Reyes & Libertadores - El Legado de los Héroes (Spanish Edition)

Today, global poverty has reached new levels because of unfair debt, trade and tax policies -- in other words, wealthy countries exploiting the weaknesses of poor, developing countries. There are 16 million children in immigrant families in the United States, one of the fastest-growing segments of the population. But a country that has been so good for so long at integrating new Americans is stumbling under the challenge.

They have done basic research in immigration for more than 20 years, five of them studying children from China, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central America and Mexico. Nearly half of the children in their sample had at some point lost contact with one or both parents, either through migration directly or through divorce or death. The absent parent was most often the father for long stretches or permanently. For 49 percent of the Central American children, separations lasted more than five years.

The children from separated families were, perhaps unsurprising, more likely to show signs of depression. Those symptoms were often accompanied by poverty, isolation and — despite an early period of hopefulness and engagement — a downward academic slide. Immigrant children lagged in mastering standard academic English, the passport to college and to brighter futures.

More than three-quarters of the sample scored below the 85th percentile in English proficiency. Millions are growing up in mixed families, with some members here illegally, others not. Bills to help immigrant families with a path to legalization have died repeatedly in Congress, and small-scale reforms like the Dream Act, a path to college or the military for children of illegal immigrants have been stymied for years.

New investments in language education, citizenship preparation and after-school and preschool programs have been derailed by economic crisis, harsh immigration politics and a general lack of attention. This is the great challenge that is forgotten in the heat of the immigration debate. The children of immigrants are Americans. The job of integrating them is not only unfinished but in many critical ways has hardly begun. We started from the rose garden, doing all the major pruning and bringing in chips all throughout.

As he lists the day's chores, his encyclopedic knowledge of local history bubbles to the surface with anecdotes, dates, and facts. Its grounds needed a facelift for the the Founder's Day parade and street fair, the city's yearly demonstration of civic pride. According to the caretaker, preserving the site depends on volunteer labor. Looking over the materials, it is evident why Joe is so grateful.

Wood chips form heaping piles on a truckbed that, after being unloaded once, is refilled with yet second mound of bedding. Shovels, rakes, and shears gleam in the late fall sunshine, while brooms, trashcans, and wheelbarrows are eagerly maneuvered by about twenty day laborers, students, and community members from the Fernando Pedraza Community Coalition, a group that organizes around the issues of the Rancho day laborers.

Suzanne Foster, executive director of the Pomona Economic Opportunity Center and member of the coalition, describes how the project came into being. But we also know that there's a long history at the day labor corner, that the workers have been gathering there. Before they did construction work they were farmworkers, they were braceros.

They've been gathering at that site for over fifty years and that's a historic location as well. Day laborers are a part of the history of Rancho Cucamonga, part of the city, part of this area, and wanted to contribute back to another historic site in the city as well. Juan, who is originally from Mexico, also demonstrates a strong awareness of the past: In those days, he used to tell me about the places where they were hired.

They gave them a space in sub-human conditions. For Federico, an immigrant from the coup-ravaged Central American country of Honduras, today's clean-up is "a big deal. Nonetheless, today's volunteer effort is part of a quiet campaign for recognition—and for their rights. The day laborers at Arrow and Grove are very conscious of their public image, which has not always been positive. The workers have been singled out for protest by anti-immigrant groups such as the Minutemen and the Ku Klux Klan.

The targeting took on a personal and emotional dimension when, in , a month after the klan joined a Minuteman rally, Fernando Pedraza, the labor leader and local hero from who the coalition takes its name, was hit and killed by a driver distracted by a Minuteman protest of the day laborers. Juan reflects for a moment, and then puts the issue into perspective. Because the community knows that normally, the workers come to collaborate and to earn our daily bread with our work and our sweat.

And there are groups, for example, of racists, who are in opposition, but those people are a minority, and what they're dedicated to is hate. It's not a constructive relationship with them. What we want is for them to see that we have an interest in being in this country, and for good, not for ill. Juan contextualizes the comment. That was three years ago and the city made us a promise that they were going to look for an adequate spot for the center and up to this day, we have heard no reply from them.

Really, a center is needed to strengthen the economy, guarantee the safety of the workers and at the same time, that of the people using the street. Today is a perfect example of another way that they're doing that. And that's a big deal. But for the day laborers, the struggle for acceptance in a country they now call home is a continuous one, with community service being just another step down that path. From a corner of a converted garment industry plant, poetry and prose pierced walls long sealed with sweat and struggle as the cool, late fall borderland evening set in. For Lopez, the cafe and other facilities tucked into Mercado Mayapan represent the stirrings of an economic and cultural revival in a city which suffered tens of thousands of manufacturing job losses during the years surrounding the negotiation and implementation of NAFTA and other free trade agreements.

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In between events, community members may even pass the time away with domino games. In a briefing paper to the Obama White House this fall, LMO contended that its project means not only jobs, but also education and empowerment for Latina women workers. Much of the stimulus funding has been directed at construction and other industries primarily dominated by men, the group said.

In justifying the action, LMO charged that start-up monies for its projects pledged by a variety of government agencies were slow in coming. On other fronts, LMO and its 40, square-foot center have fared well in the public spotlight. For the second year in a row, large crowds flocked to Mercado Mayapan to celebrate the annual Days of the Dead festivities in early November.

Each month, a new theme permeates the walls and halls of Mercado Mayapan. In October, for example, photos and treaties informed visitors of the struggle surrounding a cultural staple and symbol of Mexico and indigenous America-corn. Distributed to the public, the recent Corn Declaration issued by a coalition of rural Mexican organizations and allies criticized the impact of free trade on small growers, the loss of food self-sufficiency and the epidemic of malnutrition afflicting Mexican society. The first Chicano television news reporter in El Paso back in , Olvera is from an older generation that struggled for cultural recognition and equality in the media, academy and other institutions.

Besides a wide assortment of gifts such as traditional Mexican handicrafts and attire, visitors to the complex can dine on holiday tamales and other seasonal foods. With a capacity of 1, people, the venue will be used for concerts, boxing matches, birthday parties and other community celebrations.

