Конституция Российской Федерации (Russian Edition)

While the original constitution stipulated a four-year term and a maximum of two terms in succession, the current constitution decrees a six-year term. The four-year term was in effect while Vladimir Putin served his first and second terms; with the two-term limit he was barred from the presidency in Instead, he served as Prime Minister while Dmitry Medvedev served as president for four years.

Putin was re-elected to his third term in ; with the six-year term, he was elected to his fourth term in Article 81 specifies the method of election, including a secret ballot; Articles 82 - 93 detail powers, responsibilities, and limitations of the presidency. The constitution provides for a 'strong presidency'; not only is the president the "Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" [6] , the president also has the power to dissolve the State Duma [7].

The legislature is represented by the Federal Assembly of Russia, which consists of two chambers: The two chambers possess different powers and responsibilities, while the State Duma is of more significance, as the State Duma carries the main responsibility for passing federal laws. Although bills may originate in either legislative chamber or submitted by the President, the government, local legislatures, the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the High Arbitration Court , they must be first considered by the State Duma and be adopted by a majority vote before it could be turned over to the Federation Council, which has 14 days to take a vote on it.

If rejected, the bill will be returned to the State Duma, which then can only pass it with a two-thirds vote again in the same form. If a bill is adopted by the Federation Council, it must be signed by the President to become law. The President has a final veto, but the State Duma and Federation Council also have the overriding power by passing a two-thirds vote.

While the Russian Federation Constitution enumerates a strong and independent judicial branch, the reality is a question of debate. Additionally, Article provides for open and fair trials, as well as equal application of the law [9]. Three courts are delineated: The Constitution requires 19 judges for the Constitution Court [8] , but does not specify the number of justices for the other courts. As of , the Supreme Court has members [10] ; due to expansion of duties in the number of seats was increased to [11].

In September of , the Institute of Modern Russia reported that the Russian Federation's Supreme Arbitration Court had been dissolved, and judicial matters previously under its authority had been transferred to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court [11]. Despite the ideals written into the constitution, most citizens do not feel that they will receive justice [12] ; additionally, human rights violations occur regularly [13].

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Конституция на английском языке

Alexa Actionable Analytics for the Web. AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. Amazon Inspire Digital Educational Resources. Amazon Rapids Fun stories for kids on the go. The President of the Russian Federation shall be the head of the State. The President of the Russian Federation shall be guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

According to the rules established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he shall adopt measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensure coordinated functioning and interaction of all the bodies of state power. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws the President of the Russian Federation shall determine the guidelines of the internal and foreign policies of the State.

As the head of the State the President of the Russian Federation represent the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations. The amendments shall be applied with respect to the President of the Russian Federation elected after the entry into force of the said Law. Any citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 35 years of age and with a permanent residence record in the Russian Federation of not less than 10 years may be elected President of the Russian Federation.

One and the same person may not be elected President of the Russian Federation for more than two terms running. The rules for electing the President of the Russian Federation shall determined by the federal law. When taking office the President of the Russian Federation shall take the following oath of loyalty to the people:. The oath shall be taken in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of members of the Council of the Federation, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

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The President of the Russian Federation may use conciliatory procedures to solve disputes between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as between bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation. If no agreed decision is reached, he shall have the right to submit the dispute for the consideration of a corresponding court. The President of the Russian Federation shall have the right to suspend acts of the bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation if these acts contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal laws or international commitments of the Russian Federation or violate the rights and freedoms of man and citizen until the issue is solved by a corresponding court.

In the case of aggression against the Russian Federation or of a direct threat of aggression the President of the Russian Federation shall introduce martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or on certain parts thereof and immediately inform the Council of the Federation and the State Duma about this. The martial law regime shall be defined by the federal constitutional law. The President of the Russian Federation, in circumstances and according to the rules envisaged by the federal constitutional law, shall introduce a state of emergency in the territory of the Russian Federation or in certain parts thereof and immediately inform the Council of the Federation and the State Duma about this.

