Der Europäische Rat (German Edition)

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Rat suchende Personen oder or od Rat Suchende wenden sich bitte an … Akkusativ accusative case akk. I am at a loss. Example sentences from external sources for "Rat" not checked by the Langenscheidt editorial team. At the next station Katavasov followed this advice. And yet, how embarrassed the Council and the Commission sounded! I believe this is important and I would like an answer from the Council. As we know, Parliament is a budgetary authority together with the Council.

Bekanntlich nimmt das Parlament sein Haushaltsrecht gemeinsam mit dem Rat wahr.

Thus the current objectives of the Renewable Energy Sources Act would be rendered obsolete at this point, but the energy transition, defined as a complete transition towards energy from renewable sources, could become more achievable. Renewable energies are an exception to this. This is due to the fact that they are sold outside the trade carried out on the exchange because of the compulsory purchase scheme for power generated from renewables. It also gives rise to the question of which types of power plant can still be operated profitably.

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This is called the merit-order effect and it determines which types of power plant are brought into operation in which order see Figure 3. Figure 3 — Merit-order effect of renewable energies. Accordingly, nuclear and lignite-fired power plants, almost continuously in operation, are the cheapest. Anthracite and gas-fired power plants, which can be brought into operation as and when required, are more expensive.

Renewables upset this effect as they make gas-fired power plants — needed for covering peak loads — unprofitable. This necessitates fundamental adjustments in the energy market. Using two existing examples, it is shown in the following where the challenges posed by the energy transition lie for the established energy market and for neighbouring countries such as France. Two measures are used as a reaction to this.

German-English translation for "Rat"

Firstly, some thought is being given to maintaining these gas-fired power plants and financing them through state subsidies. Secondly, work is being done on making other power plants more flexible. Coal-fired power plants in particular are promising in this respect. As a result of technical developments it is now possible to operate coal-fired plants at a similar speed to that of gas-fired ones, which means that coal-fired plants, too, can absorb peak demand.

As this example shows, the energy transition is making technical adjustments necessary in other fields of energy and is leading to a faster pace of innovation in the energy sector overall.

"Europäischer Rat" English translation

The hope that politicians, research and business currently have is that, long-term and globally, Germany can carve out for itself a technological lead. As the energy market is linked up to neighbouring countries via the grids, any errors arising in the system will have an effect on these countries too. It is in the nature of things that some forms of energy have production peaks which can be predicted. Photovoltaic systems, for example, produce most electricity in the midday period — which is good, because this is the time with the highest electricity consumption.

The production of electricity from wind energy, on the other hand, is more difficult to predict. Also, not always the same amounts of electricity are consumed. Across Europe, less electricity is needed during the night and at weekends. If there is one day during a weekend which is especially sunny and windy, then so much energy can be fed into the grid from solar and wind power sources that electricity requirements are met in their entirety.

As statutory requirements forbid any power plants to be disconnected from the grid, steps then have to be taken which can lead to major conflicts with neighbouring countries. First, all possible power plants operating with conventional forms of energy are shut down — which can be done with coal and gas-fired plants. Nuclear power plants can only be shut down and started up again over a period of several days, which means that they stay on grid. If, then, there is still too much electricity being produced, the price for it falls on the exchange.

This may go on until the price is negative.

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A good example of this is what happened on 17 August see Figure 4. This electricity is fed into the European grid and exported to neighbouring countries. If power plants in these countries likewise have relatively inflexible capacities, the grid comes under pressure. A good example of this is provided by France, which itself consumes less electricity on a Sunday, provides part of its electricity production through inflexible nuclear power plants, and is burdened with cheap electricity due to the German Renewable Energy Sources Act see below.

In consequence, the French electricity grid is heavily impacted. The classic storage facilities are pumped-storage power plants [cf. For a whole country, and for a period of several days, the storage facilities currently in existence in most European countries are completely inadequate.

On a smaller scale, one possibility is to connect a few thousand disused car batteries in series and use them for storage purposes — although this would be enough for only a few hundred households. Currently, for example, attempts are being made to convert disused underground caverns so that, in times of high levels of electricity production, air can be compressed into them. When required, the air is released and drives turbines. However, two fundamental problems have arisen here so far.

Context sentences for "Rat"

Firstly, the stability of the caverns — as well as of the constant addition and removal of air under high pressure — has not been tried and tested. And secondly, the turbines ice up when the air is released into them and the pressure drops. Investigations are also being carried out to see whether the gradients in disused lignite-fired power plants can be used for new pumped-storage power plants, working with open reservoirs or pipe systems. Currently, the most promising approach is power-to-gas technology, in which excess electricity from renewable energy sources is used for electrolysis processes, with the aim of storing the energy contained in substances.

Water, for example, is split up into its constituent components, and the hydrogen is converted to methane, using carbon dioxide, and is fed into the - very well developed - natural gas network, which then becomes a storage facility. At locations where there is a need, the natural gas thus produced can be converted back to electricity using gas-fired power plants. In addition, the gas could be used for the provision of heating. Figure 4 — Electricity production and spot prices in calendar week 33 in In addition to the market conditions already described, it is legislation which plays a central role.

