gruesome murders like this, the death penalty is the only appropriate punishment. Justice is served only when the death penalty is given to a criminal who has cruelly taken the life of another person. Besides, there is no doubt that by executing those who murder innocent victims in cold blood, society can prevent future murders.

Also, the appeals system that is in place today for defendants in death penalty cases and the availability of advanced forensic technology and DNA analysis have dramatically reduced the possibility of executing the innocent by mistake. Thesis Therefore, society should continue to apply the ultimate punishment to deal with the most heinous crime. Body Paragraph 1 Capital punishment is not the way to maintain the balance of justice. This balance is disturbed whenever a criminal takes the life of another person, and it can be restored only if the same is done to the killer as he has done to his victim.

Moreover, the loved ones of the victim get closure to their suffering when the cause of their pain is removed. For a crime as vicious as murder, the death penalty is the only fitting retribution. As Robert Macy, District Attorney of Oklahoma City put it, allowing predators who murder the innocent to live out 65 Translation from Spanish to English the rest of their lives "in some prison with three meals a day, clean sheets, cable TV, family visits and endless appeals" is just unfair.

There are some individuals that forfeit their right to life by the sheer evilness of their actions. They deserve to die. Body Paragraph 2 No other punishment deters future murders as the death penalty does because people fear death more than anything else. As Professor Ernest van den Haage, professor of jurisprudence at Fordham University, argues, people especially fear "death deliberately inflicted by law and scheduled by the courts. Society should make use of this fear and apply the death penalty in order to prevent murder.

There have been some inconclusive studies which claim that the fear of being given the death penalty has no deterrent effect on murder. However, even if there is some truth to these studies, it is because the death sentence is rarely given, and even when it is, the actual execution is carried out too late to be a lesson for potential murderers.

Only if a punishment is swift does it serve as a powerful deterrent. Even if one has doubts about preventing future murders by means of the death penalty, one cannot deny the simple fact that a killer that is killed will never kill again. Body Paragraph 3 Opponents of the death penalty argue that innocent people might be killed by mistake. However, advances in technology and the close review of death penalty cases by appellate courts have made that fear unwarranted. Mistakes made in relation to court procedures, evidence and witness testimony are very likely to be discovered by a higher court that handles the appeal.

Furthermore, advances in forensic technology, particularly DNA testing, have provided law enforcement agencies of today with foolproof crime-solving methods. Therefore, while a handful of innocent people may mistakenly be executed each year, most of those who receive the death penalty are indeed guilty and deserving of the ultimate punishment. Conclusion Summary of the arguments To sum up, a society that is faced with the terrible reality of senseless murders should make use of the death penalty to remove dangerous killers from its midst.

By executing those who kill, society teaches a lesson to potential murderers and preserves the balance of justice. Besides, killing the killer of an innocent victim lessens the pain of the victim's family and relatives. Fortunately, we live in a time when a meticulously organized criminal justice system and advanced crime-solving technology have made the possibility of errors almost non-existent.

Restatement of the thesis Therefore, we should use the death penalty to punish murderers. Obviously, not all English paragraphs follow the format that you studied in Task 6. Below are some typical ways of organising paragraphs in non-literary, academic texts. See if you can you match the functional headings below with the textual extracts some of the texts have more than one function: No adolescent or adult has the same experiences as young children enjoy.

Younger learners in an informal second language learning environment are allowed to be silent until they are ready to speak, while older learners are often forced to speak - to meet the requirements of a classroom or to carry out everyday tasks such as shopping, medical visits, or job interviews. Young children in informal settings are usually exposed to the second language for many hours every day.

Older learners, especially students in language classrooms, are more likely to receive only limited exposure to the second language. The precipitated gutta percha is dried to constant weight in a desiccator. The chloroforminsoluble precipitate is washed with acetone and dried to constant weight. The dried residue is then washed with hydrochloric acid, separating the insoluble heavy metal salts mainly barium sulphate from the soluble zinc oxide.

