Une liaison scandaleuse (Jade) (French Edition)

Member feedback about Les Films du Poisson: Media in Paris Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about The Tree film: French Christmas films Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. List of French erotic films topic This is a list of the most notable softcore erotic films and sex comedy films produced in France including co-productions.

Member feedback about List of French erotic films: French erotic films Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about French New Wave: Cinema of France Revolvy Brain revolvybrain films benjy. Debut novels Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Cinema of France topic Cinema of France refers to the film industry based in France. Member feedback about Cinema of France: Cinema of France Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Lists of French films topic This is a list of films produced in the French cinema, ordered by year and decade of release on separate pages.

Member feedback about Lists of French films: On Tour film topic On Tour French: Member feedback about On Tour film: Irish films Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. List of French films of topic A list of films produced in France in Member feedback about List of French films of Member feedback about New French Extremity: Daniela Akerblom topic Daniela Akerblom is a Canadian actress who has appeared both on television and in films. Member feedback about Daniela Akerblom: Living people Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

Member feedback about Madame de Pompadour: Boby Lapointe topic Robert "Boby" Lapointe 16 April — 29 June was a French actor and singer, noted for his humorous texts, alliterations[1] and plays on words. Member feedback about Boby Lapointe: French male singers Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Lists of animated films Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. List of French films of topic This is a list of films produced in France in Member feedback about Jennifer Decker: French actresses Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

List of French films of topic A list of French-produced films scheduled for release in Film incomplete lists Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Genre Documentaire De Wang Bing. En attendant, il travaille comme vigile. Quelque chose semble avoir fait fuir les derniers habitants du coin.

Madonna - À écouter sur Deezer | Musique en streaming

Genre Policier De Michael R. Il y rencontre Maria, une magnifique Colombienne. Ils tombent follement amoureux. Il traverse leurs vies. Mais certains voyages sont sans retour. Tiens toi droite Louise, Sam, Lili. Mais un investisseur habile les prive soudain de capital. Adams, Erin Pitt, Natasha Henstridge. Ils sont en fait… agents secrets! Genre Animation De Simon J. Arthur Newman Wallace Avery ne supporte plus sa vie.

Il opte alors pour une solution radicale: Genre Thriller De J. Cold in July Hall, Don Johnson, Sam Shepard. Ils trouveront leur public et joueront dans les plus grands clubs de la capitale. Queen and Country Il compte ainsi quitter Las Vegas pour mener une vie meilleure.

La Dame en Noir 2: Cours sans te retourner Loin des Hommes Les Souvenirs Romain a 23 ans. Son colocataire a 24 ans. The Cut Anatolie, Les Nouveaux sauvages est un film sur eux. Disparue en Hiver Daniel est un ex-policier reconverti dans le recouvrement de dettes. Genre Documentaire De Nora Philippe. Pasolini Rome, novembre Le dernier jour de la vie de Pier Paolo Pasolini. Dance Off Jasmine et Brandon sont amis depuis toujours. Le Portugal lutte contre la crise et Joaquim contre la mort. Genre Documentaire De Joaquim Pinto. Mais, au retour de leur voyage de noces, George se fait subitement licencier.

Que vont-ils faire de cette seconde chance?

• Les meilleures sorties DVD et VOD de l’année 2018;
• Les meilleures sorties DVD et VOD de l’année - eVous!
• Media in Paris.
• Sous-thèmes.
• ‎Erotique‎;
• www.newyorkethnicfood.com:Kindle Store:Kindle eBooks:eBooks in Foreign Languages:By Language:French:Romance!

Le Dernier Loup Souvenirs de Marnie Anna, jeune fille solitaire, vit en ville avec ses parents adoptifs. Genre Documentaire De Gabe Polsky. Genre Animation De Paul Tibbitt. Mais sa protection a un prix: Et le nouveau voisin, incroyablement charmant, qui se retrouve au centre de toutes les attentions. Moustache, et son chien, Bosco. Projet Almanac Et si vous aviez une seconde chance… Que feriez-vous? Genre Animation De Alexs Stadermann. A Trois on y va Charlotte et Micha sont jeunes et amoureux. Complice du secret de chacun. Rio Siege , Rio de Janeiro.

