CODE Magazine - 2003 - May/June
This is called a personal tax allowance. A tax code is a way of dividing this tax-free income over the whole year.
If it was not done this way, you would pay no tax for the first few months and then for the rest of the tax year all your income would be taxed. So a tax code is a sensible idea; it spreads your tax free allowance evenly over the year. But tax codes can, and do, go wrong. For example, most older people have a higher personal tax allowance and they went up by quite a lot this year.
These higher allowances apply from 6 April before your birthday. But the Revenue does not give it you automatically from the start of the tax year.
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Instead it waits until you reach 65, then it writes to you to confirm your age and income, then it adjusts your tax code. The result is you pay too much tax in the months before your birthday and too little in the months after. If the Revenue gets its sums right, you should end up paying the correct amount of tax over the whole year. The reason for this strange procedure is that the higher allowances are not given to everyone from age The Revenue argues that if it gave the higher allowance automatically just on your age, some people would be paying too little tax.
So it writes and waits for an answer. If you want to pay the correct amount of tax from the start of the tax year you have to contact the Revenue to ask for your code to be adjusted. It is not just people aged 65 or more who can be given the wrong code. It may also be wrong if you have a source of income that is paid gross without tax being deducted or if you have paid too much or too little tax in the past and it is being adjusted by changing your code.
And of course it can be wrong if you have a 65 th or 75 th birthday during the tax year,. Check your code So when you get your tax code, check it carefully. Make sure you understand what each number represents and that the arithmetic is correct. Remember, the lower your tax code the more tax you pay.
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The tax code consists of a number and a letter. The number is the amount of money you can have tax-free in the year with the last digit removed. In other words you have untaxed income which is more than your tax-free allowance and the extra tax is collected by taxing your pay or a pension from your job at more than the basic rate of tax.
If you have more than one company pension, or a pension and a job, then the code will be applied to the higher income. Your lower source of income will be taxed in full, without any tax-free allowances. Six highly accomplished educators tell why they became engineers. A new online collection of hands-on engineering lessons and activities is up and running. Between , applications from abroad to U. The engineering department at the University of Texas-San Antonio has done an impressive job of attracting minorities to its program.
Retention is a big issue in engineering education, and more schools are developing programs to keep students from dropping out. Hands-on learning has taken Japanese engineering education by storm, gaining a cachet somewhere between motherhood and sushi. Despite its liberal arts focus, Alverno College may be able to tell engineering schools a bit about assessment. Everyone needs to know about engineering, and more and more schools are teaching the basics to nonengineers.
Vanderbilt professor Peter Cummings is developing one of the most accurate models of water ever created. Aerospace and defense companies are working to get more youngsters into the engineering pipeline. Bucking the trend in higher education, engineering departments have yet to employ nontenured "contingent" faculty in significant numbers. Grose The Water Guy: Then he had to persuade the bureaucracy to get the word out. Thanks to hurricanes like Charley and Francis, engineering students in Florida get real-world research experience with hurricanes—and are making houses safer in the process.
Nanotechnology has the potential to greatly improve our lives, and schools are scrambling to figure out how to teach it. The digital divide in Europe is pretty wide, and the former Eastern bloc countries are information technology "have-nots. University of Colorado professor Jackie Sullivan has forged a remarkably successful career, from climbing the corporate ladder at EDS to turning youngsters on to engineering.
Tax codes and tax back
Professors say that college students are cheating now more than ever. And engineering students are no exception. By Jeffrey Selingo Remade in Japan: Japan is working to improve the quality of engineering education, which has slipped in recent years so that grads are no longer guaranteed jobs. By Lucille Craft Revolutionary Approach: To build the unmanned X fighter, Boeing and Northrup Grumman are experimenting with a new design process: Creativity is such an integral part of being an engineer, but how on Earth do you teach it? How Cornell University's engineers, mathematicians, and librarians are bringing the Reuleaux models to the world.
After leaving his boot print on the moon, Neil Armstrong returned to what got him there and back - engineering.
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Engineering was good training for photographer O. Winston Link, particularly when it came to shooting fast-moving steam engines in the dark of the night. Until recently, high schools that catered to students gifted in math and science were few and far between, but now they're popping up all over the place. The Voice of Engineering: Bill Hammack uses the airwaves to emphasize engineering in everyday life.
The Power of One: A single cyber-thief can steal millions worldwide with a few clicks of a keyboard, but engineering schools are coming up with ways to fight back. The pharmaceutical industry needed someone who could manage the expensive task of developing drugs.
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Enter the pharmaceutical engineer. The street signs outside young Yvonne Freeman's window were prophetic in foreseeing her future as an extraordinary mentor for youngsters in science, math - and engineering. Teachers are discovering that toys like Slinkys and yo-yo's may be better than books when it comes to teaching kids about engineering.