The President of the Russian Federation shall issue decrees and orders. The decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation shall be obligatory for fulfillment in the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation shall not run counter to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. The President of the Russian Federation shall take up his powers from the moment of taking the oath of loyalty and cease to fulfil them with the expiration of the term of office and from the moment a newly-elected president is sworn in.

The President of the Russian Federation shall cease to exercise his powers short of the term in the case of his resignation, consistent inability because of health reasons to exercise the powers vested in him or in case of impeachment. In this case the election of the President of the Russian Federation shall take place not later than three months from the termination of the powers short of the term. On guarantees to the President of the Russian Federation whose powers have ceased and to the members of his family see Federal Law of the Russian Federation No.

New Release конституция российской федерации Russian Edition By российская федерация B00ggntgnm Pdf

In all cases when the President of the Russian Federation is incapable of fulfilling his duties, they shall be temporarily fulfilled by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Acting President of the Russian Federation shall have no right to dissolve the State Duma, call a referendum, or to submit proposals on amendments to, and review of, the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The President of the Russian Federation may be impeached by the Council of the Federation only on the basis of charges of high treason or another grave crime, advanced by the State Duma and confirmed by the conclusion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the presence of the elements of a crime in the actions of the President of the Russian Federation and by the conclusion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation confirming that the rules for advancing the charges were observed.

The decision of the State Duma on advancing charges and the decision of the Council of the Federation on impeaching the President shall be adopted by two thirds of the votes of the total number of members of each chamber and on the initiative of not less than one third of the deputies of the State Duma and with the conclusion of a special commission set up by the State Duma. The decision of the Council of the Federation on impeaching the President of the Russian Federation shall be adopted not later than three months after the State Duma advanced the charges against the President.

If a decision of the Council of the Federation is not adopted during this time, the charges against the President shall be regarded as rejected. The Federal Assembly - the parliament of the Russian Federation - shall be the representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation. The Federation Assembly is comprised of: A Federation Council member - a representative from the legislative representative or executive body of state authority of the subject of the Russian Federation shall be vested with powers for the term of office of a corresponding body of state authority of the subject of the Russian Federation.

President of the Russian Federation may not dismiss any Federal Assembly member - a representative of the Russian Federation appointed before the former took the office during his first term of office, except for cases stipulated by a federal law. The amendments shall be applied with respect to the State Duma elected after the entry into force of the said Law. The rules for forming the Council of the Federation and the rules for electing deputies to the State Duma shall be introduced by federal laws.

A citizen of the Russian Federation over 21 years of age and with the right to participate in elections may be elected a deputy of the State Duma. One and the same person may not be simultaneously a member of the Council of the Federation and a deputy of the State Duma. A deputy of the State Duma may not be a deputy of other representative bodies of state authority and local self-government.

Deputies of the State Duma shall work on a permanent professional basis. Deputies of the State Duma may not be employed in state service, engage in other paid activities, except for teaching, scientific and other creative work. Members of the Council of the Federation and deputies of the State Duma shall possess immunity during the whole term of their mandate. They may not be detained, arrested, searched, except for cases of detention at the scene of a crime. They may not be personally inspected, except for the cases envisaged by federal law in order to ensure the safety of other people.

The issue of deprivation of immunity shall be considered upon the proposal of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation to the corresponding chamber of the Federal Assembly. The State Duma shall be convened at its first sitting on the thirtieth day after the elections. The President of the Russian Federation may convene a sitting of the State Duma earlier than the mentioned time. The first sitting of the State Duma shall be opened by the oldest deputy. From the time the State Duma of a new convocation begins to work the mandate of the State Duma of the previous convocation shall expire.

The Council of the Federation and the State Duma shall hold separate sittings. Sittings of the Council of the Federation and of the State Duma shall be open. In cases envisaged by procedural rules the chambers shall have the right to hold closed-door sittings. The chambers may hold joint sittings for the consideration of messages of the President of the Russian Federation, messages of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, and speeches of the leaders of foreign states.