Principals say the restaurant is geared toward boxing aficionados, the Latino community and tourists from across the country and Mexico. Chavez retired from professional boxing in His two sons, Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. But isn't it awfully early to begin the college push? The future really isn't that far away. I want my son to focus on college now and follow it straight through to university," the proud mother added.

Principal Kim pointed out that people with college degrees lead more prosperous lives. She said colleges lead to brighter futures for her students. She didn't get any arguments from students, who seemed very excited about adopting a college. The kids didn't have any idea what a cornhusker was, and became even more confused when Kim tried to explain how corn is shucked. But they loved the colorful T-shirts and Nebraska pennants filling the classroom walls.

They even got a penpal in Nebraska. The city of Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska and the second most populous city in the state. The population of Lincoln is approximately , people and the state population is 1,, people. The Memorial Stadium where the Nebraska Cornhuskers play holds 85, people.

On game day the stadium becomes the second largest city in the state. A fellow classmate chirped in that Kool-Aid was invented in Nebraska. The Hollingworth administrator learned about No Excuses University at an education conference. After attending a No Excuses institute, Kim spent the next year filling out the school's application. He based his program on two principles: Every child has the right to be prepared to attend college.

It is the responsibility of adults in the school to develop exceptional systems that make that dream a reality. Kim said the program has changed the perspective of the teachers as well as the attitudes of the students. So how many students does she really expect to go onto college? She won't accept any excuses.

It's meant to show that college and [barrio] can coexist. He's also a comedian who is moving from the nightclub circuit to the high school circuit so he can encourage the country's fastest-growing group of high school students to stay in school and go to college. One in five Hispanic teens drops out of high school, according to U. That's about twice the rate for black students and more than three times the rate among non-Hispanic white students.

Only 12 percent of Hispanics ages 25 to 29 have a bachelor's degree or higher, compared with 31 percent of the general population, according to an analysis by the Pew Hispanic Center. For many Latino students, barriers to college include a lack of role models, poor preparation in low-performing high schools and the rising costs of higher education.

Financial barriers are even greater for the small portion of students who are undocumented and ineligible for financial aid. As the compositions of the nation's high schools change, educators have sought out Ernie G. He's a candy-coated vitamin: He makes kids laugh while they hear an important message. On a recent Friday, he walked onstage at Wheaton High School in Montgomery County late in the day and livened up a tired crowd with his personal story. It's a tale of growing up in Los Angeles in the s, in a neighborhood dominated by street gangs that fascinated him.

But he stayed away, he said, because his mother yielded a yellow Wiffle Ball bat. His Mexican-born mother enrolled him in St. Francis, a private school three bus rides from his home because she was not happy with the trade schools to which most black and Latino kids were sent. There were only two other Latino students there. One was "Latino light," he said. He told Wheaton students about a guidance counselor who encouraged him to go to college, and about his time at Loyola Marymount in Los Angeles, where he became disillusioned, started partying and stopped studying. He did not stay out of school for long.

After his favorite aunt died months later, he decided to go back to school in her honor. In , he graduated from Loyola with a degree in psychology and a minor in Chicano studies. After the show, Ivan Gomez, a 10th-grader at Wheaton, went onstage for an autograph. He said he was inspired by Ernie G's decision to go back to college. He said he plans to go to college in honor of his father, who lives in El Salvador. Ten years ago, Ernie G was a comedian trying to make it in Hollywood. He toured nightclubs, did spots on game shows and made a splash on the burgeoning Latino comedy TV circuit on programs such as "Que Locos," hosted by George Lopez.

His "anything for a laugh" repertoire included "hoochie" jokes and epithets and heavily accented impersonations of his abuelita grandmother. Then one day in , in front of an audience of business and government leaders at an National Council of La Raza NCLR conference, he was handed a microphone and given an hour to make people laugh.

Are You an Author?

He was told to keep it clean. He wasn't sure he could do it. He started telling his story, about how he went to go to college. People listened -- and laughed. After that, his career took flight. He received calls from corporate executives looking for a consultant and invitations from colleges searching for someone to inspire students. Soon after, he was asked to be the Hispanic College Fund spokesman.

Now he speaks to some of the most talented current and prospective Latino college students in the country. He makes them laugh and tells them they can make it, even if they are the first in their families to go to college. Yeah, we eat tortillas and beans. We are also getting educated and owning our own businesses. The opinion is actually printed as an Appendix, and I have cut and pasted it below.

If anyone comes across any earlier, I would appreciate your letting me know, so we can post the information. Olivas, Michael A [MOlivas uh. Munoz, Separate but Equal? A Case Study of Romo v. An alternative writ was issued and the defendants filed their A full hearing was had before the Court upon the allegations of the complaint and answer, and from the evidence adduced thereat the Court now makes the following findings of fact; 1 That the children of the plaintiff.

It is clear from the foregoing facts that the defendants have failed in their duty to the plaintiff in not providing teachers of as high a standard of ability and qualifications to teach the children of plaintiff in the said Eighth Street School as possessed by the teachers provided by them to teach in the Tenth Street School The language employed by our Supreme Court in Dameron vs. To compel them to attend schools taught by so called student teachers is not so to do.

NOW, upon motion of Edward B. Goodwin and Harold J. Superintendent of Tempe School District No. Done in open court this 5th day of October, A. Through discrimination, racism, floods, famine, poverty, illness and the odds against him, Frank Morales has overcome obstacles that most have only heard about. Today he has spoken to tens of thousands in many countries letting them know by his own example that anyone can change their life. L-r Joe Velasquez and Frank Morales.

Such is the story of Frank Morales. He grew up in a time when Mexican people lived with rejection and where they were not allowed to participate. He refused to accept this treatment and was despised by the Anglo community for not backing down. This happened in Kansas City, Kansas. He not only survived his environment, but has lived the life of success for many years. A book will soon be out — on how he did it.

The following are extracts from the book: I went to Clara Barton elementary, which was strictly for the Mexican kids. It was built in as a result of the segregation policies of those days. The school and city father's did not want the Mexicans mingling with their kids. We were allowed to join the Anglo students in the 7th grade at Argentine High, which housed kids from 7th to 12th grades. Due to the racist environment, most of the teachers and Anglo students didn't welcome us with open arms.