Genre Animation De Richard Starzak. La Duchesse de Varsovie Valentin est un jeune peintre qui vit dans le monde imaginaire de ses tableaux. Le commandant a deux options: Cake Claire Bennett va mal. Le Cercle Zurich, Chacun va devoir faire le point sur sa vie et sur ses relations aux autres. Mais sa rencontre avec le gang de Sherwood, des justiciers qui eux volent les riches pour donner aux pauvres, va contrarier ses plans.

Le Labyrinthe du Silence Allemagne Ou est-elle encore en vie? Le Secret de Kanwar Inde post-coloniale. Genre Animation De Steve Loter. Tommy remet cependant sa mission en question. Jamais de la Vie Franck, 52 ans, est gardien de nuit dans un centre commercial de banlieue. Il est carrossier et de droite. Une Belle fin Modeste fonctionnaire dans une banlieue de Londres, John May se passionne pour son travail. Genre Documentaire De Harold Crooks.

Genre Documentaire De Florian Habicht. Elle est une pianiste accomplie et ne peut vivre sans musique. Ils vont devoir cohabiter sans se voir San Francisco San Francisco Il fait la connaissance de Todd, un des danseurs de la troupe. Le Labyrinthe du silence Allemagne Ils font des documentaires avec rien et ils vivent en faisant des petits boulots.

French Christmas films

Mais Pierre ne veut pas quitter Manon pour Elisabeth, il veut garder les deux. Manon, elle, rompt tout de suite avec son amant. Manos Sucias Depuis le port de Buenaventura, ville la plus dangereuse de Colombie, trois hommes embarquent pour un voyage sur les eaux sombres du Pacifique. Genre Documentaire De Carmen Castillo. Pour garder son emploi, peut-il tout accepter? Nos Femmes Max, Paul et Simon sont amis depuis 35 ans.

Un soir, nos trois amis ont rendez-vous chez Max pour une partie de cartes. Pour tous ces enfants, Christina va devenir "Mama Tina" Des bandits sans foi ni loi en profitent pour occuper le nord-est du pays. Mais le jeune homme refuse. Il est malin, sage et vit dans un foyer. Ils ne vont plus se quitter. Un an plus tard, six de ses amis se connectent, un soir, sur skype, pour "tchater" entre eux. Mais cela ne lui suffit pas! Genre Animation De Aleksey Tsitsilin. Genre Horreur De Stephen T. Le tableau serait banal si Michel ne dissimulait un lourd secret: Genre Animation De Mark Osborne.

Les Chaises musicales Perrine est une musicienne presque professionnelle. Le Tout Nouveau Testament Dieu existe. Il est odieux avec sa femme et sa fille. Miss Hokusai En , Hokusai est un peintre reconnu de tout le Japon. Genre Animation De Keiichi Hara. Invisible Boy Michele habite dans une ville tranquille au bord de la mer. Falcon Rising John Chapman est un ancien soldat souffrant de syndromes post-traumatiques. Mais pour y parvenir, ils devront traverser le pays tout entier.

Elle doit trouver la force et le courage pour se reconstruire et refaire sa vie Mais la malchance le poursuit. Genre Biopic De F. La Belle Saison Queen of Earth Catherine traverse une mauvaise passe. La Peur Gabriel, jeune conscrit, rejoint le front en Mais Marguerite chante tragiquement faux et personne ne le lui a jamais dit. Dheepan Fuyant la guerre civile au Sri Lanka, un ancien soldat, une jeune femme et une petite fille se font passer pour une famille.

La Vie en Grand Adama est un adolescent de 14 ans. Avec Mamadou, plus jeune que lui, ils vont inverser le cours de leurs vies. Il perd son emploi. Les Rois du Monde Casteljaloux, village du sud-ouest de la France. Genre Documentaire De Ulrich Seidl. Un jour, Marek descend au village chercher des provisions mais ne revient jamais et la guerre finit par prendre fin.

Ni le ciel ni la Terre Afghanistan Mais Mona a un secret, qui la rend insaisissable. Genre Action De Stephen S. Genre Action De Brian A. Dragon Blade Des soldats romains se retrouvent perdus dans la Chine ancienne. Criminal Activites Quatre amis investissent ensemble de grosses sommes.

Genre Fantastique De M. Nous sommes en Genre Animation De Simon Rouby. Fatima Fatima vit seule avec ses deux filles: Un jour, elle chute dans un escalier. Genre Documentaire De Hubert Sauper. Il Giovane Favoloso Italie. Giacomo Leopardi est un enfant prodige. Un appartement comme lieu de refuge.

