Trinidad & Tobago

The University of Trinidad and Tobago established , with campuses throughout the islands, provides technical and professional training in the sciences, technology, education, and other fields. The University of the Southern Caribbean ; Seventh-day Adventist is a private degree-granting institution near St. There are also technical and vocational institutes and several nonuniversity tertiary-level institutions, both public and private. Naipaul , as well as the noted cultural historian and cricket writer C.

The islands are known for steel-band and calypso music and for the dance known as the limbo.

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Derived from African music and dance forms, these are important features of the annual Carnival celebration, which to many represents the ultimate creative expression of the islands. Cricket and football soccer are the most popular sports. When Christopher Columbus reached Trinidad in on his third voyage, the island was inhabited by Arawakan-speaking tribal groups originally from the Orinoco River delta region and a smaller number of Cariban speakers.

In the 16th century many of these Trinidadian Indians were captured by Spanish slave traders and sent to work in other Spanish possessions, but there was no effective Spanish presence on the island until Even after the development of the island proceeded slowly. Few Spaniards immigrated to Trinidad; only a handful of African slaves were imported; and there was little production or export. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, tobacco and, later, cacao were cultivated, using Trinidadian Indian labour, but after a disastrous failure of the cacao crop in the s, the industry declined.

The island remained undeveloped until the late 18th century. From the Spanish government encouraged Roman Catholics from the other Caribbean islands to settle in Trinidad with their slaves. Most of the settlers were French, and French influence became dominant. Many slaves were brought in from the other colonies and from Africa. Plantations were established, production of cotton and sugar began, and trade increased markedly. By , when Britain seized the island from Spain, Trinidad had begun its development as a plantation economy and a slave society. Trinidad was formally ceded to Britain in Slavery was abolished in two stages between and , and the sugarcane planters were unable to secure the steady, tractable, and cheap labour they wanted.

In the immigration of indentured workers from the Indian subcontinent began; it continued until As early as , about one-fourth of the total population consisted of Indo-Trinidadians. The original Trinidadian Indian inhabitants had by then virtually disappeared. Other immigrants came to Trinidad after from the smaller British Caribbean colonies, Africa as free settlers rescued from foreign slave ships , Madeira, China, Syria , Lebanon , Venezuela, and the United Kingdom.

Tobago, also sighted by Columbus in , did not have any permanent European settlement until the 18th century. Its development as a sugar colony began when it was ceded to Britain in and continued throughout the period from to , during which time Tobago changed hands between Britain and France several times. Tobago was ceded to Britain for the last time in , but by then its importance as a sugar-exporting colony had already begun to wane.

Tobago had its own bicameral legislature until In this way the united colony of Trinidad and Tobago was created. In Tobago became a ward administrative district of Trinidad and Tobago. Unlike most of the other British West Indian colonies, including Tobago, Trinidad was never granted a bicameral legislature with an elected assembly.

Instead, it was governed as a crown colony, with a governor and from a legislative council consisting of top officials and so-called unofficial members nominated by the governor. The constitution of the crown colony underwent no significant modification until During the British colonial period, many activists sought to change the constitution to allow the inclusion of some elected members on the Trinidad and Tobago Legislative Council. In a constitutional reform did that, adding seven elected members.

Further agitation—especially an islandwide series of strikes and riots in under Grenadan-born labour leader Uriah Butler—led to the grant of universal suffrage in and other constitutional reforms that provided for a measure of self-government. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence in and became a republic within the Commonwealth in The PNM won six consecutive elections and held power from to This continuity and stability in government were accompanied by economic problems and social unrest, which broke out in widespread disturbances in — The oil boom in —81 brought sudden prosperity to most sections of the population, and Trinidad and Tobago entered a period of rapid development and industrialization.

A substantial state sector and fairly comprehensive social welfare programs were created from the petroleum profits, while the private sector expanded rapidly. Robinson, won the majority of seats on a program calling for divestment of most state-owned companies, reorganization of the civil service , and structural readjustment of the economy in the light of shrinking oil revenues.

Although the NAR government succeeded somewhat in stimulating economic growth while keeping inflation low, its policies were widely resented, and the party was damaged by splits and defections. In July a small radical Muslim group attempted a coup, in which several ministers, including Robinson, the prime minister, were held hostage for six days.

In the prime minister called an early general election. Panday was the first Indo-Trinidadian prime minister, and his government was the first in Trinidad and Tobago to be controlled by a party whose electoral base was the Indo-Trinidadian population.