They came at me from all directions that day and Mr. Harmon the principal almost threw me out of school until he found out that I was only defending myself. My younger brother and sister couldn't put up with it and eventually quit, stating, "if they don't want us here, then we're not going to stay. Most likely, the worst thing that happened to me the first day of school was my first class. The English teacher closed the classroom door after the bell rang He then described the mean and degrading words directed to him — by his 7 th grade teacher. However, it got better for me due to my determination to win them over.

I received two banners I also received the highest honors as the best all-around musician to graduate from Argentine I played tenor saxophone, clarinet, and flute. Then, to boot, I was named to the National Honor Society role. Not too bad for a kid who was almost thrown out of school the first day in the 7th grade.

All in all, I still did well and still come back most years to my high school reunion and still play with, what is considered the oldest High School Reunion band in the country. I own properties both in the U. We have five children The oldest son is Charles Andrew, who is a PhD. Our oldest daughter is also an entrepreneur and represents the Dale Carnegie Institute, and is my business partner.

Our others are also business go-getters and doing well. Also, I have three beautiful granddaughters. The oldest is the senior tennis coach at a California University ; the other two are still in college and doing well. As you also know, I am a published author. My life story is now available. The title of the book is "Fields to Freedom The links of life". You can go to 'Fieldstofreedom.

The book will be sold on Amazon. The Spanish version will be released later. As you will see that my pen name is 'Frank Morales' but my real name is Fernando But my name is still "Fernando D. In a symbolic gesture, he attempted to purchase the Park Theater on Strong Avenue — then no one in that theater would ever again tell people where to sit, based on their race: In years past, we had to sit in the Mexican section when we went to the Park Theater the "Show".

Because I had a score to settle, in I went back to Argentine to buy the theater building for cash. As it turned out, the owners and I did not come to an agreement. Blackie was with me, as well as a camera crew. It was no longer a theater it was a cabinet shop. I didn't need, nor want a theater building, it was just symbolic, to be able to afford to buy a theater building where I could sweep it early in the mornings, but for many years, were not allowed We could not sit at the counter at the Katz drugstore on 25th and Metropolitan. It was when we were allowed. Joe Amayo some of us joined the Kansas State Guard.

I was only 14, but lied about my age Served for a couple years, and when the war was over, the State Guard was dissolved and we all transferred into the Kansas National Guard. I served for 13 years, first in an infantry division and when they formed the 42 Army band, I transferred into it and became the first Drum Major, Leading many Military parades in town and throughout Kansas. I also, played in the 42nd dance band. I played saxophone, clarinet and flute. Many of the parades where I lead the marching band as the Drum Major were in Argentine on certain military holidays.

At 14, I got into trouble and wound up in jail in Olathe for Grand Larceny. We had no money in our home so three of us decided to take control of our "earning capabilities: After that little experience, I called some of 'guy's together and formed the Golden Knights Boys Club. My reason for forming it was to keep our younger brothers from doing dumb things like what I had just gone through. I was the "Charter President" having drawn up our 'Organization Papers", and served an additional two terms as President. The purpose of the club was two-fold As it turned out it became strictly sports The club is now defunct, but it lasted, off and on for over fifty years.

Self Motivation Pays Off. I formed my first musical combo in the 8th grade and later led my own groups for many years in beer joints and also nice clubs, both in Kansas and on the Missouri side. I studied with Mr. Bob Luyban, who was my first sax and clarinet teacher, who started his Luyban music store many years ago, and is still very popular to musicians on Main street down by the Plaza district It's operated by his daughter As I hear, we are the Oldest High School reunion band still playing. My book, just being released, will tell most of my story. The title is "From Fields to Freedom The Links of Life"".

You can go to Fieldstofreedom. Frank Morales is still very interested in the business world and human growth. I look forward to meeting Mr. Morales in person some day in the near future. Rudy Padilla is a columnist for the Kansan and can be in contact at opkansas swbell. Roosevelt High School, Chicago. Taft High School, Chicago. East Aurora High School, Aurora. Morton West High School, Cicero. Morton Freshman Center, Cicero. Commack High School, NY.

Fontana High School, Fontana, California. Evergreen Academy Middle School, Chicago. After School Program, Melrose Park. National Latino Education Institute, Chicago. Aurora University, Aurora, IL. Waubonsee Community College, IL. Juvenile Drug Court — Aurora. Charles Youth Prison, St. Kane County Jail, IL. Kendall County Jail, IL.

Mutual Ground, Aurora, IL. Family Focus, Aurora, IL. Indian Trails Public Library. Illinois Latino Legislative Caucus Foundation. National Hispanic Bar Association. Quad County Urban League. Kendall Immediate Medical Care sponsoring a classroom every month. IBM funded classrooms in Aurora. If you want Texas History as lived by one of the unsung heroes of Texas, this is the book for you. This story introduces his family, his travels, what life was like for a young man in the 's, traveling by horse, stagecoach, sleeping on the ground, and the exciting battles in which he participated.

This book takes him from a young man of fifteen in to his death in Buquor was all of these and more. Lee during the Mexican-American War. Sam Houston, Stephen F. He was also a loving husband and father during much of this time. I believe he was a True Texas Hero. At the age of 19 she married and during the next 10 years had five children. In at the age of 62 she married Hank Bisnar during a trip to Africa. Retirement gave her the opportunity to continue pursuing her passion in genealogy and history.

After 27 years of searching, documenting and writing short stories regarding her ancestors, she felt it was time to write a book to share this history. At the age of 74, she wrote P. She published her first genealogical book, Family History of P. Buquor and Maria de Jesus Delgado in Sylvia Villarreal Bisnar currently lives in Fort Mohave , Arizona , and spends her time reading, writing and traveling.

She is starting a new biography of her ancestor, Count Joseph de la Baume. She continues to write her autobiography as it is her wish that her descendants know about her life and their heritage. As soon as I receive enough checks to place an order of 50, I will do so and you will receive your autographed copy of the first printing.