Il se demande quel chemin prendre. Ses rencontres avec M. Mais il se fait du souci pour son petit-fils, Dennis: Dans quel sinistre but? After his return he became a judge in Aries, and tutor to the Dauphin and to the sons of Count Saint-Pol. Little is known of his last years, except that he was past seventy when he died. The form of the stories resembles Boccaccio's. A group of young noblemen, just returned from the hunt are gathered round the fireplace, and as they feast they regale each other with coarse, humorous stories.

The stories are told broadly, are rooted in a rude, rough eroticism, and are scarcely fit for female ears. Fifteen of them are borrowed from Poggio, and Boccaccio too contributes some material; furthermore, the author took much from the fabliaux of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Lusty cavaliers, faithless and frivolous wives, jealous husbands, cunning monks and lascivious nuns pass before our eyes in colorful alternation. All their thoughts are con- cerned with the satisfaction of sexual desire. Yet even the most delicate matters are represented with smooth grace, which seems to be instinctive in the French people.

La Sale is also the author of another very well known work which appeared anonymously, Les quinze joyes de manage. The edition of this work issued with many lacunae, by Jehan Treperel in Paris between and , contains a foreword which gives the name of the author in a charade. This riddle was not deciphered until when Dr. Andre Pother, municipal librarian of Rouen, wrote the solution to a certain bookseller Techener. This work is not merely a collection of obscenities but a striking and mordant satire on marriage, and though done in an admirable style, is quite pessi- mistic and misogynous.

These stories of adventures and love appealed to him so much that he requisitioned d'Herberay des Essarts to translate them into French.

The task was completed in 1 and despite its long winded title aroused the intensest interest and gave rise to numerous imita- tions which were failures. In all of them the erotic element was dominant. It is in the heroic romances of gallantry, in fictions like Amadis and in the pastorals, that songs of praise are sung to sexual love, which constituted the chief desideratum of life. It is almost a tradition that all heroes of the Amadis romances must have been the fruit of premarital unions; and the knights who extol the notions of free sexual relations always find ladies of like mind.

In the heroic romances of gallantry there is not quite such a degree of freedom; indeed it was the part of courtiy perfection to apply a curb to erotic passion and to paraphrase matters almost sanctimoni- ously instead of employing the blunt word. But this does not imply that a nobler conception of love had come to be entertained. Madame Scudery is a prototype of the poets who composed these romances.

Although she lost much of her popularity after Boileau's biting satire, the public continued to favor these romances; and in Germany they were even more popular than in France. However, this fare of false sentimentality which our modem appetites can no longer enjoy, did not hold the sole place in the esteem of that period. Other genres, more substantial, were also favored; and the grotesque, the piquant, the ribald found as many lovers as the Amadis romances, or even more. The chief rep- resentatives of each variety will now be mentioned.

The first place is without a doubt occupied by Master Frangois Rabelais with his Gargantua and Pantagruel, which is more than a grotesque-humorous fiction. There is unrolled be- fore our eyes a satirical picture of the times, which has never found its equal. There is no need for us to give a more detailed analysis of the work since this will be found in any history of literature. This world famous satire owes its origin to the suggestion of his publishers, who requested Rabelais to write a popular work to indemnify them for the poor sale of that author's medical works.

So Rabelais composed his Pantagruel roy des Dipsodes, restitue a son naturel avec ses faicetz et ses promesses esponentables; composez par feu M. Alcofribas abstracteur de quintessence to which he soon added the revised satire La vie ires horrifique de Gargantua, pere Pantagruel fadis compose e par M. Alcofribas, abstracteur de quin- tessence. In the first book Rabelais lets the giant Pantagruel journey through all provinces of folly. Everywhere he punishes fools and protects the righteous.

Rabelais lashes the crimes of the church and the monks and their lascivious life with unsurpassed, vigorous humor. In line with the comic content, the narrative is adorned with speeches and words in foreign languages, and with linguistic frills of all sorts which despite their nonsense, give a most just characterization of the persons represented.

Naturally this book was a thorn in the side of those whom it attacked, and it would have fared ill with the author had not the royal hand protected him. Francis i in particular took great delight in the unrestrained merriment of the delightful work. However, Rabelais never aimed at lewdness in these books. Even as prudish a historian of literature as E.