After leaving office, Panday was charged in with having failed to declare assets to the parliamentary Integrity Commission. There was considerable new investment, especially in tourism, petrochemicals, and natural gas.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, Trinidad and Tobago has continued its rapid pace of industrial development, which included building liquefied natural gas plants and steel smelters. The state-owned sugar producer and refiner, Caroni Ltd. Others turned to the cultivation of alternative crops such as cassava and fruits, and a compensation plan was offered to former sugar-industry workers. We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles.

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Dec 16, See Article History. Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Learn More in these related Britannica articles: On flatland of some 30, acres 12, hectares , the cane is grown on heavy clay soil in a climate with 50 inches 1, millimetres of rain during the seven-month wet season and 10 inches during the five-month dry season.

After stopping at Trinidad named for the Holy Trinity, whose protection he had invoked for the voyage , Columbus entered the Gulf of Paria and planted the Spanish flag on the Paria Peninsula in Venezuela. The barrel bottoms are hammered inward, different areas being shaped to yield distinct pitches. When struck with rubber-tipped mallets, the…. Used for dancing at Carnival and at fetes, soca emphasizes rhythmic energy and studio production—including synthesized sounds and electronically mixed ensemble effects—over storytelling, a quality more typical of calypso songs, which….

The second and third voyages economic independence efforts In West Indies: Dependency flag history In flag of Trinidad and Tobago mechanization and tropical crops In agricultural technology: Knowsley Building , Port of Spain. Bioluminescence is the release of a blueish glow from marine plankton when agitated. The light is a defense mechanism to keep predators away but due its stunning beauty, it has the opposite effect on humans.

The best part is that they always accompany the accent with a charming smile. Tourism Development Company Ltd. Trinidad and Tobago is the home of steel pans — musical instruments made from an oil barrel. The melodic notes that ring out from the instruments can take various tones: Cuisine influences from various cultures like the East Indians, Africans, Europeans, Middle Easterners and Chinese created a unique palate for locals.

The nightlife is endless. Hundreds of patrons at a Trinidad Carnival fete. Fishermen pull in their boats at sunset at Mount Irvine Beach.

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My Account Sign In Using. In The Court of Arbitration for Sport made its final decision on the failed doping sample from the Jamaican team in the 4 x relay in the Olympic Games. The team from Trinidad and Tobago will be awarded the Gold medal, because of the second rank during the relay run. Cricket is a popular sport of Trinidad and Tobago, with intense inter-island rivalry with its Caribbean neighbours. Cricket is the national sport of the country.

The national team plays at the first-class level in regional competitions such as the Regional Four Day Competition and Regional Super Trinidad and Tobago along with other islands from the Caribbean co-hosted the Cricket World Cup. Brian Lara , world record holder for the most runs scored both in a Test and in a First Class innings and other records, was born in a small town of Santa Cruz, Trinidad and Tobago and is often referred to as the Prince of Port of Spain or simply the Prince.

This legendary West Indian batsman is widely regarded along with Sir Donald Bradman, Sunil Gavaskar and Sachin Tendulkar as one of the best batsmen ever to have played the game, and is one of the most famous sporting icons in the country. Association football is also a popular sport in Trinidad and Tobago.

The men's national football team qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time by beating Bahrain in Manama on 16 November , making them the second smallest country ever in terms of population to qualify, after Iceland. The team, coached by Dutchman Leo Beenhakker , and led by Tobagonian-born captain Dwight Yorke , drew their first group game — against Sweden in Dortmund , 0—0, but lost the second game to England on late goals, 0—2. They were eliminated after losing 2—0 to Paraguay in the last game of the Group Stage. Following the match, the referee of their critical game against Haiti was awarded a lifetime ban for his actions.

The TT Pro League is the country's primary football competition and is the top level of the Trinidad and Tobago football league system. The Pro League serves as a league for professional football clubs in Trinidad and Tobago. The league began in as part of a need for a professional league to strengthen the country's national team and improve the development of domestic players. The first season took place in the same year beginning with eight teams.

Basketball is commonly played in Trinidad and Tobago in colleges, universities and throughout various urban basketball courts. Its national team is one of the most successful teams in the Caribbean. At the Caribbean Basketball Championship it won four straight gold medals from — Netball has long been a popular sport in Trinidad and Tobago, although it has declined in popularity in recent years.