Fort Mohave, AZ Movie on the 65th Infantry, The Borinqueneers: Korea is called the "Forgotten War", but for our 65th PR Infantry that war is still not over, for they are still fighting to save their Honor. That is the reason for the documentary and the history to correct the wrong that they received when hundred of them were court martialed. How solid is the Supreme Court precedent, Plyler v.

Doe , that allows undocumented children the opportunity to attend public K school free of charge? What would happen if the Supreme Court overruled it? How have immigration raids affected public children and school administrators? To shed some light on these vital questions, the authors provide a critical analysis of the various legal and policy aspects of the U. Table of Contents Introduction: Undocumented Students in the US: An Educational and Critical Overview 1.

Examination of Plyler v. Accountability under No Child Left Behind: Implications for Undocumented Students 5. Presentations were made by: Our highly charged program uses Mural Art, Music, and Fun as vehicles to promote art appreciation, art skills and " http: Set to high-energy music, two to four teams of 25 participants each compete in the creation of full size color murals based on the works of such masters as Diego Rivera. This is all completed within 1 to 1 and a half hours, and with no art skills necessary! Your school will have up to four murals to permanently display where ever you want.

Door prizes are awarded and all students are guaranteed to have a great time. For extended programs we offer a wide array of other great projects. I hope you consider this exciting workshop for your school or work site in the near future, as it is a fantastic vehicle to help motivate people to work together in harmony and with much more enthusiasm. I am very proud of my contribution in validating my colorful and exciting culture. As you can see from my new poster design attached here, my posters offer a humorous and thought provoking counter-attack that keeps us positive.

We need to set a good example so others support our cause. Feel free to use this image in your presentations, lectures and research papers free of charge. Curator Raoul De la Sota assembled a group of artists for a special exhibit focusing on the Mexican-rooted art form of the ex-voto: In 16th century Spain they were painted directly onto the interior church walls as murals depicting the miracle.

The paintings themselves were called Milagros or miracles. In 18th and 19th century Mexico they became the source of income for itinerant artists who depicted in their paintings some sort of miracle. These artists, often academically untrained, created their works at the request of families, painting with inexpensive oils on whatever small scraps of material was convenient and cheap, most often tin or wood.

The works ranged from the charmingly rustic to the aesthetically profound. The works were then in turn donated by the family to a nearby church as gratitude for its intervention. In the 20th century the craft continued but with less religiosity and more pleas for financial help or for material goods. In all cases there was always a narrative text painted onto the surface that described the event and the stated gratitude of the donor.

Frida Kahlo was a modern artist who admired and patterned some of her work after these forms. The present-day work by these diverse artists involves personal stories, narratives of gratitude and portrayals of visual histories. In form they are sculptures, assemblages, collages, photographs and paintings. They are no longer directed to a religious institution but rather are personal messages directed to a contemporary audience. For further information please contact: Kathy Gallegos, Director, Avenue 50 Studio, ave50studio sbcglobal.

In she left Cuba, establishing residency in the United States, where she worked as a translator, columnist, and editor. It was the first time that honor had ever been conferred on a Spanish language writer. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http: He currently plays for the Dallas Cowboys. Romo is a second generation Mexican American on his father's side and is of German and Polish descent from his mother's side. The elder Romo cites Tony's success as an example of the possibilities afforded to immigrants in the United States: If you don't get a job or an education, it's because you don't want to.

But no longer is the surname Smith tops among all surnames in baseball. According to Lyman Platt, a man who has made his mark studying genealogy and the esoterica of surnames in sports, Spanish surnames now dominate the top ten in this category, with the name Rodriguez sitting securely at the top. In fact, of the more than 8, hundred players under major or minor league baseball contracts in American, nearly a third is Latino. The game, for the past twenty years has undergone a, well, major league change.

How much has it changed? Genealogist Platt says that every third player percent -- taking the field when spring training begins next March will have roots in either Venezuela or the Dominican Republic. To marketers, people who make their living pitching sports to a hungry public, Latinos athletes represent a potential gold mine. Flores and his partner, Roxanna Lissa, are founders of Sportivo, an agency that specializes in marketing Latino sports figures.

The NBA now has nearly enough Latino players to make a roster. But the seeds are slowly being sown in a number of other sports where Spanish-surnamed athletes, male and female, are making their mark. And a number are making it dramatically in non-traditional sports. Cuban-American speed skater Jennifer Rodriguez is It will be her second Olympic competition. Brenda Villa, a Stanford graduate, became the first Latina water polo player on the U. Her team took home the silver.

But, Lisa Fernandez holds dominion over both. She also struck out 25 batters in a single Olympic game. Because of Title IX, a federal law that requires the same opportunities for young women as young men in institutions receiving federal aid, many young women are flourishing in collegiate sports. And as their success unfolds, so, too, do marketing opportunities. With a late 20th century and early 21st century Latino baby boom, in which Latino population figures outpaced all other minority groups, the possibilities for marketing future Latino athletic stars are looking up.

Lamentably the defenders lost the valiant Col. Both had joined the Constitutionalist forces. Enrique Barrera Guerra These two heroes of the Mexican Revolution were the sons of Jose Miguel Barrera and Encarnacion, a marriage that had to cry with the sacrifice of their sons immolated on altars made from the wood of their plows used for the new fields of social justice.

Mier made recompense to them in naming two streets that run parallel east to west, precisely in the heart of the neighborhood of their childhood, they ran down those very streets as children. They forever look on them that died for a just cause! Picture of the doors of Jose Miguel Barreras house in Mier.

It was the custom when a family built their generational home to inscribe the main beam called in Spanish ,"The Vega". All of the oldest existing houses from the historical district of Mier, Mexico have a "Vega" inscribed with the family name and date. This is a Spanish tradition of the highest order and mandate as it communicates that the family has established an "ancestral home; casa solariega"!

Francesco Quevedo the William Shakespeare of Spanish literature is known for a special quote dear to erudite Spaniards,"What a shame I have no ancestor who died in battle or an ancestral home; casa solariega! Cualquier Espanol que veino a la colonia de Espana en America deseaba establizersu casa solariega!