The insoluble salts are washed with distilled water and acetone and dried to constant weight. Table 1 sets out data for sixty-four countries on exports as a percentage of investment and government expenditures respectively and together. Countries chosen on the basis of availability of the relevant figures were separated into large and small with a population of 10 million as the dividing line.

They were then subdivided into developed and underdeveloped, more on a basis of what is generally regarded as their status than on the simple criterion of per capita income. What emerges from this table is that the importance of exports relative to investment and government expenditure is significantly related to the size of the nations but not particularly to whether they are developed or underdeveloped.

Palabras esdrújulas - Videos Aprende

By extension of meaning is meant the widening of a word's signification until it covers much more than the idea originally conveyed. The tendency is sometimes called generalisation. The word lovely, for example, means primarily worthy to be loved and great means large in size, the opposite of small. But today the school girl's lovely and the average man's great have no such meaning. A box of candy or a chair may be lovely, and anything from a ball game to the weather may be great. When a college student says that he found a certain book great, it is more likely that his statement has nothing to do with the value of the book judged as a work of art but simply means that he thoroughly enjoyed it.

A minority group is any body of persons with a sense of cohesion who, taken together, constitute less than one half the population of an entity. In practice, we are considering national minorities, that is, minorities in sovereign states or otherwise autonomous polities 'entities' that see themselves as discrete and primary social groups. Minorities theoretically may include political factions, social and economic classes, religious communities, either sex, age groups, occupational groups, language or racial groups, and many more.

Generally, we tend to think of minority groups as religious, racial, or linguistic communities. To test the reliability of the data, it was cross-checked by collecting information in and about several situations and institutions simultaneously. Comparative data was obtained, and this data resulted in the elimination of that which was seldom observed or recorded. He also used two informants, plus group discussion, to check the reliability of the data collected during fieldwork. Finally, he indexed the raw data, which revealed the central concerns of both alcoholics and agents of social control.

Ambient temperature has also been shown to affect lung function. When investigating the effects of various environmental factors on children's lung function, Kagawa and Toyama demonstrated that ambient temperature highly affected respiratory function tests Kagawa and Toyama, An increase in temperature was related to an increase in airway resistance. One explanation for their findings might relate to the effects of ozone which correlates highly with air temperature.

In our study change in air temperature confounded the relationship between FVC Forced vital capacity and change in NO2 but was not significant itself. No effect of O3 on FVC was observed when the analysis was performed for those children where O3 measurements were available.

It should be remembered that before Britain attempted to curb opiate use it was once the major trader of such drugs. Between and the Royal Navy used to force the opium trade upon the Chinese in spite of clear awareness of the harm caused by the use of this drug. In measures were introduced to control the trafficking of cocaine, mainly by prostitutes and servicemen.

The Defence of the Realm Act was strengthened by the Dangerous Drugs Act which extended controls to cover all drugs dealt with by the First International Opium Convention, Between the two world wars drug misuse appeared to decline, except for limited opium trafficking. The Iranian population - estimated at about eight-million at the end of the nineteenth century - was divided into a Shiite majority; a significant Sunni minority of tribal Kurds.

Moreover, the Shiite majority itself was fragmented into smaller groups, especially into Nimati and Haydari factions and into the Mutashari, Shaykhi, and Karimkhani sects, especially in the nineteenth century. Phil thesis Middle Eastern Studies, Manchester. Parallel Structure and Contrast Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.

This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or. Items in a list should always be parallel. Ideas being compared or contrasted should be parallel. Instructions should be parallel. Compound elements in a sentence should be parallel. Words and Phrases With the -ing form gerund of words: Parallel Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. Parallel Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. OR Parallel Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.

You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one. Do not mix forms. Example 1 Not Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle. Example 2 Not Parallel: The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.

The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly. The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low. The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and lacked motivation. Clauses A parallel structure that begins with clauses must keep on with clauses. Changing to another pattern or changing the voice of the verb from active to passive or vice versa will break the parallelism.