Engel admits that while certain chap- ters in Gargantua are so immeasurably indecent that it is impossible to give even a list of its headings, it must nevertheless be admitted that Rabelais is never lewd, no matter how far he strays beyond the bounds of what is permissible to the writer or artist, or how much he indulges in offensive and monstrous nastiness.

He never aims to excite the reader sensually, though he always and quite without scruple, uses the shocking word to designate the shocking deed. In other words, although he revels in the vocabulary of coarseness so that many chapters are complete lexica of porno- graphy, which have no equal even in the wide realms of French literature, he never smirks, and only uses such words to portray faithfully coarse men and raw situations.

In the rhymed foreword to Gargantua, Rabelais expresses himself unequivocally about the purpose of his work: Mieulx est de ris que de larmes escrire pource que rire est le propre de Vhomme. His work is a splendid antidote to the literature of libidinousness and pruri- ency — like a mudbath. His piercing scorn is also directed against the female sex, particularly against the immorality of his feminine contemporaries.

How insatiable the women of his time were may be gathered from the following anecdote from Rabelais: One fine morning Panurge met a fellow who was carrying two baby girls of about two or three years of age in a double knapsack, slung across his shoulders — one in front and the other on his back. Panurge who had but little respect for the female species asked the man immedi- ately whether the children were virgins. To which the man replied that he had been carrying them about for two years; that the one in front whom he carried on his chest — he supposed that she was still a virgin; but as for the one whom he carried on his back, he could not undertake to speak with certainty.

Quite in the spirit of Rabelais, but not at all a part of literature, are the Erreurs popolaires et propos vulgaires touchant la? The very headings betray the roguish wantonness of the author: Guillaume Bouchet, who Hved between 15 13 and and was a bookseller at Poitiers, has also long been famed as an imitator of Rabelais. He wrote the Series, fifty gallant "jokes" which have the effect of well-told anecdotes in their pregnant setting. One reads here of the lady who has to sit on the pot de chambre and gets pinched in her private parts by a crayfish; of the dreamer who dreams of gold but who receives turds; of the cuckolded husband who must get into the privy at once but who cannot open the door because his wife and her lover are having a very important conference there.

Whereas the stories of the Heptameron and the Nouvelles Recreations still contain much that is superfluous, the tendency toward the pure form of the anecdote appears ever more clearly in the last decades of the 1 6th century, to assume final form in the work of Bouchet and Beroalde de Verville. In these anec- dotes of the Series, and of the Moyen de parvenir soon to be dis- cussed, with their condensation and pointedness, the material of the old French fabliaux assumed the form of the modern French conte.

A few illustrations will prove this. The midwife supports her and desires to put her upon the bed. His wife who had not been listening very atten- tively remarked, quite naively: I always know whether it is inside or not. Thereupon she said to him, "Yes, dear, I took great care not to let myself go in spite of the fact that I desired you, because I had already been deceived too many times in such matters.

Gay gives a full report about his life and works. Bonaventure des Periers was at once philosopher and author. He was bom at the end of the fifteenth century and stood in relationship to Clement Marot and Rabelais. By Catholics he was suspected of Protestantism, and by the latter of licentiousness. In he published Cymbalum mundi, a collection of philosophical dialogues.

Immediately, the whole edition, with the exception of two copies, was placed under embargo and destroyed. Of these two, one is in the Bibhotheque Nationale, the other in the municipal library of Versailles. The protection of Margaret of Valois saved him from persecution and the following year another edition was issued by a different publisher, Bonn of Lyons. For a short while he belonged to the intimate circle gathered around Margaret which was devoted to the cultivation of bel-esprit. In he committed suicide in a fit of insanity.

After his death his works were issued by his friends, and among them were Les Nouvelles. The following are some of the erotic stories of des Periers that may be considered characteristic of his time: In much the same way Nicolas of Troyes, the saddle master, wrote down the humorous stories that came to his ears. He lived about 1 at the time of Francis i and composed his stories just before the Heptameron. His stories depend on Boccaccio, La Sale, Cent nov- elles nouvelles, Gesta Romanorum, old sermons and books of leg- ends, the dialogues of the holy Gregory, Jacob de Vitry and others.

