Fundamental Handball

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During the next several decades, indoor handball flourished and evolved in the Scandinavian countries. The sport re-emerged onto the world stage as team handball for the Summer Olympics in Munich.

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Women's team handball was added at the Summer Olympics in Montreal. Due to its popularity in the region, the Eastern European countries that refined the event became the dominant force in the sport when it was reintroduced. The International Handball Federation organised the men's world championship in and every four sometimes three years from World War II to Since the world championship in Iceland, the competition has been held every two years.

The women's world championship has been held since The IHF also organizes women's and men's junior world championships.

By July , the IHF listed member federations - approximately , teams and 19 million players. The rules are laid out in the IHF's set of rules. Two teams of seven players six field players plus one goalkeeper take the field and attempt to score points by putting the game ball into the opposing team's goal. In handling the ball, players are subject to the following restrictions:. Notable scoring opportunities can occur when attacking players jump into the goal area.

For example, an attacking player may catch a pass while launching inside the goal area, and then shoot or pass before touching the floor. Doubling occurs when a diving attacking player passes to another diving teammate. The goals are surrounded by a near-semicircular area, called the zone or the crease, defined by a line six meters from the goal. A dashed near-semicircular line nine metres from the goal marks the free-throw line. Each line on the court is part of the area it encompasses. This implies that the middle line belongs to both halves at the same time.

The goals are two meters high and three meters wide. They must be securely bolted either to the floor or the wall behind. The goal posts and the crossbar must be made out of the same material e.

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The three sides of the beams visible from the playing field must be painted alternatingly in two contrasting colors which both have to contrast against the background. The colors on both goals must be the same. Each goal must feature a net. This must be fastened in such a way that a ball thrown into the goal does not leave or pass the goal under normal circumstances. If necessary, a second net may be clasped to the back of the net on the inside.

Fundamental Handball

The goals are surrounded by the crease. This area is delineated by two quarter circles with a radius of six metres around the far corners of each goal post and a connecting line parallel to the goal line. Only the defending goalkeeper is allowed inside this zone. However, the court players may catch and touch the ball in the air within it as long as the player starts his jump outside the zone and releases the ball before he lands landing inside the perimeter is allowed in this case as long as the ball has been released.

If a player without the ball contacts the ground inside the goal perimeter, or the line surrounding the perimeter, he must take the most direct path out of it. However, should a player cross the zone in an attempt to gain an advantage e. Similarly, violation of the zone by a defending player is penalized only if they do so in order to gain an advantage in defending.

Outside of one long edge of the playing field to both sides of the middle line are the substitution areas for each team. The areas usually contain the benches as seating opportunities. Team officials, substitutes, and suspended players must wait within this area. The area always lies to the same side as the team's own goal. During half-time, substitution areas are swapped.

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Any player entering or leaving the play must cross the substitution line which is part of the side line and extends 4. A standard match for all teams of at least age 16 has two minute halves with a to minute halftime break. At half-time, teams switch sides of the court as well as benches.



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For youths the length of the halves is reduced—25 minutes at ages 12 to 15, and 20 minutes at ages 8 to 11; though national federations of some countries may differ in their implementation from the official guidelines. If a decision must be reached in a particular match e. Should these not decide the game either, the winning team is determined in a penalty shootout best-of-five rounds; if still tied, extra rounds afterwards until won by one team. The referees may call timeout according to their sole discretion; typical reasons are injuries, suspensions, or court cleaning.

Penalty throws should trigger a timeout only for lengthy delays, such as a change of the goalkeeper. Since , teams can call 3 team timeouts per game up to two per half , which last one minute each. This right may only be invoked by team in ball possession. Team representatives must show a green card marked with a black T on the timekeeper's desk.

The timekeeper then immediately interrupts the game by sounding an acoustic signal and stops the time. Before that, it was one per half. For purpose of calling timeouts, overtime and shootouts are extensions of the second half. A handball match is adjudicated by two equal referees.

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Some national bodies allow games with only a single referee in special cases like illness on short notice. Should the referees disagree on any occasion, a decision is made on mutual agreement during a short timeout; or, in case of punishments, the more severe of the two comes into effect. The referees are obliged to make their decisions "on the basis of their observations of facts".

The referees position themselves in such a way that the team players are confined between them. They stand diagonally aligned so that each can observe one side line. Depending on their positions, one is called field referee and the other goal referee. These positions automatically switch on ball turnover. They physically exchange their positions approximately every 10 minutes long exchange , and change sides every five minutes short exchange.

The IHF defines 18 hand signals for quick visual communication with players and officials. The signal for warning or disqualification is accompanied by a yellow or red card, [9] respectively.

Coaching | GAA Handball

The referees also use whistle blows to indicate infractions or to restart the play. The referees are supported by a scorekeeper and a timekeeper who attend to formal things such as keeping track of goals and suspensions, or starting and stopping the clock, respectively. They also keep an eye on the benches and notify the referees on substitution errors. Their desk is located between the two substitution areas.

Each team consists of seven players on court and seven substitute players on the bench. A handball game lasts for a regulation 60 minutes. This is split into two periods of 30 minutes each with a 15 minute interval. For younger players, the period time can be reduced to 20 minutes. The standard handball games features 7 players on each side, six outfield players and one goalkeeper.

A team will also have 7 substitutes, which can be used on a rolling basis and with no need to notify the referee. There is semi-circle area around each goal area, sometimes referred to as the crease or the zone.