The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game. The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game. The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do some warm-up exercises before the game.

The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers. The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him questions. Lists after a Colon Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same form. The dictionary can be used for these purposes: Parallel Structure in Professional Writing Example: English likes lists to follow a clearly recognizable order — alphabetical, ascending, descending, chronological, etc.

This applies to anything from sections to paragraphs to items in a list. Read the extract below and account for the changes. Note also the use of parallel structure in the English version. In fact, during the 20th century, the indigenous populations of Latin America were often slaughtered by private companies.

In order to open up new territories, the national governments of the region gave companies a free hand in areas historically occupied by indigenous groups. Below is a literal translation from el Libro de Guisados , followed by a modern English version. Explain how the text has been rewritten to make it more accessible to modern cooks. Original Text in English: Rosewater 1 tsp Cinnamon, powdered 17oz. Chicken broth Peel fresh ginger and mince; soak overnight in rosewater.

Peel, core, and quarter apples. Put apples in pot and cover with water. Boil until not quite soft. Drain and mash with a potato masher. Blanche almonds and remove peels. Grind almonds finely in food processor. Add apples to almonds and pulse in food processor, adding chicken broth slowly.

Drain fresh ginger from rosewater. Put minced ginger, whole cloves, and broken up whole cinnamon sticks into a cup. Cover with hot chicken broth, let steep. Sieve and remove cloves and cinnamon. Add minced ginger and broth to food processor. Blend all together until smooth. Add sugar if desired. Add powdered ginger to taste. Finish with powdered cinnamon. Serve warm or cold. Note the paragraph division and the use of parallel structure and contrast in the English version.

After a couple of centuries it had been replaced by a new political, social and economic structure arising from the four changes mentioned at the beginning of this section. However, it is worth emphasizing that change was uneven, with the north of Italy, the center of France, the Netherlands and some cities on the Baltic coast evolving much more quickly than the rest of continental Europe because of their geographical position and access to the sea.

Running from north to south, the trade route between the Baltic and the Mediterranean with its ports of entry for merchandise from the far East, passed through the central area of France, which became a trading region thanks to its fairs.

People from Buenos Aires

It was the rise of these towns and trade fairs that gave greater power to the merchant class. Note that the text will be clearer if you divide the main paragraph into two: La carne asada en la Argentina se prefiere cocinada 15 y jugosa; la semicocida o semicruda 15 no es de gusto corriente.

Las achuras 5 se prefieren siempre muy cocinadas 15 y tostadas Para algunas carnes como la de cerdo, que siempre se asa muy bien, y para algunos cortes de vaca no tan tiernos, son corrientes los adobos, en los que se las deja descansar 17 desde un par de horas hasta toda la noche al fresco. What is the relationship between: Look at the examples from The Oxford Spanish Dictionary below. A literal translation might give the idea that Argentineans eat vast quantities of meat! A brief description of the grill itself would be useful 5.

English would use a parallel structure here NB: Not literally, I hope! You can clean meat but you cannot make it fresh again. A literal translation of this repetition would be clumsy This is the same idea — unless we include cleaning the grill beforehand. Use the appropriate culinary expressions in English Use a parallel construction.

Apart from arranging them in chronological order, we can also contrast the different processes to make them more memorable. How has this technique been used in the translation below? La carne asada en la Argentina se prefiere cocinada y jugosa; la semicocida o semicruda no es de gusto corriente. Las achuras se prefieren siempre muy cocinadas y tostadas. Para algunas carnes como la de cerdo, que siempre se asa muy bien, y para algunos cortes de vaca no tan tiernos, son corrientes los adobos, en los que se las deja descansar desde un par de horas hasta toda la noche al fresco.

No Argentine dish has been more talked about than the asado, perhaps because this typical charcoal or wood fired grill has almost unlimited possibilities. Nowadays, tender cuts of selected choice beef are used for most asados, as well as a variety of entrails and other tidbits. Besides the obvious condition that the meat should be fresh and clean, the best beef usually goes on the grill with no further preparation than a little seasoning — usually just a sprinkling of salt - and even this is frowned on by traditionalists.

