One Unexpected Event

Researchers found that planning systems generally incorporate a means of defining the resources necessary to meet expenses that are expected during retirement expenses, but help in preparing for unexpected expenses less frequently. Rappaport includes some suggestions for things individuals can do to prepare for the unexpected. Make a list of possible unexpected expenses and risks, and expectations for dealing with them.

Be prepared for dental expenses. Plan for long-term care.

Avoid the use of high cost debt. Evaluate whether current housing will continue to be affordable.

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Use caution in providing financial help to family. There are things that benefit plans and service providers can do to help with preparation for unexpected events as well, Rappaport says. Provide tools or offer information about the use of publicly available tools. Provide access to professional advice.

Explore financial wellness programs and ways of helping employees handle debt. These expanded criteria can more inclusively measure and manage how pilots improve during training and recover from a variety of upsets. In aviation, surprise often results when something that is expected to happen, in fact, does not. This creates a twofold problem: In some cases, the area microphone for the cockpit voice recorder clearly recorded the gear warning horn. In the other case, if a pilot does not know what to expect in a situation, then informational cues may be ignored or a large number will be viewed as unexpected.

This potentially creates distractions to, and interruptions of, the primary task of flying the aircraft. Aircraft upsets occur for a variety of reasons. The following list of causes was compiled from the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid , developed by the aviation industry and the U. A review of accidents and incidents shows the following factors to be frequently involved in surprising and unexpected events:.

Events in the cockpit, good or bad, that affect the equilibrium of the person, the system or the situation can be considered stressors. Fixation is particularly detrimental because the ongoing task of flying the aircraft must be attended to continuously. Otherwise, the following tasks may be neglected:. Flight instruction should emphasize the following:.

One Unexpected Event - Alan Scaglione

The following mental processes should be considered during training and continuously revisited during flight operations:. Poor planning leads to poor judgement. Lack of familiarity with the airplane, the flight environment, operating procedures, the route of flight and the destination airport can contribute to bad decisions.

These scenarios may not, at first glance, seem to be so unexpected. However, research has demonstrated that these seemingly everyday occurrences indeed contribute to unwanted situations and outcomes.

Most aviators have had experiences in similar situations. A takeoff clearance while holding for departure usually would not be regarded as surprising. However, as the following report to the U. The controller advised us to be ready to go. And then, there was about a three-minute break in the arriving traffic.