The Iowa

Western Iowa around modern Council Bluffs was used as a way station for other tribes being moved west, including the Potawatomi. The first American settlers officially moved to Iowa in June Congress established the Territory of Iowa. President Martin Van Buren appointed Robert Lucas governor of the territory, which at the time had 22 counties and a population of 23, Almost immediately after achieving territorial status, a clamor arose for statehood.

Polk signed Iowa's admission bill into law. Once admitted to the Union, the state's boundary issues resolved, and most of its land purchased from the Indians, Iowa set its direction to development and organized campaigns for settlers and investors, boasting the young frontier state's rich farmlands, fine citizens, free and open society, and good government.

Iowa has a long tradition of state and county fairs. The first and second Iowa State Fairs were held in the more developed eastern part of the state at Fairfield. Thereafter, the fair moved to locations closer to the center of the state and in found a permanent home in Des Moines. The fair was also a World War II wartime casualty from —, as the fairgrounds were being used as an army supply depot.

Iowa supported the Union during the Civil War, voting heavily for Abraham Lincoln , though there was a strong antiwar " Copperhead " movement among settlers of southern origins and among Catholics. Iowa sent large supplies of food to the armies and the eastern cities. Much of Iowa's support for the Union can be attributed to Samuel J. Kirkwood , its first wartime governor. Of a total population of ,, about , men were subjected to military duty. Iowa contributed proportionately more men to Civil War military service than did any other state, north or south, sending more than 75, volunteers to the armed forces, over one-sixth of whom were killed before the Confederates surrendered at Appomattox.

Most fought in the great campaigns in the Mississippi Valley and in the South. Many died and were buried at Andersonville. Twenty-seven Iowans have been awarded the Medal of Honor , the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government, which was first awarded in the Civil War. Curtis , Francis J. Herron , and Frederick Steele —and saw many of its generals go on to state and national prominence following the war.

Following the Civil War, Iowa's population continued to grow dramatically, from , people in to 1,, in The introduction of railroads in the s and s transformed Iowa into a major agricultural producer. For farmers, the change was significant. Since the beginning of the war in , Iowa farmers had experienced economic prosperity. In the economic sector, Iowa also has undergone considerable change.

Beginning with the first farm-related industries developed in the s, Iowa has experienced a gradual increase in the number of business and manufacturing operations. The transition from an agricultural economy to a mixed economy happened slowly. The Great Depression and World War II accelerated the shift away from smallholder farming to larger farms, and began a trend of urbanization. The period since World War II has witnessed a particular increase in manufacturing operations.

While agriculture continued to be the state's dominant industry, Iowans also produce a wide variety of products including refrigerators, washing machines, fountain pens, farm implements, and food products. The Farm Crisis of the s caused a major recession in Iowa, causing poverty not seen since the Depression. After bottoming out in the s, Iowa's economy began to become increasingly less dependent on agriculture, and by the early 21st century was characterized by a mix of manufacturing, biotechnology, finance and insurance services, and government services.

Of the residents of Iowa, Island areas, or born abroad to American parent s , and 4. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 29, people, while migration within the country produced a net loss of 41, people.

Males made up approximately As of the Census , the population of Iowa was 3,, The gender makeup of the state was According to the American Community Survey , 5. Iowa's population is more urban than rural, with 61 percent living in urban areas in , a trend that began in the early 20th century. Iowa, in common with other Midwestern states especially Kansas , Nebraska , North Dakota , and South Dakota , is feeling the brunt of rural flight , although Iowa has been gaining population since approximately Some smaller communities, such as Denison and Storm Lake , have mitigated this population loss through gains in immigrant laborers.

Another demographic problem for Iowa is the brain drain , in which educated young adults leave the state in search of better prospects in higher education or employment. During the s, Iowa had the second highest exodus rate for single, educated young adults, second only to North Dakota. Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

The largest non Protestant religion was Catholicism with , adherents. The state has a great number of Reformed denominations. The Presbyterian Church USA had almost congregations and 51, members followed by the Reformed Church in America with 80 churches and 40, members, and the United Church of Christ had churches and 39, members.

The study also found rapid growth in Evangelical Christian denominations. Dubuque is home to the Archdiocese of Dubuque , which serves as the ecclesiastical province for all 3 other dioceses in the state and for all the Catholics in the entire state of Iowa. Historically, religious sects and orders who desired to live apart from the rest of society established themselves in Iowa, such as the Amish and Mennonite near Kalona and in other parts of eastern Iowa such as Davis County and Buchanan County. As of [update] about 6, Jews live in Iowa, with about of them in Des Moines.

After English, Spanish is the second-most-common language spoken in Iowa, with , people in Iowa of Hispanic or Latino origin [99] and 47, people born in Latin America. The Babel Proclamation of banned the speaking of German in public. Around Pella , residents of Dutch descent once spoke the Pella Dutch dialect. No other language is spoken by more than 0. Des Moines is the largest city in Iowa and the state's political and economic center. Along Interstate 80 near Walcott, Iowa lies the world's largest truck stop, Iowa Some of the most dramatic scenery in Iowa is found in the unique Loess Hills.