On the other hand, when pork or tougher cuts of beef are used, these may be marinated for anything from a couple of hours to a whole night in the fresh air. Game and other strong-tasting meats are also prepared in the same way. However, the secret of a good asado normally lies in the way the meat is actually grilled or roasted. Care must be taken that the embers give off an even heat without flames and that the different cuts of meat are cooked evenly on both sides to the required taste.

In Argentina, most people expect all grilled or roast meat to be well cooked and juicy. Rare or half cooked beef, for example, is not popular. The offal is cooked in the same way and served crisp and brown on the outside. Douglas Town 77 Translation from Spanish to English 8. Abstraction English is a notoriously blunt language. Simple and direct language does not make you seem less learned or elegant in English: In what ways is the English version of this text simpler and more concrete than the Spanish version? The EU wants to promote human values and social progress.

Europeans see globalisation and technological change revolutionising the world, and they want people everywhere to be masters — not victims — of this process of change. Europeans cherish their rich heritage of values that includes a belief in human rights, social solidarity, free enterprise, a fair sharing of the fruits of economic growth, the right to a protected environment, respect for cultural, linguistic and religious diversity and a harmonious yoking of tradition and progress. European Union laws directly affect EU citizens and give them very specific rights.

The first step in European integration was taken when six countries Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands set up a common market in coal and steel. Doce lecciones sobre Europa por Pascal Fontaine Translation: The following text shows what happens when a translator fails to clarify concepts and remains too close to the patterning of the source text.

Bearing these points in mind, suggest ways in which the translation could be improved. However, the first overall results for textile consumption — as shown in figure 1 — point to there being a continued growth in textiles stock, both in absolute numbers and in relative terms between and To be more specific, we can see a significant growth in the number of textile items per family, going up from 48 79 Translation from Spanish to English Por lo que se refiere a las almohadas, cobertores y mantas y cubiertas de cama se mantienen en cifras muy similares entre y Finalmente, en cuanto a los otros grupos textiles -ropa blanca del hogar y cortinaspresentan un crecimiento moderado poco perceptible.

As we can see in this figure, the textile group which grew most between and was clothing and footwear, which went from 22 pieces per family to Within the category of personal clothing, the textile articles which increased most were underclothes and handkerchiefs. Outer garments, the most important and numerous sections, show a relatively moderate growth rate in and even fell in rural nuclei. Surprisingly enough, footwear does not have a high place, and accessories show a gradual fall — hats, ties, gloves etc — when, for example, the wide- or narrow- brimmed hat, not to mention all the other popular forms of headwear such as the montera, rye-straw hats, and bonnets, were common in almost every last corner of Spain well into the nineteenth century.

When it comes to footwear, this was possibly the area of attire least liable to influence by fashions, so that gaiters and footwear such as sandals, espadrilles and wooden clogs gave way very slowly to shoes, boots or ankle boots in probate inventories. Bed linen increased between and , from 18 items to 24 per probate inventory. More specifically, the increase in sets of sheets is particularly noticeable, - closely related to the composition of female trousseaux -, along with the increase in mattresses, more noticeable in the city than in rural areas, at the same time as the drop in palliasses — and in counterpanes.

With regard to pillows, bedspreads and blankets and bedcovers, figures are very similar between and However, there is a reduction in the number of bolsters, and numbers of people working in this way with straw are scant, virtually only found in rural nuclei. Finally, with regard to other textile groups — white household linen and curtains — there is a barely perceptible moderate growth.

Paragraph Division Task 9. Explain the criteria used by the translator to turn these two paragraphs in the ST into three paragraphs in the TT. And the mixed-race competencias de velocidad y de gauchos were no less equestrian. Ese tipo de carrera, llamada gaucho. They are still run enthusiastically in the Pero es insuficiente.