The Council of the Federation shall elect from among its deputies the Chairman of the Council of the Federation and his deputies. The Chairman of the Council of the Federation and his deputes, the Chairman of the State Duma and his deputies chair sittings and shall be in charge of the internal routine work of the respective chamber. The Council of the Federation and the State Duma shall set up committees and commissions, hold parliamentary hearings on issues in their authority. Each of the chambers shall adopt its procedural rules and resolve issues of procedure for its work.

For controlling the implementation of the federal budget the Council of the Federation and the State Duma shall create an Accounts Chamber, the composition and the rules of work of which are fixed by federal law. The Council of the Federation shall adopt resolutions on the issues referred to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

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Resolutions of the Council of the Federation shall be adopted by a majority of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation, if other rules for adopting decisions are not envisaged by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The amendments shall enter into force from the day of the official publication of the said Law.

The State Duma shall adopt resolutions on the issues referred to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Resolutions of the State Duma shall be adopted by a majority of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma, if other rules for adopting decisions are not stipulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The power to initiate legislation shall belong to the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, and the legislative representative bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Bills on the introduction or cancellation of taxes, on exemption from their payment, on the issue of state loans, on changes in the financial obligations of the State, and other bills envisaging expenses covered from the federal budget may be submitted only upon a conclusion of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Federal laws shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma, unless otherwise envisaged by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The federal laws adopted by the State Duma shall be submitted within five days for consideration by the Council of the Federation. A federal law shall be considered to be approved by the Council of the Federation if over a half of the total number of the members of the chamber have voted for it or if the Council of the Federation does not consider it in fourteen days.

If the Council of the Federation rejects a law, the chambers may create a conciliatory commission for overcoming the contradictions that arose, after which the federal law shall be reconsidered by the State Duma. If the State Duma disagrees with the decision of the Council of the Federation, a federal law shall be considered adopted, if during the second vote not less than two thirds of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma supported it. Federal laws adopted by the State Duma on the following issues shall be the liable to obligatory consideration by the Council of the Federation:.

The adopted federal law shall be submitted within five days to the President of the Russian Federation for signing and making it public. The President of the Russian Federation shall sign the federal law and make it public within fourteen days. If within fourteen days from the moment of receiving the federal law the President rejects it, the State Duma and the Council of the Federation shall reconsider the present law according to the rules established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

If during the second vote the law is approved in the earlier adopted wording by not less than two thirds of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation and of the deputies of the State Duma, it shall be signed by the President within seven days and made public. Federal constitutional laws shall be adopted on the issues envisaged by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. A federal constitutional law shall be considered to be adopted if it is approved by not less than three fourths of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation and not less than two thirds of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma.

The adopted federal constitutional law shall be signed by the President of the Russian Federation within fourteen days and made public. The State Duma may be dissolved by the President of the Russian Federation in the cases envisaged in Articles and of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. If the State Duma is dissolved, the President of the Russian Federation shall appoint the date of election so that a newly-elected State Duma can meet not later than four months since the moment of dissolution.

The State Duma may not be dissolved on the grounds envisaged in Article of the Constitution of the Russian Federation within a year after it was elected. The State Duma may not be dissolved from the moment it advances charges against the President of the Russian Federation until the Council of the Federation adopts a decision on the issue. The State Duma may not be dissolved while a state of emergency or martial law operate in the whole territory of the Russian Federation, as well as during six months before the term of office of the President expires.

According to Federal Constitutional Law No. Executive power in Russia shall be exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation. The proposal on the candidate to the post of Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall be submitted not later than two weeks after a newly-elected President of the Russian Federation takes office or after the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation or one week after the State Duma rejects a candidate.

Конституция на английском языке

The State Duma shall consider the candidate nominated by the President of the Russian Federation for the post of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation within one week after the submission of the nomination. If the State Duma rejects three times the candidates for the post of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation shall appoint the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, dissolve the State Duma and call new elections.

