Appointment with a Manifestation

A high prevalence of oral complaints such as dysphagia, dysgeusia, and glossodynia was also present [ 15 ]. A recent systematic review reported a significant association between periodontitis and SLE [ 13 ]. A more recent study as well showed that treatment of periodontal disease aids in reducing the symptoms of SLE [ 22 ].

On the contrary, Mutlu et al. A recent review reported conflicting results as well [ 24 ].

Al-Mutairi reported no significant difference in periodontal findings between 25 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations among systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Qatar in order to warrant future studies that would investigate each one of these manifestations with detail and further scrutiny. The study took place between November and April All patients visiting the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, were asked to participate.

The inclusion criteria for the study included subjects a meeting the American College of Rheumatology ACR criteria of SLE, b willing to participate in the study, and c able to tolerate study oral and dental examination procedures. The exclusion criteria excluded subjects who a did not meet the ACR criteria of SLE, b were unwilling to participate in the study, and c were unable to tolerate study oral and dental examination procedures. The patients were examined initially by a rheumatologist and were later scheduled for an appointment with the same dentist at the same institution, for an oral and dental examination.

The rheumatologist consented subjects checked that they meet the ACR criteria for SLE and recorded the following information: A clinical oral and calibrated periodontal exam was done by the same dentist.

The dentist was requested to document the following oral manifestations on a data collection sheet that was designed for the study: No biopsy was taken. Only 42 patients appeared for their dental appointments. The findings in those 42 patients are presented and discussed in this publication.

Anonymous data were collected and entered into a standard electronic database designed in view of study design and objectives. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all demographic, clinical, and other characteristics of the participants. Associations between two or more qualitative variables gender, different oral manifestations with dichotomous categories of disease duration, etc.

Quantitative variables age, SLE duration, etc. Pictorial presentations of the key results were made using appropriate statistical graphs.

The sample had a mean age of years and was mainly comprised of females, with a female to male ratio of 9. Table 1 summarizes other demographic and medical data. Four oral manifestations were observed in more than half of the study sample: A summary of other oral manifestations is listed in Table 2. The dental examination revealed that Figure 1 displays the number of cases with gingivitis as well as the type. Furthermore, periodontal disease was observed in The current study investigated the presence of oral manifestations among SLE patients in Qatar.

The mean age of our study sample was years, and the mean disease duration was years. A study conducted in Saudi Arabia on SLE patients reported a mean age of years, and a mean disease duration of years [ 26 ]. The female to male ratio in our study was 9. This is similar to the ratio reported in China 9.

Regional settings

Lower ratios were reported in Spain 8: The results of our study showed varying prevalence rates for the different oral manifestations, ranging from 2. Soft palate ulcers are one of the criteria for diagnosing SLE and are usually found more commonly in patients with active disease. The results of this study also showed a prevalence rate of A study conducted in Saudi Arabia reported that there was no difference in periodontal parameters between 25 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls [ 25 ]. An older case report involving a patient with active SLE reported that the patient suffered from severe and generalized gingival recession and periodontal involvement [ 34 ].

An older study showed that A study conducted in Brazil recently showed a higher rate of missing teeth among 75 SLE patients compared to 78 participants without SLE. Among the challenges that this study faced was the scarcity of SLE patients. In addition, due to the nature of the disease, majorly being dominant by females, a very low number of male patients were recruited for this study, which did not allow for comparisons based on gender.

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Among the disadvantages, due to the small sample size, it would be difficult to generalize any of the results obtained in this study to other SLE patients in Qatar or in the region. Future studies will need to be multicenter studies in order to secure a larger sample size. Brexit WhatsApp group Sign up for all the latest news, exclusives and analysis. In case you missed it. This will destroy democracy as we know it.

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