Lo que el Argentine plains today. And they draw verdadero aficionado quiere es un lugar crowds of hundreds of spectators, who place especial, una suerte de "catedral del bets on the animals of their choice. Dan Newland Task 9. Re-read the texts for Tasks 5. Read the two extracts below. They are both from introductory texts on psychoanalysis and they both introduce the topic of the Oedipus complex.

One of them is by a Spanish writer and the other is a translation of an English text. Which is which and why? Both texts are in Peninsular Spanish. Now read the edited article below on Contrastive Rhetoric to understand how these differences begin at secondary school. Introduction In the instruction of composition skills in both English and Spanish, teachers need to address language features at the text level, not just at the sentence level.

Many times students may master the vocabulary and the grammar of a language and still be unable to produce acceptable compositions because of problems due to conflicting discourse patterns -that is, the organization and development of text via the logical arrangement of ideas. This paper will analyze discourse features of compositions written in Spanish by secondary school students in Mexico, will draw comparisons with those written in English by Anglo-American students in the United States, and will discuss the implications of the results of this research for teaching and evaluating composition skills in Spanish language programs.

Past Studies in Contrastive Rhetoric of Discourse Patterns Past studies of discourse patterns in written texts in various languages indicate that the logical development of text varies depending on the native language of the writer. Part of the learning of a target language is the mastering of its logical system, and this is expressed in the discourse pattern of texts written by native speakers of that language.

The discourse pattern of English seems to be what has been studied most, since studies tend to compare English with some other language. Studies of the rhetorical patterns of various languages contrasted to English have been reported in the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Kaplan These studies in contrastive rhetoric indicate that in English an expository paragraph follows a sequence that is predominantly linear in its development, using a deductive or an inductive pattern, and that the discourse pattern in other languages may be different.

The discourse pattern for Asian languages, for example, tends to be circular -what Kaplan Paragraph development in Semitic languages is based on a complex series of parallel constructions. The development of the paragraph in the Romance languages exhibits a much greater freedom to introduce extraneous material in complex digressions from the central idea Kaplan Three studies contrasting rhetorical patterns in Puerto Rican Spanish and English have been reported by Santiago , Strei , and Santana-Seda These three studies show striking differences in the organization of written discourse in the texts written in Puerto Rican Spanish and in English.

The studies show that the compositions in Puerto Rican Spanish had significantly higher proportions of coordinate structures, nonsequential sentences, additive constructions, and one- and two-sentence paragraphs Kaplan Studies of Mexican Spanish Because Mexicans are the largest group of Spanish speakers in the world, a study of the discourse features of written Mexican Spanish is needed.

This research could contribute to the understanding of how native speakers of Mexican Spanish organize their expository writing and to the application of this understanding to the development of literacy skills in Spanish language programs. However, other sources of information on Mexican Spanish at the text level exist, such as textbooks on EnglishSpanish translation work; textbooks used in Mexico to teach language arts at the secondary school level; and books on social interaction patterns in Mexico, particularly those sections commenting on the use of language.

He states that each language has its own textual organization and that, in a paragraph in Spanish, flexible order is possible -even desirable. Paragraph development in Spanish rejects an abrupt start to the text, preferring to lead the reader through an introductory phase -an anticipatory stage- before signaling the topic. Furthermore, a rigid order of ideas in the development of the paragraph in Spanish will produce a monotonous effect in the text. Sentences in a paragraph in Spanish have a greater degree of freedom as to their order than they do in English, just as the syntactical elements of a sentence in Spanish have an extraordinary flexibility within the sentence.

These levels of subordination, in combination with the flowery lexical items accepted for the elegant, formal style in composition in Spanish, produce complicated sentences which are difficult to translate into English without breaking the ideas down into separate sentences. Overall, then, compared to the linear standard in English, the paragraph in Spanish will have a round-about development, further complicated by flowery language and information tagged on by means of commas or que in subordinate clauses.