In Europe and Germany there are laws and regulations which play a key role in shaping the energy business. The most important as far as the energy transition is concerned are the following: EU Emissions Trading System: Defining the upper limits for CO 2 emissions by means of certificate trading is designed to protect the climate and to promote energy efficiency technologies in power plants.

However, the prices of CO 2 certificates have dropped sharply over the past few years. This Act includes three mechanisms: Because of the way it works, it competes with the system of CO 2 certificate trading. This Act contains the essential regulations covering pipeline- and grid-based energy supplies in Germany. From this can be derived, amongst other things, the three goals of energy policy: The Federal Grid Agency has the function of regulating the energy market.

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Energy Grid Expansion Act: Grid Expansion Acceleration Act: This Act was introduced because of the long planning horizons and the high level of pressure to construct new grids. The aim is to speed up planning processes. Responsibility was devolved to the Federal Grid Agency. Certain review processes and opportunities for taking legal action have been speeded up or have been cancelled.

As a result of the Act, individual sectors of industry — such as the photovoltaic industry a few years ago — have been promoted particularly strongly and have enjoyed a rapid development [cf. A reduction in remuneration rates — made necessary because of high costs — pushed these sectors into a crisis in The last amendment to the Renewable Energy Sources Act saw further reductions in remuneration for more sectors of industry, as well as a cap on overall remuneration, in order to achieve the goal of a coordinated expansion corridor.

As a result of this, bio-energy is currently undergoing a crisis. Guaranteeing security of energy supplies in the EU,. Promoting energy efficiency, energy savings and the development of new and renewable energy sources, and.

Legislation

Promoting the interconnection of energy networks. According to the proviso regarding national sovereignty in Article II of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the measures necessary for this do not affect the right of any member state to decide for itself on the conditions for the use of energy resources, on the choice between different sources of energy and on the general structure of energy supplies, which means that competences regarding energy policy continue to remain principally with the member states [cf.

This energy action plan was accepted by the Council of the European Union in March [cf. Current figures show that up to renewable energies in Germany achieved a share of In order to ensure that these national savings targets can be achieved, the German government has drawn up a National Energy Efficiency Plan which provides for a mix of instruments including information and advice, support programmes, regulatory legislation and incentive systems [cf.

This latter target, however, is binding only at EU level, whereas the member states are to make their own national commitments in this respect by on the basis of their current targets for renewables [cf. However, no nationally binding targets will be derived from the targets for renewable energies and energy efficiency at EU level, which means that it is possible for member states to define their own higher national targets [cf. Both alternatives have advantages and disadvantages as regards availability, land use, participation and prosperity, though these can be combined only to a limited extent in many places.

There is no question that photovoltaic systems on the roofs of private houses can co-exist with large-scale wind parks in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. A much more important question that needs to be addressed is how any expansion of individual sources of energy is to be undertaken. Which is better — a large number of wind parks with or without the financial involvement of local populations , or single offshore wind parks in the hands of established energy companies?

Is a large number of solar energy systems on housetops better than a few large photovoltaic parks on open spaces, e. German regional planning has a variety of instruments for managing the energy transition.

One important one is drawing up and implementing general principles for spatial planning, currently being revised see Figure 5. At first glance, the map gives the impression that, from the point of view of planning, a centralized expansion is preferred, consisting of large offshore wind parks in northern Germany with transmission lines going to the south of the country. One thing to note, however, is that the figure is problematic on the scale shown: The implementation of this plan is therefore strongly criticized by many academics working in the field of spatial sciences, who call for a general principle for spatial planning specific to the energy transition [cf.

Because of the great importance of renewable energies, however, they are embedded in the planning undertaken by all states in the country and account for a significant part of this planning. The federal states frequently play a mediating role and stipulate target corridors for individual districts for the expansion of renewable energies. In addition, types of area and landscape are defined in which such an expansion is to be either promoted or not carried out at all. In line with the principle of subsidiarity, the lowest possible level is responsible for planning, which means that the energy sources are ordered by their importance for the area.

Photovoltaic systems and bio-energy are accordingly approved at municipal level, subject to the relevant legislation. Because of the height of wind turbines alone, wind energy nowadays has an importance beyond local borders and is subject to regional planning, which identifies suitable areas and restricts the use of wind energy exclusively to these areas.

In the case of photovoltaic systems in open spaces it is assumed that such systems are the least marketable and react most strongly to the remunerations laid down in the Renewable Energy Sources Act. In the current version of the Act, for example, remunerations are restricted to landfills and areas alongside motorways and railways. In this connection, bio-energy is the most difficult to handle as influence can be brought to bear only on the approval for the installation s given by the regional planners.

The largest part is accounted for by agricultural use especially for growing maize which cannot be influenced but is subject to good professional practice on the part of farmers. The former covers all plans for which extensive implementation is compulsory. This means that a regional plan is drawn up and established for all regions, and preparatory land use plans and, if necessary, binding land use plans are also drawn up for the municipalities.