In order to characterize the stories a bit, we will summarize the con- tents of some of them: But the man's own wife who has been one of the company, subsequently deceives him again. Once the husband leaves for a short trip to Paris and when he returns his wife asks what he has done with the Httle ploughman that he used to have be- fore. Her mistress lies in wait for him one day, gives him his dough and gets in return what was coming to the maid.

Whereupon his wife consents to have him transfer his pregnancy to the maid whom he promptly impreg- nates. A hermit presents him with a ring that adds half a foot to the stature of his member. A certain bishop finds the said ring and encounters many strange adventures. These tales are valuable to us for the historical materials they contain. Aside from this, however, the circumstantial narratives of the upright artisan are neither of literary nor cultural value. Infinitely more alive is the master of the droll tale, Francois Beroalde de Verville i , whom we now consider.

He was the author of a series of novels including La Pucelle d'Orleans but none of these would have res- cued his name from oblivion had he not hit upon the happy notion of collecting piquant anecdotes. The volume titled Moyen de Par- venir appeared about with no author's or publisher's name and no place of publication. Subsequent editions bore other quaint titles, as Le Coupgu de la Melancholie and Venus en belle hu7neur, etc. We have here a collection of extremely free tales related round the festive board.

The modern reader needs much patience to read Beroalde who makes many demands upon that particular virtue because he is very prolix and repetitious. The boon companions spin their yarns to great lengths indeed. Most of the anecdotes have to do with the genital and anal regions; and it would appear as though this strong, and not at all prudish nation, took particular joy in swimming in cesspools. Beroalde finds special pleasure in put- ting the juiciest jests and anecdotes into the mouths of famous writ- ers like Sappho, Rabelais, Calvin and many other scholars whom he vulgarizes before us.

His influence was very considerable and for a long time his work was attributed to Rabelais. Even today we find some of his witty tales included in contemporary works. A few examples will illustrate how coarse these anecdotes are. Several characters are conversing: I will tell you all about it. Gaffer Genebrard had married a young, pretty, and dainty wife, and in due course they went to bed.

He kissed her and fondled her to his heart's content he was soon content and then tapped her gently, saying: I never hear anything but roach in this house! Roach is a good name, considering the care that na- ture hath to ward off eficj'oachmejits, otherwise women would be perpetually hoarse. But it is a wondrous thing how this mys- tery of nature can come together again after it has been parted. It came about when Jupiter severed the androgyne.

He bade Mercury sew up the bellies of the two halves; and thus the belly is tender to the touch to this day. The lace he used to sew up the man was too long, so the end hung down in front; and when he came to the woman he took too short a lace, and there was not enough to finish her; hence for want of a stitch a gash remained open. Do you understand that?

Then lay it up in the cedar chest by the hearth. Know you, learned sirs, what are the seven wonders of the world? You say not a word. It is evi- dent that I can teach you some rare doctrines, so make ready to listen. Don't you know that though the hen and the cow live in the same field neither eats buttered eggs! I will tell you greater secrets which contain the marrow of all the sciences. The seven miracles are as follows: A black hen, which lays a white egg. Claret, which goes in red and comes out white.

The spigot that has no ears, and yet hears well enough when there is talk of grappling. The vessel which has its mouth at the bottom, and yet lets nothing out. The bow which bends of itself without a winch. The rose which sucks the marrow of men's bones, and yet does not break them. The anus which opens and shuts like a purse, without any strings. What do you say to that?

Here is another example from Beroalde, as witty and as coarse as the preceding excerpt and no less characteristic of the age: When he was in bed they put a chamber-pot on the stool beside him, and on the same stool was a round and hol- low rat-trap; not one of the traps with a door, but with a spring BOOK II: This trap was at least half a foot in diameter, it was ready set, and the spring was stiff and strong.

In the night Brother Jean woke up to mictu- rate, and took hold of the trap by the rim, thinking it had been the pot. He then presented John Chouart to the instrument, and as it stretched down as far as the catch, the spring went off, and grabbed hold of the Greyfriar. He bawled out loudly e- nough to awake the Seven Sleepers, and they brought a candle, and set him free.

It was in summertime, and the house being full, he who was a familiar friend slept in the lower room, where the good wife and her maid lay in another bed. The rascal got up to take the air, and the night being dark, he called out to the maid: Go away, I will have nothing to do with you. In marked contrast to Beroalde's naturalness and primitiveness is the courtliness that emanates from every line of the Heptameron, despite its attention to sexual matters.

