Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress

In February , U. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea were a major topic, but its joint statement, the "Sunnylands Declaration", did not name the South China Sea, instead calling for "respect of each nation's sovereignty and for international law".

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Analysts believe it indicates divisions within the group on how to respond to China's maritime strategy. The vast majority of international legal experts have concluded that China's claims based on historical claims are invalid. He pointed out that the Spratly Islands were not part of the Philippines when the US acquired the Philippines from Spain in the Treaty of Paris in and that Japanese-ruled Taiwan itself had annexed the Spratly Islands in in a move that was never challenged by the US-ruled Philippines , which never asserted that it was their territory. He also pointed out that other countries did not need to do full land reclamation since they already controlled islands and that the reason China engaged in extensive land reclamation is because they needed it to build airfields since China only has control over reefs.

Japan has no claims in the South China Sea, but argues against its militarization. On 13 September a Maritime Self-Defense Force submarine took part in an antisubmarine drill in the South China Sea for the first time in its history. The submarine Kuroshio, the helicopter carrier Kaga and two other destroyers, the Inazuma and Suzutsuki, took part in warfare exercise.

The exercise was conducted away from the island bases China has been building to push its claims in the strategic sea. However, it could still anger Beijing because submarines represent a greater potential menace to shipping than surface vessels.

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The sweeping maritime claims of gas and oil rich territory maintained and disputed by Australia against the tiny country of East Timor and flouting of international law have been compared to the situation in the South China Sea, causing the East Timorese government to deprecate China's claims and stance. Since early in the South China Sea dispute, Indonesia has repeatedly asserted its position as a non-claimant state in the South China Sea dispute, [82] and often positioned itself as an "honest broker".

Although China has acknowledged Indonesia's sovereignty over the Natuna islands, [84] the PRC has argued that the waters around the Natuna islands are Chinese "traditional fishing grounds". Indonesia quickly dismissed China's claim, asserting that China's nine-dash line claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis.

Chinese fishing vessels — often escorted by Chinese coastguard ships — have repeatedly been reported to have breached Indonesian waters near the Natuna islands. On 19 March , for example, Indonesian authorities tried to capture a Chinese trawler accused of illegal fishing in Indonesian waters, and arrested the Chinese crew. They were prevented from towing the boat to harbour by a Chinese coast guard vessel which reportedly "rammed" the trawler in Indonesian waters.

Indonesia still has the Chinese crew in custody. Arif Havas Oegroseno, the government official of maritime security, said that the Chinese claim of "traditional fishing grounds" was not recognised under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This incident prompted security minister Luhut Pandjaitan to deploy more troops and patrol boats, and to strengthen the Ranai naval base in the area. Following the clashes, on 23 June , Indonesian President Joko Widodo visited the Natuna islands on a warship to demonstrate Indonesia's authority.

Security Minister Luhut Panjaitan said it was meant to send a "clear message" that Indonesia was "very serious in its effort to protect its sovereignty". Following the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling on 12 July , Indonesia called on all parties involved in the territorial dispute to exercise self-restraint and to respect applicable international laws.

Indonesia challenged the Chinese nine-dash historical claim by arguing that if the historical claims can be used on presenting the territorial naval claims, Indonesia might also use its historical claims on the South China Sea by referring to the ancient influence of the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires. Singapore has reiterated that it is not a claimant state in the South China Sea dispute and has offered to play a neutral role in being a constructive conduit for dialogue among the claimant states. However, Singapore hopes that China will obey international laws.

Clinton testified in support of congressional approval of the Law of the Sea Convention, which would strengthen U. In , the United States responded to China's claims over the fishing grounds of other nations by saying that "China has not offered any explanation or basis under international law for these extensive maritime claims. In response to this announcement, Beijing issued a strict warning and said that she would not allow any country to violate China's territorial waters in the name of "Freedom of Navigation".

Secretary of Defense Ash Carter warned China to halt its rapid island-building. In response to Rex Tillerson 's comments on blocking access to man-made islands in the South China Sea, the Communist Party -controlled Global Times warned of a "large-scale war" between the U. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Reorganise Sections first Please help improve this article if you can.

May Learn how and when to remove this template message. Timeline of the South China Sea dispute. Retrieved 12 February Retrieved 19 October Marshall, Andrew 25 August Retrieved 11 December Retrieved 12 July The New York Times. Retrieved 29 February Retrieved 30 July Chan Robles Law Library. Retrieved 5 February The Spratly Islands Dispute: Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 15 May Retrieved 20 July What does it Portend?

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South Asia Analysis Group. Archived from the original on India should avoid rushing in where enen US exercises caution".

Archived from the original on 24 September Retrieved 3 January Retrieved 1 September Council on Foreign Relations. For example, China may explicitly refer to the South China Sea as a core interest; in Beijing hinted this was the case but subsequently backed away from the assertion. Retrieved 25 October Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu told reporters today in Beijing that China "adheres to the strategy of peaceful development. Retrieved 29 July Quest for hegemonic stability? National University of Singapore.

Retrieved 4 October Archived from the original on 23 April National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on 19 March Retrieved 15 March Oil, Maritime Claims, and U. Retrieved 2 March Retrieved 14 May Retrieved 16 May Retrieved 11 November Vietnamese fishermen appear to be more desperate to source for seafood and are conducting illegal fishing activities in Malaysian waters through deceit.

It is understood the appetite for fish is growing in the Asian region, coupled with shrinking stocks, and this is driving fishermen further and further from their shores to source for supply. Vietnamese fishermen are forced to look elsewhere for fish due to heavy pollution of its waters by a Taiwanese steel plant operating in Vietnam under a joint venture with the Vietnamese Government seen as a major scandal.

Retrieved 14 November One succumbed to serious injuries later. Chow 11 September Economic and Security Dynamics. Retrieved 30 May Taipei has demanded that Manila issue an apology, punish those responsible, and compensate the victims by May 15 or the Taiwanese government will place a ban on the entry of any new Filipino workers to the country.

The Wall Street Journal. Earlier Phan Huy Hoang, chairman of Quang Ngai Association of Fisheries, said the fishermen told him that Philippine bandits might be involved in the case. For sure, they are foreign attackers, but their nationality is not known. A local fishery association said the murderers were Philippine. Retrieved 26 November China's South China Sea Claims".

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Territorial disputes in the South China Sea - Wikipedia

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