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Today's engineering students must be able to communicate well, work in teams, and take societal concerns into account. The question for educators is how to teach these skills. Bioengineers are developing micro-electronic devices that could lead to amazing medical breakthroughs, including rudimentary sight recognition for the blind and, for the paralyzed, the ability to reach and grab. Few and Far Between: Females students are hard to find in engineering technology program but schools are working to address the problem.
Soaring in Salt Lake City: Breathtaking natural beauty, world-class restaurants, shops, museums, and family history. Salt Lake City has it all. Salt Lake City Dining Guide. Globalization has hit the engineering workforce hard in the United States, but the nation's strongest assets - innovation and creativity - should help keep its competitive edge.
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Painting Everyone Into The Picture: Princeton's new engineering dean Maria Klawe wants to broaden engineering so that all the school's undergraduates learn about the impact of technology on society. Joel Spira and his wife, Ruth, have always believed in the importance of engineering education. They have been giving out awards for teaching excellence for 20 years and are still going strong today.
Globalization is helping to strengthen economies abroad by creating high-tech jobs at wages too low for American workers - and U. The De-Ice Man Cometh: A Canadian professor of mechanical engineering has given aircraft designers a powerful tool to help minimize the dangerous effects of ice forming on wings during flight.
A professor at Rice University has developed an electronic textbook of sorts that could become the model for engineering education. Cleaning up toxic waste is a huge job in the United States. Engineering researchers are putting microbes to work consuming toxic contaminants. Taking A Crack at Predicting Quakes: Researchers are studying ways to process the mountains of real-time data on earthquakes - all in an effort to improve their dismal record of forecasting them.
The number of chemical engineering grads continues to decline, but that may be partly because students are being wooed away to bioengineering departments. An engineer has made a career out of creating hot-selling toys such as Fur-Real, a lifelike cat that can hiss and flex its back when provoked. The debate about academic researchers getting too cozy with industry rages on.
It's a relationship that can work, however, if certain rules are followed. The Corps at a Crossroad: While the Army Corps of Engineers has been charged with helping to rebuild Iraq, the venerable agency finds itself in trouble at home.
It has turned to engineering educators for help. A Model For Success: Stanford's Tom Byers has plenty of experience as an entrepreneur and now he's teaching engineering students how to navigate the complex world of business. Engineering researchers helped the U.
The person who supervised the massive and complex cleanup at the World Trade Center following the terrorist attacks was - what else? Hydrogen-powered cars may be one answer to the nation's pollution problems, but the technology is still more than a decade down the road. Educators Struggle to prepare well-rounded engineers for today's workplace. Engineers, Start Your Engines: Attracting more women to engineering is just as problematic for Canada as it is for this country, but our northern neighbors have managed to boost their numbers by designing new programs in areas like microelectronics.
All The President's Friends: You might think that running a top-ranked undergraduate engineering program would be Rose-Hulman President Sam Hulbert's greatest achievement, but his real genius may be his warmth. Incredibly, he's on a first-name basis with most of the school's 1, students.
Hitting A High Note in Nashville: You don't have to love the twang of steel guitars to enjoy this sophisticated southern city that has plenty to offer in the way of history, culture, and just plain fun. But if country music is your thing, you're going to be in heaven. Only a handful of schools offer undergraduate engineering degrees online, and there's some very good reasons why more haven't taken the plunge. One of the goals of ABET is to make engineering education more relevant to society. A byproduct of the new criteria may be that it's making the profession more appealing to women.
Blazing an Entrepreneurial Trail: Engineering students who graduate from Michigan Tech's Enterprise Program have a choice. They can work for someone else or they can start their own companies. Former Pentagon official Delores Etter may well be the most sought after engineer in the power corridor of the nation's capital. A fascinating new book tells the story of Alfred Lee Loomis, a visionary who set up a world-class private lab that laid the groundwork for detection technologies that changed the course of World War II. The Sky's the Limit: The new Joint Strike Fighter is one of the most sophisticated war machines ever conceived and may also change the way engineering is taught.
European educators haven't been as entrepreneurial as their American counterparts, but now they are jumping on the research park bandwagon in a big way. An Unsettling State of Affairs: New security regulations initiated in the aftermath of Sept 11 are creating havoc for engineering researchers across the country.
Engineering has hit rock bottom in this war-ravaged nation, leaving educators anguishing over how to train desperately needed engineers when the nation's schools are on life support. The Pentagon's controversial Information Awareness Office breaks its silence about plans to use technology to stop tomorrow's terrorists.