Marguerite de Valois, born on April ii, and dying on 21st of December , stood at the center of the literary circle gathered at the court of her brother, Francis i. Rabelais thought a great deal of her and dedicated the third book of his Pantagruel to her. Clement Marot who poetized about her was regarded as her lover. The fruit of this social intercourse was the Heptameron des nouvelles which was written in conscious debt to Boccaccio.

A company of ladies and gentlemen who are journeying to the Pyrenees to take the baths, take refuge in a monastery in order to escape a storm and flood. To beguile the tedium of the enforced delay, everyone of the group tells a love story. Besides certain very tolerant opinions springing from the spirit of a sophisticated humanitarianism, there are some extremely forceful attacks on the evils of the time, espe- cially on the abuses of the church, and the immorality, pride and superstition of the monks.

French literature owes its first fluent and merry book of entertainment, free from excessive erudition and bombastic euphuism, to Marguerite. In her introduction the authoress relates how the Dauphin, and Madame Marguerite that is, herself had resolved jointly and with the further assistance of other ladies, to write a collection of stories like Boccaccio's, whose work but recently translated by a secretary of the king, had met with great success.

Lotheisen believes that the stories were not meant for publication but were intended only for a small circle of friends. In the first edition was issued by Pierre Boaistuau under the title: Histoire des amans fortunes but it did not bear Marguerite's name. However, since he had mutilated the text Marguerite's daughter, Johanna of Navarre, caused to be issued in a more conscientious but castrated text, under the title by which it has come to be known: Later editions contain the unmutilated text.

The authoress set as her task the narration of real occurrences and historical incidents, in the form of the very short stories that her age loved. Generally they are of a prurient nature but told with a seemingly naive candor. However erotic they may be, they are told quite undisguisedly but they do not aim to excite the read- er through lascivious descriptions.

Marguerite was thor- oughly aware of the daring nature of her material but it was part of the age and she was certainly no prude among her contempo- raries. And sometimes, when an extremely erotic tale is told, Mar- guerite was shrewd enough, aping the hypocrisy of her time, to make it yield a pious moral. Beroalde de Verville, des Periers and Margaret of Valois are then a few of the most significant representatives of French writers of funny tales. Their work is by no means diminished in import- ance because they borrowed most of their material from popular sources. Karl Amrain Anthropophytheia x, gives a very illu- minating explanation of the wandering of such stories.

He holds that the female domestics who are notorious for their love of tattle put into circulation all the intimate details, love talk, panurgics, obscenity, and chit-chat of their sensual and loose mistresses, the high born ladies whom they prepared for love. The tales then ran the gamut of the lower classes and the best were embellished and mag- nified. Finally the poets and collectors of facetiae gave them pi- quant form and thus they reached the upper classes.

• Urteile des Europäischen Gerichtshofes gegen nationale und internationale Arbeitnehmerrechte: Soziale Politik & Demokratie (German Edition).
• Ritual of Ascendance.
• Deutsches Sprache, schweres Sprache: Über die Probleme von Kindern und Jugendlichen im deutschen Bildungssystem - mit einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung (German Edition).

This explains the frequent recurrence of similar stories in collections far re- moved in space and time. There is no question of plagiarism at all. Even today there are extant among people jokes and anecdotes which first appeared hundreds of years ago. When we discussed the Heptmneron we mentioned the name of Clement Marot. Born in , he early became a page at the court of Marguerite where his charm and wit brought him much success with women. As valet to the king, he stood in close relation- ship to Diana of Poitiers.

He accompanied Francis i on the latter's expedition into Italy, was wounded near Pavia and captured, but was soon released, and in was back in France. He then went to Geneva where he became a member of the reformed church, but owing to his amorous exploits was banished from the city. He went back to Italy where he re- turned to Catholicism, dying at Turin in September 1 in com- parative poverty. Of his many writings only the Epigrams are readable today.

No matter how brilliant his other poems are they are vitiated by the defects of the style of the time, the obsolete emotion and pon- derous pomp. For erotica however Marot found the clear classic form of the epigram whose master he was. He was able to enclose a whole Italian story in eight lines of verse; and so great was his skill that this morsel contained all the spice of the original.