Not later than a week after appointment the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall submit to the President of the Russian Federation proposals on the structure of the federal bodies of executive power. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall propose to the President of the Russian Federation candidates for the posts of Deputy chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministers. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall determine the guidelines for the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation and organise its work.

The new wording of the Item shall enter into force from the day of the official publication of the said Law. The rules for the activity of the Government of the Russian Federation shall be determined by federal constitutional law. On the basis and for the sake of implementation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, normative decrees of the President of the Russian Federation the Government of the Russian Federation shall issue decisions and orders and ensure their implementation.

The decisions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation shall be obligatory for fulfillment in the Russian Federation. The decisions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, if they are inconsistent with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, may be cancelled by the President of the Russian Federation.

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The Government of the Russian Federation shall resign in the event of a newly-elected President of the Russian Federation. The Government of the Russian Federation may offer to resign and the President of the Russian Federation either shall accept or reject the resignation. The President of the Russian Federation may take a decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation. A no-confidence resolution shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the total number of deputies of the State Duma.

After the State Duma expresses no-confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation shall be free to announce the resignation of the Government or to reject the decision of the State Duma. If the State Duma again expresses no-confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation within three months, the President of the Russian Federation shall announce the resignation of the Government or dissolve the State Duma.

If the State Duma votes no-confidence, the President shall adopt within seven days a decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation or dissolve the State Duma and announce new elections. In the case of a resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation it shall continue to work on the instruction of the President of the Russian Federation until a new Government of the Russian Federation is formed.

Justice in the Russian Federation shall be administered by courts alone. Judicial power shall be exercised by means of constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal proceedings. The judicial system of the Russian Federation shall be instituted by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law. The creation of extraordinary courts shall not be allowed. Concerning administration of justice in the territory where emergency situation is introduced, see Federal Constitutional Law No.

Judges are to be citizens of the Russian Federation over 25 years of age with a higher education in law and a law service record of not less than five years. Federal law may introduce additional requirements for judges of the courts of the Russian Federation. Judges shall be independent and submit only to the Constitution and federal law.

If after considering a case the court of law decides that an act of a state or other body contradicts the law it shall pass an appropriate decision according to the law. The powers of a judge may be ceased or suspended only on the grounds and according to the rules fixed by the federal law.

A judge may not face criminal responsibility other than according to the rules fixed by the federal law. Examination of cases in all courts shall be open. Examinations in camera shall be allowed only in the cases envisaged by the federal law. Trial in absentia in criminal courts shall not be allowed except in cases fixed by the federal law. Judicial proceedings shall be held on the basis of confrontation and equality of the parties. In cases fixed by the federal law justice shall be administered by a jury court. The courts shall be financed only from the federal budget and the possibility of the complete and independent administration of justice shall be ensured in keeping with the requirements of federal law.

See also Federal Constitutional Law No. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation consists of 19 judges. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation upon requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, the State Duma, one fifth of the members of the Federation Council or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the bodies of legislative and executive power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall adjudicate on the correspondence to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of:.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation shall resolve disputes on jurisdiction:. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, upon complaints about violations of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens and upon court requests shall check, according to the rules fixed by federal law, the constitutionality of a law applied or subject to be applied in a concrete case.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, upon the requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the bodies of the legislative power of the subjects of the Russian Federation, shall give its interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Acts or their provisions recognised as unconstitutional shall become invalid; international treaties and agreements not corresponding to the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall not be liable to enforcement and application.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, upon the request of the Council of the Federation, shall provide a conclusion on the observance of the fixed procedure for advancing charges of treason or of another grave crime against the President of the Russian Federation. Judges of other federal courts shall be appointed by the President of the Russian Federation according to the procedure established by federal law. The scope of authority, structure and operating procedures of the procurator's office of the Russian Federation shall be defined by federal law.

The procurators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall be appointed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Procurator General of the Russian Federation coordinated with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The procurators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall be dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation. Other procurators, except for the procurators of towns, districts and those equated to them, shall be appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation.

Concerning the general principles of the organization of local selfgovernment in the Russian Federation see Federal Law No.