The I Formation: A Journal on Tennis, Goals, & Life

You practice as hard as you can, with girls, with boys. You have a dream.

You fight, you work, you sacrifice to get to this stage. You work as hard as anyone you know. Williams targeted the powers-that-be rather than society at large. The internet provides the perfect vehicle to amplify single voices.

Others players speak up in the media. When a reporter asked Serena Williams about being one of the greatest female athletes of all time, she shot back: The upside of magnifying individual voices is that players have drawn attention to issues that matter to them outside of the sport.

Kristi Tredway, a gender-studies professor and former professional tennis player, says of Serena Williams: But there are downsides to independent activism. Tredway says athletes could achieve their goals more easily if they advocated as a unit. In a recent panel with King and former champ Chris Evert, she discussed defending equal pay on Twitter: Many players shy away from activism because of money.

Corporate sponsors are more wary than ever of athletes who speak their minds about social and political issues. But others blame the lack of collective action regarding equal rights on plain old apathy. LaVoi says some athletes have the delusional sense that equality has already been achieved.

The fight for equal rights in tennis needs a more unified front and more passionate voices. While the Battle of the Sexes was a massive win for women, a similar showdown could have a regressive effect on gender roles if it happened today. The last person to call for another Battle of the Sexes was Donald Trump. Nobody could question her talent and strength. The results indicated that players from Group A generally possessed very high level of achievement motivation. It suggests that the high level of achievement motivation supported sport development of players from Group A and was one of the reasons of their progress.

Achievement motivation is an essential element of human personality. Without the desire to succeed other psychological features and abilities do not provide nearly so much influence on performance. Achievement motivation influences other factors affecting performance in sport like: This action is a product of two tendencies: People with greater achievement motivation prefer tasks and situations where they can influence the result and their actions are successful Gracz and Sankowski, Such people continue long-lasting insoluble tasks more effectively and reveal greater persistence Atkinson and Feather, Situations similar to this are dominant in sports performance.

Thus those tennis players who attain international status may be characterised by high levels of achievement motivation.

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These observations were confirmed in research on tennis players conducted by Butt and Cox The results indicated a higher level of achievement motivation among top class tennis players in relation to university players in the USA. On the other hand, the so-called negative motivation is characteristic of people with low achievement motivation, who are not confident and want to avoid a failure. In a match situation it usually evokes excessive stimulation and lowers the quality of sports performance. In the long term this often leads to a lack of progress or even giving up practising.

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High achievement motivation often manifests in an optimum level of stimulation in difficult situations and in realistic levels of aspiration Czajkowski, The analysis indicates that achievement motivation can be identified as one property which determines the progress of young players with serious aspirations to play at international level. Therefore achievement motivation should be added to the other important components which influence tennis performance and coaches should consider measuring the level of this achievement motivation during talent identification.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Sports Sci Med. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Sep 12; Accepted Oct 3. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Dear Editor-in-Chief Psychological factors influencing tennis performance have long been recognised Crespo,