Every year in early May, the city of Orange City holds the annual Tulip Festival, a celebration of the strong Dutch heritage in the region. Dodge House , and the Lewis and Clark Monument. Northwest Iowa is home to some of the largest concentrations of wind turbine farms in the world. The Driftless Area of northeast Iowa has many steep hills and deep valleys, checkered with forest and terraced fields. Effigy Mounds National Monument in Allamakee and Clayton Counties has the largest assemblage of animal-shaped prehistoric mounds in the world.

Cedar Falls is home of the University of Northern Iowa. Dubuque is a regional tourist destination with attractions such as the National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium and the Port of Dubuque. Dyersville is home to the famed Field of Dreams baseball diamond. Maquoketa Caves State Park , near Maquoketa , contains more caves than any other state park. It has crossed the state on various routes each year since Iowa is home to more than 70 wineries, [] and hosts five regional wine tasting trails.

Scored in 10 individual categories, Iowa was ranked 1st when it came to the "Cost of Doing Business"; this includes all taxes, utility costs, and other costs associated with doing business.

Iowa Poll: Republicans back the President, but welcome challengers

Iowa was also ranked 10th in "Economy", 12th in "Business Friendliness", 16th in "Education", 17th in both "Cost of Living" and "Quality of Life", 20th in "Workforce", 29th in "Technology and Innovation", 32nd in "Transportation" and the lowest ranking was 36th in "Access to Capital". While Iowa is often viewed as a farming state, in reality agriculture is a small portion of a diversified economy, with manufacturing, biotechnology, finance and insurance services, and government services contributing substantially to Iowa's economy.

As of December , the state's unemployment rate is 3. Major manufacturing sectors include food processing, heavy machinery, and agricultural chemicals. Sixteen percent of Iowa's workforce is dedicated to manufacturing. Food processing is the largest component of manufacturing. Besides processed food, industrial outputs include machinery, electric equipment, chemical products, publishing, and primary metals.

Meatpacker Tyson Foods has 11 locations, second only to its headquarter state Arkansas. Directly and indirectly, agriculture has been a major component of Iowa's economy. As of the direct production and sale of raw agricultural products contributed only about 3. This was lower than the economic impact of non-farm manufacturing, which accounted for Iowa is the nation's largest producer of ethanol and corn and some years is the largest grower of soybeans. As of , there were 16 organizations offering health insurance products in Iowa, per the State of Iowa Insurance Division.

It found Wellmark Inc. A total of 39 ethanol plants produced 3. Renewable energy has become a major economic force in northern and western Iowa, with wind turbine electrical generation increasing exponentally since In , Iowa was the headquarters for three of the top 2, companies for revenue. Iowa imposes taxes on net state income of individuals, estates, and trusts. There are nine income tax brackets, ranging from 0. Iowa has more than 2, taxing authorities. Most property is taxed by more than one taxing authority. The tax rate differs in each locality and is a composite of county, city or rural township, school district and special levies.

Iowa allows its residents to deduct their federal income taxes from their state income taxes. Iowa has four primary interstate highways. I travels from the Missouri state line to the Minnesota state line through the state's center, including Des Moines. I begins at I just northeast of Davenport. Iowa is among the few jurisdictions where municipalities install speed cameras on interstate highways providing a substantial revenue source from out of state drivers.

The Code of Iowa contains Iowa's statutory laws. It is periodically updated by the Iowa Legislative Service Bureau, with a new edition published in odd-numbered years and a supplement published in even-numbered years. Iowa is an alcohol monopoly or alcoholic beverage control state. After the United States Census and the resulting redistricting, Iowa lost one seat in Congress, falling to four seats in the U.

Representatives Leonard Boswell D and Tom Latham R ran against each other in in the third congressional district which had new boundaries; Latham won and retired after the elections. King represented the old fifth congressional district. In Iowa, the term "political party" refers to political organizations which have received two percent or more of the votes cast for president or governor in the "last preceding general election".

Four of these have had candidates on the ballot in Iowa since for various positions: As a result of the elections, each party controlled one house of the Iowa General Assembly: As a result of the elections, Republicans gained control of the Senate. Incumbent Democratic governor Chet Culver was defeated in by Republican Terry Branstad , who had served as governor from to On December 14, , Branstad became the longest serving governor in U. As of February 1, , there were 2,, registered voters.

The state gets considerable attention every four years because the Iowa caucus , gatherings of voters to select delegates to the state conventions, is the first presidential caucus in the country. The caucuses, held in January or February of the election year, involve people gathering in homes or public places and choosing their candidates, rather than casting secret ballots as is done in a presidential primary election.

