Observations psychologiques (French Edition)

Click here to see the Library ]. It is essential that exposed workers have regular health check-ups. Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation: Nearly 24, deaths were observed, of which were cancer deaths. France participated in this study, a country where the nuclear industry is preponderant: No significant excess was observed. The cohort was very young, with a median age at study end of This cohort was updated with an additional follow-up period.

The vital status, the causes of death, and employment periods were updated up to the end of , so that the results of the mortality analysis of EDF workers exposed to radiation during the — period could be presented in this article. The inclusion criteria for this cohort were: To identify this population, several sources of information were used because assignment to an occupation exposing the worker to ionizing radiation was not mentioned in the personnel file. The cohort included 22, individuals, of whom were women.

Two individuals were excluded compared to the first study because they no longer met the criterion after correction for their dates of employment. The date of birth was known for all participants. The dates of employment and career shifts were updated for the — period using the personnel file. The start-of-employment date was defined as the oldest date among the hiring date, the date the worker gained permanent status, and the date of first change in the job history file.

The end-of-employment date was defined as the oldest date among 31 December and the date of retirement, resignation, dismissal or death for those who had retired, resigned, were fired, or had died in active service. A second or third employment period with EDF was sought for individuals who had resigned or had been fired. The employment periods were updated for 20, workers still in active service on 1st January The region where the worker was first employed in the nuclear sector was obtained from the personnel file. When the region corresponding to the year the worker was hired was unknown, we looked for the first known region in the following years.

Five regions in France were defined using job location codes in the nuclear sector: Northeast, Northwest, Center, Southeast, and Southwest. The socioprofessional category at hiring was determined from the education level at hiring in the personnel file. Three categories were defined: This provided the vital status for 22, workers.

A second RNIPP search was then carried out based on these corrected data, providing the vital status of additional workers, for a total of 22, workers. The causes of death were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, revision 8 ICD8 for deaths between and , revision 9 ICD9 for deaths between and , and revision 10 ICD10 for deaths between and The date of entry in the study was defined as the last date among the date of hiring plus one year, the date of the first radiation monitoring, and 1st January The workers did not systematically enter the study when they were hired but rather when they underwent radiation monitoring for the first time.

The end point date was defined as the first date among 31st December , the date of death, and the date of the last available information for those lost to follow-up. The objective of this study was to compare the mortality rate of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation with the mortality rate of the French population.

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These numbers were then grouped by five-calendar-year periods between and and a six-calendar-year period for — The French population mortality rates were then calculated by cancer sites and for four broad groups of non-cancer causes of death. The Appendix A provides the definition of all the causes of death studied. The number of person-years at-risk was calculated by sex, age group, and calendar period.

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The strata thus formed were noted s , the person-years at-risk n s. The SMRs were calculated by broad cause and cancer site. Smoking-related cancers were grouped based on the following sites: Given the low number of women in the study, the SMRs presented grouped men and women. Statistical methods in cancer research. To study the healthy worker effect HWE and the associated healthy survivor effect HSE , the SMRs for all-cause mortality and all cancer were estimated for different demographic and professional factors: The SMRs for external causes of death were also presented for these characteristics.

The Poisson regression and the relative risk model were used to estimate the SMRs by category j for each factor as well as their confidence intervals. All the statistical analyses were carried out with Epicure software [ 8 Hirosoft International Corporation. The median year of birth was range — At the end of the study, 16, workers were still in active service, were retired, had resigned, and 78 had been put on disability.

The vital status was known for The median year of entry in the study was range — A total of , person-years of follow-up was observed; Fig. Table 2 presents the SMRs by broad causes of death, separately for men and women. Mortality rates for diseases of the circulatory system and by external causes were also half that of the French population. A particularly low mortality rate was observed for respiratory system diseases. Table 3 presents the SMRs by cancer site in men and women grouped together. When a single death was observed for a given outcome, the results are not presented.

A significant deficit was noted in deaths from cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, rectum, liver, nasal cavity, larynx, lung, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Psychologie

A single bladder cancer death was observed, whereas the expected number was greater than ten data not shown. A total of 16 leukemia deaths were observed, resulting in a SMR equal to 0. Table 4 presents a description of the all-cause and all-cancer SMRs in relation to the different demographic characteristics, men and women combined. For comparison, the results are also presented for external causes of death. No heterogeneity or trends in the all-cause, all-cancer, or external-cause SMRs was observed according to calendar period.

A significant increase in all-cause SMRs was observed with attained age and age at study entry.

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This trend was also observed for all-cancer and external-cause SMRs, but was not significant. No heterogeneity or trends in the all-cause, all-cancer, or external cause SMRs was observed for time since entry in the study. No heterogeneity was observed for all-cause and all-cancer SMRs according to first region of work in the nuclear sector, whereas a significant heterogeneity was observed for the external-cause SMRs. Table 4 also provides a description of the all-cause, all-cancer, and external-cause SMRs in relation to different professional characteristics.

All-cause, all-cancer, and external-cause SMRs significantly dropped when the level of education at hiring rose. No heterogeneity or trends in the all-cause, all-cancer, or external cause SMRs was observed for time since hiring or duration of employment. The cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation at EDF includes 22, individuals. Analysis by cancer site did not show significant excess compared to the French population. Nonsignificant excesses were observed for pancreatic, pleural, renal, and central nervous system cancers.

Significant variations in all-cause SMRs were observed for attained age and age at study entry. Significant variations in all-cause and all-cancer SMRs were observed for educational level at hiring, with lower SMRs for the highest categories at hiring.

The cohort is made up of a stable and carefully monitored population, with only 66 individuals lost to follow-up out of 22, The vital status was determined by two complementary sources: When updating the — period, it was not possible to use the pension file for all individuals but only those not found by the RNIPP. With these two sources, the vital status was known with a good level of confidence, including for workers born or deceased abroad. This cohort therefore allows for good occupational surveillance, but it remains young and it is therefore important to continue following it up.

Indeed, the coming years will provide essential data on the mortality of these workers. Data on the working region is less reliable: The duration of the follow-up is less than the duration of employment, which is explained by the fact that a part of the cohort is made up of workers already employed at EDF before the nuclear sector started up in this company. The objective of this study was to elaborate this French version and to explore its factorial, convergent and predictive validity.

The present study was based on a large sample of men and women of the working population asked to participate to a cross-sectional survey by a network of occupational physicians in the South-East of France. The analysis of an open question asking for other potentially missing forms of bullying underlined the satisfactory coverage of the LIPT.

The study of the factorial validity showed a satisfactory coherence in the interpretation of the factors obtained.

observation psychologique - English translation – Linguee

Leymann defined workplace bullying by the exposure to at least one form of bullying, weekly or more, and for at least six months. The convergent and predictive validity were increased when this definition was combined with the self-report of being exposed to bullying. This step of development and validation of the French version of questionnaires seems crucial to set up future high-quality studies, and to allow comparisons at the international level.

Forthcoming studies should prefer using such validated questionnaire to better understand and prevent this occupational risk factor.

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