At the Netball World Championships they co-won the event in , were runners up in , and second runners up in Rugby is played in Trinidad and Tobago and continues to be a popular sport, and horse racing is regularly followed in the country. The team is a provisional member of the Pan American Baseball Confederation.

There are a number of 9 and hole golf courses on Trinidad and Tobago. Tobago has two hole courses. Although a minor sport, bodybuilding is of growing interest in Trinidad and Tobago. Heavyweight female bodybuilder Kashma Maharaj is of Trinidadian descent.

Dragonboat is also another water-sport that has been rapidly growing over the years. The flag was chosen by the Independence committee in Red, black and white symbolise the warmth of the people, the richness of the earth and water respectively. The coat of arms was designed by the Independence committee, and features the scarlet ibis native to Trinidad , the cocrico native to Tobago and hummingbird.

The shield bears three ships, representing both the Trinity, and the three ships that Columbus sailed. There are five categories and thirteen classes of national awards: The national flower of Trinidad and Tobago is the chaconia flower. It was chosen as the national flower because it is an indigenous flower that has witnessed the history of Trinidad and Tobago.

It was also chosen as the national flower because of its red color that resembles the red of the national flag and coat of arms and because it blooms around the Independence Day of Trinidad and Tobago. The national birds of Trinidad and Tobago are the scarlet ibis and the cocrico. The scarlet ibis is kept safe by the government by living in the Caroni Bird Sanctuary which was set up by the government for the protection of these birds.

The Cocrico is more indigenous to the island of Tobago and are more likely to be seen in the forest. This article incorporates text from a free content work. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see Wikipedia: Adding open license text to Wikipedia.

For information on reusing text from Wikipedia , please see the terms of use. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the islands of the sovereign state, see Trinidad and Tobago. For other uses, see Trinidad disambiguation and Tobago disambiguation. Trinidadians and Tobagonians Trini colloquial Trinbagonian [5]. Geography of Trinidad and Tobago.

Ecology of Trinidad and Tobago. History of Trinidad and Tobago. Politics of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago. Economy of Trinidad and Tobago. Transport in Trinidad and Tobago. Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. August Learn how and when to remove this template message. Education in Trinidad and Tobago. Women in Trinidad and Tobago. Culture of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago cuisine. Music of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago at the Olympics.

Trinidad and Tobago | People, Culture, Map, & Flag | www.newyorkethnicfood.com

Cricket in the West Indies and Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team. Association football in Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago national basketball team. National symbols of Trinidad and Tobago. Flag of Trinidad and Tobago. Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago. Forged from the Love of Liberty. Scarlet ibis and Rufous-vented chachalaca. Archived from the original PDF on 19 October Retrieved 2 August Trinidad and Tobago Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 27 May Retrieved 25 February Retrieved 23 December United Nations Development Programme.



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Retrieved 15 September Retrieved 13 April Trinidad and Tobago News. World Economic Outlook Database, October Retrieved 8 November Archived from the original on 12 January Retrieved 13 September The New Trinidad and Tobago , p. US Department of State. Convention on Biological Diversity. Retrieved 9 August Her Majesty's Stationery Office , London, Retrieved 9 July Retrieved 12 July Retrieved 25 October Retrieved 21 October A History of Modern Trinidad — History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago. Understanding Ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago Politics".

The East Indians and indentureship". Retrieved 2 May Solving East Indian Roots in Trinidad. A New System of Slavery: Export of Indian Labour Overseas — Hansib Publishing Caribbean Ltd. Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad — An introduction to the history of Trinidad and Tobago [Nachdr. The Muslimeen grab for power: Port of Spain, Trinidad, West Indies: Archived from the original on 10 July World Travel and Tourism Council. Retrieved 7 October S port Archived 5 March at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved on 5 November Archived from the original on 5 October Cocaine and Heroin Trafficking in the Caribbean: Democracy for peace, security, and development".

Retrieved 30 May Retrieved 15 November Archived from the original PDF on 7 July Archived from the original on 3 May Archived from the original on 21 May Retrieved 15 August The Jamaica Gleaner, 29 April Challenges of High Debt and Low Growth. Retrieved 10 September University of the West Indies. Trinidad and Tobago's Newsday. The Secretariat for The Implementation of Spanish.

Government of the Republic. Archived from the original on 3 November Retrieved 10 January Margeret to get the total population] ". CSO Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved July 30,