In the 19th century Iowa was among the earliest states to enact prohibitions against race discrimination, especially in education, but was slow to achieve full integration in the 20th century. In the very first decision of the Supreme Court of Iowa — In Re the Matter of Ralph , [] decided July —the Court rejected slavery in a decision that found a slave named Ralph became free when he stepped on Iowa soil, 26 years before the end of the Civil War.

Supreme Court would ban miscegenation statutes nationwide.

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The Iowa Supreme Court decided Clark v. The Board of Directors [] in , ruling that racially segregated "separate but equal" schools had no place in Iowa, 85 years before Brown v. Supreme Court reached the same decision.

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In , the Iowa Civil Rights Act apparently outlawed discrimination by businesses, reading: Katz that businesses had to serve customers regardless of race; the case began when Edna Griffin was denied service at a Des Moines drugstore. As with racial equality, Iowa was a vanguard in women's rights in the midth century, but was slow to give women the right to vote. In , the University of Iowa became the first public university in the U. Mansfield to the practice of law.

In women were given "partial suffrage", which allowed them to vote on issues, but not for candidates. It was not until the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in that women had full suffrage in Iowa. After Amendment, it reads: In the aftermath of the civil rights movement , court decisions in Iowa clarified and expanded citizens' rights. Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District confirmed the right of students to express political views. The state's law criminalizing same-sex sexual activity was repealed in June , 27 years before Lawrence v.

Brien , [] holding in a unanimous decision, [] the state's law forbidding same-sex marriage was unconstitutional. This made Iowa the third state in the U. Iowa has Ten official partner jurisdictions: Iowa is often credited with the start of the high school movement in the U. Around , secondary schools as we know them today were established across the state, which was unprecedented at the time. As the high school movement gathered pace and went beyond Iowa, there was clear evidence of how more time spent in school led to greater income.

The Iowa State Board of Education works with the Iowa Department of Education to provide oversight, supervision, and support for the state's education system that includes all public elementary and secondary schools, nonpublic schools that receive state accreditation, area education agencies, community colleges, and teacher preparation programs.

The State Board consists of ten members: The Iowa Board of Educational Examiners is an autonomous board in control of teacher licensure standards and professional discipline; it has a majority of licensed teachers as members and is the oldest state educational board. As of [update] transportation spending is a significant part of the budgets of rural school districts as many are geographically large and must transport students across vast distances.

This reduces the amount of money spent on other aspects of the districts. The Iowa Board of Regents is composed of nine citizen volunteers appointed by the governor to provide policymaking, coordination, and oversight of the state's public universities, two special K schools, and affiliated centers. In addition to the three state universities, Iowa has multiple private colleges and universities.

The state has four major college teams playing in Division I for all sports.

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Although Iowa has no professional major league sports teams, Iowa has minor league sports teams in baseball, basketball, hockey, and other sports. The following table shows the Iowa sports teams with average attendance over 8, Iowa has four Class A minor league teams in the Midwest League: Iowa has two professional basketball teams. Iowa has three professional football teams. Also, the Knoxville Raceway dirt track hosts the Knoxville Nationals , one of the classic sprint car racing events.

Senior Open and has scheduled the Solheim Cup. Iowa was the birthplace of U. Five Nobel Prize winners hail from Iowa: Prusiner , recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Other notable scientists who worked or were born in Iowa include astronomer and space pioneer James A.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Iowa disambiguation. State of the United States of America. List of counties in Iowa. Iowa archaeology and Indians of Iowa. List of cities in Iowa and List of largest Iowa cities by population. Religion in Iowa [89] religion percent Protestant.

Iowa locations by per capita income. Political party strength in Iowa. List of school districts in Iowa. List of colleges and universities in Iowa. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. Sports teams from Iowa. List of people from Iowa.

Iowa portal United States portal. Iowa Department of Economic Development. Archived from the original on September 2, Retrieved September 9, Retrieved May 6, Retrieved December 9, United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on November 2, Retrieved October 21, Retrieved May 14, Office of the State Archeologist at the University of Iowa.

Archived from the original on June 4, Retrieved June 29, Archived from the original PDF on May 20, Archived from the original on June 21, Retrieved August 8, University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. Archived from the original on August 2, Retrieved August 9, Sullivan's Line, the Honey War, and latitudinal estimations".

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Silence was not an option. Trump names Mulvaney acting chief of staff. Mulvaney calls Trump 'terrible' in video. Why Mueller cares about Michael Flynn. Kyl to resign by year's end. Hatch says he regrets 'I don't care' comment. Beto O'Rourke on run: There is one topic on which Iowa Republicans seem strongly critical of Trump's choices: On each other issue position tested in the survey, majorities say the President made a good move.

Another one in five are unsure which they are closer to. Those differences correspond with stronger support for Trump in some cases -- gender and ideology, notably -- but not all.