The Vega was like a cornerstone to the casa Solariega. Attached is a picture of the Vega in Mier installed in the addition built by Jose Miguel Barreras second wife, Encarnacion Guerra, dated June 30, There is another inscribed beam in the room marked Garza shared his goal, "to propagate a vision to help the people of Mier. Our next project is to reach every school child of 1, in the Mier school system with humanitarian aid! Garza shared childhood memories underlying his desire to contribute to the community of Mier.

I was particularly honored to spend some time with a former mayor and present Cronista, Enrique Maldonado Quintanilla. His writing reflect a classical education. He covers the history, social, flora, and fauna of Mier. It is caled the "Catan" similar to an alligator gar but it is much larger weighing up to lbs! I was so excited to see a picture of one caught near Mier in his book. I remember that in small Mexican towns on the river they would sell "catan chicharrones. For decades I had the memory of the sword on the monument of his grave.

Abuelita Juanita almost raised me as I lived in her house, and my mother worked. When I stood to speak at the Christmas party and I saw all the faces of the elderly, I could not help but reflect on all those wonderful Tias, Tios, Abuelos, and Abuelas that I knew as a child from Mier.

It was like giving back to them even though they are all gone. Abuelita Juanita lived through the Mexican revolution in Mier. As a child my grandmother told me all kinds of true stories from the Revolution that she experienced. Their father was Crescencio Canales inheritor to a Spanish land grant that extended to both sides of the Rio Grande River. Abuelita Juanita told me many stories of the Revolution but I'll start out with this one. All the sisters were blond and blue eyed. My mother's mother was Maria Reyes called Reyita. Abuelita told me a contingent of Pancho Villa's men came into Mier.

She said Villaistas were well known to be thieves, liars, and rapists. Her father Crescencio hid his daughters in his house to protect them from being raped. The house was a prominent dwelling and is still there caddy corner to the plaza and across from the school named after the Canales family. This was a dangerous trip as the men were out drinking and preying on passerbys. She said the water he brought back tasted horrible. Finally after days of abusing and living off the populace they left.

Crescencio Canales was able to go to the well in daylight. The power of an idea or memory is awesome! About 47 years have passed since my grandmother took me to the tomb of Enrique Barrera Guerra. Now I have returned and I am determined to help those people to honor all my Mier ancestors. Larry Garza larrygarza comcast. Most people have one or two given names, followed by two surnames. The first surname considered the primary surname is inherited from the father's paternal surname, the second is inherited from the mother's paternal surname. Women usually keep their names when they marry.

Sometimes the two surnames are separated by the word"y" meaning "and". Spanish given names are usually taken from the names of saints. The word name in Spanish is "nombre".

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Welcome Garcia and Rodriguez. Smith remains the most common surname in the United States, according to a new analysis released yesterday by the Census Bureau. The number of Hispanics living in the United States grew by 58 percent in the s to nearly 13 percent of the total population, and cracking the list of top 10 names suggests just how pervasively the Latino migration has permeated everyday American culture.

Garcia moved to No. The number of Hispanic surnames among the top 25 doubled, to 6. Compiling the rankings is a cumbersome task, in part because of confidentiality and accuracy issues, according to the Census Bureau, and it is only the second time it has prepared such a list. While the historical record is sketchy, several demographers said it was probably the first time that any non-Anglo name was among the 10 most common in the nation. Kominski, assistant chief of social characteristics for the census.

Luis Padilla, 48, a banker who has lived in Miami since he arrived from Colombia 14 years ago, greeted the ascendance of Hispanic surnames enthusiastically. It shows we're getting stronger,? If there's that many of us to outnumber the Anglo names, it's a great thing. Valdes, a board member of the Miami-based Spanish American League Against Discrimination, said the milestone gives the Hispanic community a standing within the social structure of the country.

People of Hispanic descent who hardly speak Spanish are more eager to take their Hispanic last names, he said. Today, kids identify more with their roots than they did before. Demographers pointed to more than one factor in explaining the increase in Hispanic surnames. Generations ago, immigration officials sometimes arbitrarily Anglicized or simplified names when foreigners arrived from Europe.

The movie studios used to demand that their employees have standard Waspy names, said Justin Kaplan, an historian and co-author of The Language of Names. Now, look at Rene Zellweger,? And because recent Hispanic and Asian immigrants might consider themselves more identifiable by their physical characteristics than Europeans do, they are less likely to change their surnames, though they often choose Anglicized first names for their children. The latest surname count also signaled the growing number of Asians in America.

The surname Lee ranked No. Lee is a familiar name in China and Korea and in all its variations is described as the most common surname in the world. Altogether, the census found six million surnames in the United States. Among those, , were shared by a hundred or more Americans. Four million were held by only one person. But the fact that about 1 in every 25 Americans is named Smith, Johnson, Williams, Brown, Jones, Miller or Davis suggests that there's a durability in the family of man, Mr.

Kaplan, the author, said. A million Americans share each of those seven names. An additional last names are common to 10, or more people. Together, those names account for one in four Americans. As the population of the United States ballooned by more than 30 million in the s, more Murphys and Cohens were counted when the decade ended than when it began.

Smith which would be even more common if all its variations, like Schmidt and Schmitt, were tallied is among the names derived from occupations Miller, which ranks No. Among the most famous early bearers of the name was Capt. As recently as , more Americans were employed as blacksmiths than as psychotherapists.

In , according to the Social Security Administration, nearly 3. In , the census counted 2. By , the Smith population had declined to fewer than 2. The durability of some of the most common names in American history may also have been perpetuated because slaves either adopted or retained the surnames of their owners. About one in five Smiths are black, as are about one in three Johnsons, Browns, and Joneses and nearly half the people named Williams. Nearly 90 percent of the Washingtons were black, as were 75 percent of the Jeffersons, 66 percent of the Bookers, 54 percent of the Banks and 53 percent of the Mosleys.

This presentation of data focuses on summarized aggregates of counts of surnames, and does not in any way identify specific individuals. Tabulations of all surnames occurring or more times in the census returns are provided in the files listed below. The first link explains the methodology used for identifying and editing names data. The second link provides an Excel file of the top surnames.