The age he lived in with its intense joy in love gave him the mate- rial for his maddest inspirations and he created pictures which recall the strength of a Goya. Marot's epigrams entertained and corrupted the dazzling court of Francis, and they still sparkle, like little mirrors, with all the license and insouciance of that time. The driving force of Marot's period, the force that colored and ruled over its thought and emotion was the erotic. It has been sug- gested that Charles viii of Burgundy, to whom all Europe is re- sponsible for the spreading of lues according to Bloch undertook his Italian expedition merely because he yearned for Italian women.

He and his men were received with great enthusiasm. For over one hundred and twenty days and nights, the king and his soldiery revelled in a limitlessly giddy life, until the defeat at the river Tarro on July 6, He was just barely able to force his march with a part of his baggage. The Veronese physician Alexander Benedictus who was an eye witness related that among the booty there was found the illustrated diary of the king in which were inscribed the names of all the beauties whose lover he had been, and each one 72 BOOK II: In this way did the royal libertine hope to perpetuate the memory of the pleasures of his insane sensuality in various Italian cities.

But this catalogue has been lost. The loveliest and noblest of the creatures arranged a grandiose spectacle at Chieri on September 6, They wanted to wish the monarch luck upon his arrival and proclaim him the pro- tector of the fair sex.

Kaléidoscope Avril 2017

Among other scenes which they portrayed for his royal delectation was an actual confinement. There is one authentic eye witness who has depicted the un- bridled life of pleasure characteristic of his time with clarity and fidelity, namely Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de Brantome 1 I6I4. His childhood was spent at the court of the queen of Na- varre. Henry 11 bestowed upon him the abbey of Brantome, by which name he has come to be remembered. After journeys through Italy, Spain, England and Scotland he participated in the cam- paigns of his time and finally in a sudden fall of his horse sustained grave injuries which kept him in bed for four whole years.

During this period he devoted himself to study and to the writing of his works. On July 5, 16 14 he retired to his castle which he had built at Richmont, a mile and a half away from the abbey. His most famous work, Gallant Ladies, is entirely subjective throughout. We see and hear the courtiers who have been bom and reared in fastidiousness, and how they trifle away their days. Everything amuses them, for everything has a ridiculous side. Brantome is a brilliant chatterer, nonchalant and amusing, who blurts out the secrets of discreet alcoves with cunning little eyes and corked ears.

We moderns are attracted by the impartiality of his presentation, and with the un- concerned manner in which he treats the most intimate things. But the charge of frivolity cannot be maintained against him. There are many contributions to sexual pathology in his work. His chronicle of scandals contains seven treatises on the follow- ing themes — i: Concerning women who cultivate love and make their husbands cuckolds, 2: What has the most charm in love — the emotion, the face, or speech. Concerning pretty legs and their charms.

Concerning older ladies who are as eager for love as their younger sisters. How fair and honorable ladies love valiant men, and the latter, courageous women. Why one should never speak ill of women, and of the consequences that follow therefrom. Concerning married women, widows and maids, and which of these are the best to love. These seven headings by no means exhaust the contents of the work.

Brantome no sooner begins his theme than every name and expression calls up an anecdote which he promptly sets down. This in turn provides material for interesting parallels, and so he labori- ously returns to the starting point — but he doesn't stay there very long. For very soon another ton mot or piquant story ensnares him which he cannot for all the world pass over.

He gives homage to the beautiful and "honorable" women who grant their love despite marital shackles, whenever and to whomsoever they please, and his sympathy is entirely on the side of the fair sex. A tremendous amount of interesting material is revealed to us in this work which is of great value in the history of culture and manners, because it re- veals to us a clearer and more consistent picture of that period than could be derived from a thousand sermons.

Un message, un commentaire ?

They are merely a Utopia, a beautiful and pious wish, but alas! Every century has its merits and its weaknesses. No age is really better or worse; it is merely differ- ent. The personal viewpoint of the historian is responsible for his drawing one age in gray and another in rosy colors. In sixteenth century France we already find all genres of litera- ture and erotic writers, from the most delicate emotional depictions to the foulest brothel-poetry, from the serious learned writer to the coarsest and most unintelligent buffoon.