The third link provides zipped Excel and CSV comma separated files of the complete list of , names. The top ten surnames are: For example, I searched for Dovalina, and found the following: Bring your books, Charts, family trees and Success stories to share. Please save these dates for future Quarterly meetings: March 22nd, May 24th, and Aug 23rd. SHHAR is a non-profit, non-dues organization with family history research and networking as its prime focus. The Orange County Register will be running polls during the upcoming election. They would like to hear from the Orange County Latinos.

I have already said I would participate. I think we need to let people know that we are here and have opinions, diverse and complicated like every other group. Below is the email that I received. When I responded in the affirmative, I received several emails asking me to please invite other Latinos to participate.

Wisckol says we have been the least responsive. So, I hope some of you will jump in and get involved in what appears to be a very easy way. Dear Orange County Latino, I'm setting up an instant-polling project on presidential campaign issues for key Orange County constituencies. Once a week or so, we'll email a question to folks in each of several interest groups. They'll click on a link and hit "Yes" or "No. The groups are Latinos, Vietnamese Americans, Republicans, Democrats, conservative Christians, anti-illegal immigration activists, and independent voters.

The time requirement will be less than a minute to simply cast your vote each time, and comments are optional. Participants will receive no solicitations from us unrelated to this project and we will not share contact information. To participate, email me with your name, email address and phone number we may occasional place a short call to some participants to discuss issues for a story -- participation in such interviews will be optional. In the email, please note which groups are appropriate for you. Any other group that would like to form will be welcomed -- if they get 30 people, they'll get their own poll and forum.

Prominence of the interest groups on The Political Pulse page will be according to the level of participation. We were entertained by a young man, who prior to the program did not know he had a singing talent. He sang with pose and confidence, a very moving performance. In addition, these two young men, Ivan Navarro and Maeson Showalter spoke about their change of life style, from gangs and drugs, going down-hill, to a life with a future.

From Left to Right: For more information, please contact: Friday — Saturday 9: They are free, but registration is requested.

61 best historia images on Pinterest in | History, Spanish class and American History

Sign up by calling the Family History Center. Watch for flyers at your church buildings and Family History Centers with class schedules and time. You can Pre-register via the flyers or register at 8: The Fair hours are 9: Living History Tour, Free Jan Volunteer Open House Feb 1: Latinos with Diabetes Symposium. The mass mobilizations of spring in Los Angeles were the largest demonstrations ever witnessed in the United States. Undocumented immigrants and their supporters took to the streets to protest against repressive immigration legislation and for a comprehensive immigration reform.

Yet, contrary, to popular perception these mobilizations were not "spontaneous" eruptions, rather they form part of a larger movement for immigrants' rights that includes a cadre of leaders, organizations, and community members that have been organizing and struggling against consistent repressive anti-immigrant legislation as far back as the 's. In order to more systematically engage and examine the Immigrant Rights Movement in Los Angeles, we are forming a working group of academic scholars who are examining immigrants' rights in Los Angeles as far back as the s.

We plan to compile an edited volume on Los Angeles covering a range of topics. Areas of study include but are not limited to labor participation, student participation, civic and political organizations, leadership, coalition building, ethnic and racial community participation, ideology, immigration policy, and repression. We are calling on academic activists that have been considering or are currently working on immigrant rights and the Movimiento in Los Angeles to participate in the first organizational meeting of this working group to be held at Teatro Casa del Mexicano in East Los Angeles.

Sent by Charlie Erickson charlie hispaniclink. In addition, there will be a detailed discussion of the process of mestizaje and assimilation as it occurred in colonial Mexico. Schmal has published several books on Mexican history and culture, including the recently published "The Journey to Latino Political Representation," which chronicles the story of Latinos and their struggle for political representation from the Nineteenth Century to Los Lobos, UCLA Royce Hall The band that Time says has "master[ed] the synthesis of styles that has always been the driving force of American music" started in East Los Angeles in , coming together to play weddings and other small gigs.

They went on to release more than 18 albums, gaining the number-one spot of the Billboard Top 40 charts in with their remake of Ritchie Valens' La Bamba , part of an album that went double platinum. Los Lobos traveled with Bob Dylan and the Grateful Dead, releasing the brilliant, eclectic album Kiko in and scoring the Antonio Banderas hit film Desperado in Their new tour, which promotes their latest album the Town and the City, makes its way to California after playing 10 midwest states. Los Lobos, Feb 1, at 8 p. For tickets and information, call or long to to www. Los Angeles, CA The growing prevalence of diabetes in the Latino population, coupled with the relative poor gylcemic control that these patients achieve, leads to an increased risk of diabetic complications.

The goals of this workshop are to educate healthcare providers on key differences between Latinos and non-Latinos whites regarding diabetes care and to provide practical strategies for initiating and advancing treatment for Latinos with type 2 diabetes to ultimately improve clinical outcomes in this population. For information about a new sweetner, click.

The Presidio Trust Association is in the process of developing plans for an art museum complex to housed in what is now the historical Presidio of San Francisco site. Public meetings have been held. Boyd Delarios commenting on one meeting stated " The art community of San Francisco appeared to be strongly represented at the meeting last night, mostly by gallery owners.

All speakers were in favor of the art museum. I doubt we could get strong support from artists or their organizations. The Presidio Historical Association's official position is not to oppose the contemporary art museum; they are opposed to the art museum at this location. DTL Boyd Delarios boyddelarios earthlink. Here the soldiers, governments, and cultures of Spain , Mexico, and the United States intersected with historical forces from across the American continent, from Latin America, and from Asia. From here, American soldiers launched the first U.

Changes in the peoples and cultures of the Presidio reflect two centuries of change in the West: Ohlone Indians, Spanish, Californios, American adventurers and soldiers, women of all cultures, Asians, Mexicans, Irish, and "the world rushed in. The sounds were recorded on, or near, the Anza Trail itself. For most counties in the Guide, there is a section called "On the CD" in which you can learn more about the audio tracks. Click on each track listing to load the sound file, then press the "Play" button to hear the track. Download Musical Scores in pdf format 2.

Listen to sounds from the Anza Junior Ranger Site. It is for education and evaluation purposes only. It is not, however, to be used commercially without written permission from the National Park Service. Please direct comments and inquiries to: Also recommended by Dr. He is a historian of the later Californio period. Chris Brewer, Historian, Publisher, Consultant: Juan Vicente was born in Havana, Cuba and reared in Spain.

His father, the first count of Revillagigedo and Viceroy of Mexico, had paved his way to a brilliant career. His tenure was full of success: He ordered the first thorough census of the vice royalty which counted a total of 4,, people mostly in Mexico. Revillagigedo was particularly supportive of the exploration of Alaska, sending several well-organized expeditions.

He had to deal with the Nootka Sound Controversy, in which Spaniards and British differences regarding the control of the Pacific Northwest were more or less settled. Because of his energy and intelligence, he won the admiration of all who knew him. Mexican, historians have judged him as one of the best of the viceroys. The spacious palace of Revillagigedo still stands facing the seaport in the city of Gijon of northern Spain.

Sent by Belia Jimenez Trevino. Most historians have forgotten about this obscure incident that took place on the border in I first heard of the U. One evening, during a family dinner, my great-aunt Adela Dorado shared her memories with us about her experiences as a young woman during the Mexican Revolution. She recalled that American authorities regularly forced her and all other working-class Mexicans to take a bath and be sprayed with pesticides at the Santa Fe Bridge whenever they needed to cross into the United States. My great-aunt, who worked as a maid in El Paso during the revolution, told us she felt humiliated for being treated as a "dirty Mexican.

Many years later, as part of my research for this book at the National Archives in the Washington, D. The pictures, which were part of the U. Public Health records, showed large steam dryers used to disinfect the clothes of border crossers at the Santa Fe Bridge. But I also unexpectedly uncovered other information at the National Archives that took my great-aunt's personal recollections beyond family lore or microhistory. These records point to the connection between the U. The documents show that beginning in the s, U.

The fumigation was carried out in an area of the building that American officials called, ominously enough, "the gas chambers. Later, when the Final Solution was put into effect, the Germans found more sinister uses for this extremely lethal pesticide. They used Zyklon B pellets in their own gas chambers not just to kill lice but to exterminate millions of human beings.

But that's another story. Mexican contract workers undergo medical inspection before being sprayed with pesticides, ca. The disinfections along the U. Some even consider her a fronteriza Rosa Parks, yet her name has been mostly forgotten. Instead, Carmelita got off the electric streetcar and convinced 30 other female passengers to get off with her and demonstrate their opposition to this humiliating process. By noon, the press estimated their number as "several thousand. The demonstrators marched as a group toward the disinfection camp to call out those who were submitting themselves to the humiliation of the delousing process.

When immigration and public health service officers tried to disperse the crowd, the protesters hurled bottles, rocks and insults at the Americans. A customs inspector was hit in the head. Fort Bliss commander General Bell ordered his soldiers to the scene, but the women jeered at them and continued their street battle. The "Amazons," the newspapers reported, struck Sergeant J. Peck in the face with a rock and cut his cheek.

The protesters laid down on the tracks in front of the trolley cars to prevent them from moving. When the street cars were immobilized, the women wrenched the motor controllers from the hands of the motormen. One of the motormen tried to run back to the American side of the bridge. Three or four female rioters clung to him while he tried to escape. They pummeled him with all their might and gave him a black eye. They wore insignia bearing a skull and crossbones and were known for taking no prisoners.

The cavalrymen drew their sabers and pointed them at the crowd. But the women were not frightened. They jeered, hooted and attacked the soldiers. San Basilio de Palenque was founded by runaway slaves. On the surface it resembles any other impoverished Colombian village. But when adults here speak with one another, their language draws inspiration from as far away as the Congo River Basin in Africa. This peculiar speech has astonished linguists since they began studying it several decades ago. Theories about its origins vary, but one thing is certain: The sentence roughly translates as, "Palenque is the land of cattle, sweets and basic staples.

Palenquero is thought to be the only Spanish-based Creole language in Latin America. But its grammar is so different that Spanish speakers can understand almost nothing of it. It is spoken only in this village and a handful of neighborhoods in cities where workers have migrated. The survival of Palenquero points to the extraordinary resilience of San Basilio de Palenque, part of whose very name — Palenque — is the Spanish word for a fortified village of runaway slaves.

Different from dozens of other palenques that were vanquished, this community has successfully fended off threats to its existence to this day. And while English-, French- and Dutch-based Creole languages are found in the Caribbean, the survival of one in the interior of Colombia has led some scholars to theorize that Palenquero may be the last remnant of a Spanish-based lingua franca once used widely by slaves throughout Latin America.

Palenquero was strongly influenced by the Kikongo language of Congo and Angola, and by Portuguese, the language of traders who brought African slaves to Cartagena in the 17th century. Advocates for keeping Palenquero alive face an uphill struggle. The isolation that once shielded the language from the outside world has come to an end.

Once three days by mule to the coast, the journey to Cartagena now takes two hours by bus on a bumpy dirt road. With electricity came radio and television. Many here have had to venture to nearby banana plantations or cities for work, and then found themselves ostracized because of the way they spoke.

Only two of Ms. Others are assembling a dictionary of Palenquero to be used in the school. The defenders of Palenquero view their struggle as a continuation of other battles. From Frederick Douglass to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. This class divide was predicted long ago, and nobody wanted to listen. Yet, no one could imagine how to close the gap. How did this happen? But nobody knows for sure. Sometimes the government helped: Well, perhaps not the mule, but acres in Florida. In the s, she turned 1. According to a study by the economist Edward N. They study, save, work, strive and vote. Henry Louis Gates Jr.

With a population of , in the census, Campeche was ranked thirtieth among the Mexican states in terms of population. The territory of Campeche is politically divided into ten municipios. The capital city is Campeche, which had a population of , in In all, the territory occupied by the Mayan Indians was probably about , square kilometers , square miles in area and is sometimes referred to collectively as El Mundo Maya The Mayan World.

The Mayas made a living through agriculture, hunting and fishing. They were also skilled weavers and temple builders who left a treasure trove of archaeological sites for later generations to admire. The language was documented in the ancient hieroglyphs of the Pre-Columbian Mayan civilizations at several archaeological sites and may be as much as 5, years old.