And in the France of the seventeenth century, there is no lack of erotic light literature, nor of anti-royalist and anti-clerical pamphlets, nor of free chan- sons, nor of lascivious popularizations and outlines of sex. Thus for instance we might mention the pamphlet which Adrien de Montluc directed against the government, entitled Infortwie des filles de joie siiivie de la Maigre In this brochure the author espouses most energetically the interests of the filles de joies whom there was talk of compelling to settle outside the walls of Paris.

Lupanie, histoire ajnoureuse de ce temps , attributed to Blessebois, is generally regarded as a satire directed against the Montespan, but erroneously, since this short erotic story portrays a middle class milieu. This same Pierre de Blessebois was also the author of another work: In addition, there are extant a number of scandalous stories about Alen9on which the author terms a modern Sodom.

Every one of the crowned heads served as a target for obscene jest and satire, despite the extremely strict censorship. The immoral life of the clergy and the inmates of the convents are criticised in Le libertinage secret de cloitre, and Le moine au parloir The latter work is a collection of more than bold tales and anecdotes, in prose and verse, whose chief headings will give one a notion of the contents: Collections of chansons are very numerous.

I will merely mention the Le nouveau cabinet des Muses gaillardes , reprinted fre- quently in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among the most important works in the popularizations of sex, should be mentioned Tableau de V amour conjugal , by Nicolas Venette, often reprinted, and Le nouveau jardin de V amour In other words, in this erotic history of France no lengthy proof is needed that lascivious literature existed there in the seventeenth century. Indeed, contemporary writers confirm the inclination of their contemporaries to excesses, and to a naturalistic conception of the sexual.

Nevertheless, their testimony must be accepted with great reservation, for the greatest failing of most historians is the tendency to generalize from but a few if true particulars. There is no doubt that erotic manners occupied a predominating place in seventeenth- century France; but it is equally certain that there were to be found unprejudiced and incorruptible men who did not permit them- selves to be swept away by the whirlpool of sensuality but kept their heads cool in order to judge the weaknesses of their time.

A few such will now be mentioned. Chief among these writers is Gideon Tallement des Reaux 1 6 whose Histoiriettes is of the first importance for a knowledge of the manners and morals of the time. While Brantome is lengthy and detailed, the later writer is brief, succinct, and hence pleasant to read. For a long time the manuscript remained unprinted. In when the library of the Castle of Montigny was sold, the Marquis de Chateaugiron purchased it for twenty francs, had the folio pages copied.

Later, when the society of French Bibliophiles was organized, he turned it over to them for publication. Since when the first edition appeared there have been numerous other editions. Another writer of significance is Bussy-Rabutin, the notorious author of the Histoire amoureuse des Gaules. He sprang from a very distinguished family, entered the military service very early and earned great distinction.

During the war of the Fronde he first served Prince Conde but then took the side of the King. Until he was lucky, but afterwards a series of misfortunes descended upon him. The most improbable rumors were circulated about him.

Thus he was reputed, in the company of three cronies, to have celebrated the black mass during passion week; and again, to have exhumed a corpse with which his drunken fellows danced crazy dances. The penalty for these rumored extravaganzas was a year of exile. Bussy had hit upon the idea of writing down the gallant adventures of great ladies, partly for his own pastime and partly for the delecta- tion of his mistress, Madame de Monglas.

Only four or five persons were permitted to read the manuscript but one of these few was a traitor. Madame La Baume divulged the contents, and what was much worse for the author several courtiers were able to persuade Louis XIV that his mistress had not fared so well in this work. The embittered king didn't hesitate to sentence the foolhardy pamphlet- eer, who had had the additional audacity to send him the manu- script, to thirteen months in the Bastille. After his release, Bussy had to retire to his estate, and it was not until that he regained permission to reappear at court.

In he died at the age of sev- enty-five. There is no doubt that Bussy owed his incarceration entirely to the king's personal displeasure for there was nothing novel in the Histoire to justify his punishment. At the same time various other works and collections of courtly gossip had appeared and their authors were not molested: All of them sought to show that under Henry iv and Louis xiii marital infidelity was a pastime, under Louis xrv a rule, and later an obligation.

The cuckolded husband was regarded not as a tragic person but always a comical creature at whose expense one had lots of fun; indeed, not even crowned heads were immune from the fate of wearing horns. The various editions of the Histoire were naturally secretly printed and distributed. Bussy-Rabutin can also be regarded as the author of an extremely obscene comedy La Comtesse d'Olonne which was circulated in many editions.