Even at the time of the census, , individuals in the entire Mexican Republic still spoke this language. This number does not include the other major Mayan linguistic groups, such as the Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Huasteca, and the Chol, all of which thrive in several other Mexican states. The Mayan ethnohistorian, Ralph L. Professor Roys and other historians have indicated that most of present-day Campeche was ruled over by four native states when the Spaniards first arrived in In all, this kingdom included at least 76 communities. At the time of contact, an Aztec pochteca ruled over the important trading colony at Xicallanco and the surrounding area, while small Chontal communities were scattered along the lower Mamantel and Candelaria rivers.

Canpech probably earned its name from its principal town, the present-day city of Campeche which was the Spanish pronunciation of the word. Cardinal Juan de Torquemada gives the Mayan name as Kinpech, which has also been reconstructed as Ah Kin Pech, but the colonial Maya manuscripts only refer to it as Canpech. Ah Kin Pech, in the Mayan language, means "the place of serpents and ticks.

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Roys wrote that "the Province of Ah Canul was one of the largest native states in the northern and more thickly populated half of the Yucatan peninsula. First Contact with Spaniards. Soon after, however, Mayan priests told the Spaniards to leave the area or face death, and they complied by departing.

Shortly after the arrival of the Spaniards, the Mayans attacked in force, killing more than fifty men. With their manpower reduced by half, the expedition was forced to return to Cuba. This expedition landed near Campeche at the river Lagartos, but was soon attacked by the Mayan inhabitants and left the region. This accommodation initiated a gradual incorporation of the Chontal Mayan into the Spanish empire. The Conquest of Campeche In , Montejo landed with a crew of Spanish soldiers at Cozumel in present-day Quintana Roo to commence with the conquest. The resistance of the Mayan provinces kept the Spanish forces in check for several years.

In , Montejo subdued the natives of Xicallanco, Copilco, and Hueyatastla in the south. As a result, researchers France Scholes and Ralph Roys observed that "by the end of a considerable part of northern Yucatan had apparently accepted Spanish suzerainty. With a depleted force, he departed his headquarters at Dzilam and retreated to join his father at Campeche. At the end of , the older Montejo and his forces evacuated Campeche altogether, withdrawing to Tabasco.

Campeche would not return to Spanish rule until A contributing factor to the failure of the Montejos to hold their positions was the loss of men who decided to go to Peru to find greater spoils in the conquest of the Inca Empire. During this period, the young settlement, according to France Scholes and Ralph Roys, "maintained a very uncertain existence.

By this time, Scholes and Roys explain, the indigenous inhabitants of the area had "became increasingly restive. Once effective control had been established, the City of Campeche served a "strategic role as a trade and administrative center. Even before pacifying the native peoples of Campeche, Francisco Montejo and his lieutenants began to distribute the inhabitants through encomiendas, which were royal grants of indigenous inhabitants that licensed a Spanish encomendero to receive their labor and tribute.

Unfortunately, the encomiendas became subject to abuse and were frequently enforced through brutality and cruelty. Disease also took its toll on the indigenous people of Campeche. But smallpox decimated several communities in or It is estimated that the population at contact was 35, and that this dropped to 13, in After this, however, immigration from other areas helped rebuild the native population of Ah Canuel. The state was re-incorporated into Mexico in December , but independence was restored in December In the census, Campeche was reported to have 39, persons aged 5 years or more who spoke an indigenous language, representing After this census, the number of indigenous speaking persons in Campeche dropped steadily, in to 35, indigenous speakers and in to 28, The majority of the indigenous speakers in communicated in the Mayan language 26, speakers.

Fifty-one Yaquis were also tallied, possibly Porfiriato exiles from Sonora. The Mayan Speakers in the Census. Mayan speakers were represented in 14 Mexican states, but only four states had significant numbers of them. A total of , Mayan speakers lived in that state, representing Campeche had the second largest number of Mayan speakers with 26,, which represented Two other states had significant numbers of Maya speakers: Quintana Roo 1, and Chiapas Out of a total state population of 76,, 33, persons or Slightly fewer — 31,, or Although a significant number of people in Campeche claimed to be of pure indigenous heritage, a much smaller number — 23, — were classified as speakers of indigenous languages five years of age and more, representing All but five of these persons were Mayan Indians, while four spoke the Amuzgo language.

In the census, the number of indigenous speakers five years of age and over in the state of Campeche climbed to 31,, representing The fact that 16, indigenous speakers were monolingual and unable to speak Spanish representing The Mayan language was, by far, the most widely spoken indigenous language in Campeche at the time of the census. At least 55, persons out of the 57, indigenous speakers spoke Mayan, representing Native Peoples of Campeche in In contrast, the population of persons five years and more who spoke indigenous languages amounted to 93, individuals, who made up only These individuals spoke more than fifty Indian languages, some of which were transplants from Central America or other parts of the Mexican Republic.

Although most of the indigenous speakers were bilingual, 5, persons were registered as monolingual. In three of those four municipios, persons speaking indigenous languages also represented at least half the population of the municipio. At the same time, only two municipios contained populations that were less than ten percent indigenous. Almost all of these individuals 26, spoke the Maya language. The 75, individuals 5 years of age and over who spoke the Mayan language in Campeche represented only 9. In the census, four of the municipios had at least 10, Mayan speakers: The Chenes Region of Campeche Hopelchen, and part of Campeche contains a highly traditional and conservative Mayan population, which due to its relative isolation, has a significant number of Mayan monolingual speakers.

In , the 2, monolingual speakers in Campeche Municipio represented 9. In Hopelchen, 1, monolingual speakers represented 7. Some two thousand or more years ago, the Chol Indians inhabited the region which is now known as Guatemala and Honduras. Over time, they split into two main groups, the Chol migrating gradually to the region of present day Chiapas, and the Chortis staying in the region of Guatemala.

The Choles of the present day call themselves "Winik" "Man" and primarily occupy northern Chiapas, adjacent to the states of Tabasco and Campeche. The Chol Indians of Campeche numbered 8, in the census and accounted for 9. The small number of Chol living in Campeche, in fact, represented only 5. The Chol are the dominant indigenous language in three southern Campeche municipios: A total of 1, individuals five years of age or more in Campeche spoke the Kanjobal language in , representing 2.

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