Tunnels

How Tunnels Work

Colorado Department of Transportation. Spiralen Tunnel Drammen, Norway. The dramatic Spiralen road tunnel, built in and comprising six spirals covering 1, meters 5, feet , leads to one of the most spectacular viewpoints in the industrial town of Drammen. Maximum benefit for minimum effort -- that's good engineering.

The tunnel opens out to a dramatic view of Drammen Valley and has a beer garden, restaurants and open-air museum.

Guoliang Tunnel Henan Province, China. Before the construction of this impressive tunnel, the only way to access the village of Guoliang was via a narrow path carved into the side of the Taihang Mountains.

The Underground Tunnels

In , a group of 13 villagers decided to construct a tunnel, which they dug by hand. Three died during the construction process but the tunnel transformed the village and became a tourist attraction in its own right. At the same time, one should remember the cost and the fact that several villagers were killed during construction.

The tunnel was built jagged and steep due to the village's primitive tools, earning it the nickname: The tunnel, the longest in Malaysia, was built to solve the problem of flash flooding in Kuala Lumpur. SMART can operate in three ways: When there's no flooding, it serves purely as a road tunnel. When there are floods, rainwater can be diverted into a lower channel, and the upper level will remain open to traffic.

List of longest tunnels

When exceptionally heavy floods occur, the tunnel closes to all traffic and watertight gates open to allow floodwater to flow through. The tunnel is expected to prevent billions of dollars of possible flood damage and costs from traffic congestion. Beijing's secret subterranean city. Bund Sightseeing Tunnel Shanghai. This underwater Chinese tunnel is short and sweet, but spectacular and slightly strange. Passengers were originally going to be ferried from one side to the other on a moving walkway, but automated cars were installed instead.

A company that had worked with Disney was originally supposed to help design the tunnel, but was deemed too expensive. Instead a Shanghai-based company created the tunnel's psychedelic lights and trippy audio-visual effects. The ride is apparently meant to represent a journey to the core of the Earth. What's in underground Budapest? The Seikan is a railway tunnel in Japan, but what makes it unique is the fact that a kilometer Until the Gotthard Base Tunnel came along, it was the longest and deepest rail tunnel in the world.

The Underground Tunnels: Tabor City

Work on the tunnel started in and was completed in In , construction workers hit a patch of soft rock and water gushed into the tunnel at a rate of 80 tons per minute. The leak took two months to fix. A year of the world's Best Beaches There's a perfect beach for every week of the year. Join us on a month journey to see them all Go to the best beaches.

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Tunnel Basics A tunnel is a horizontal passageway located underground. While erosion and other forces of nature can form tunnels, in this article we'll talk about man made tunnels -- tunnels created by the process of excavation.

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There are many different ways to excavate a tunnel, including manual labor, explosives, rapid heating and cooling, tunneling machinery or a combination of these methods. Some structures may require excavation similar to tunnel excavation, but are not actually tunnels. Shafts , for example, are often hand-dug or dug with boring equipment.

But unlike tunnels, shafts are vertical and shorter. Often, shafts are built either as part of a tunnel project to analyze the rock or soil, or in tunnel construction to provide headings, or locations, from which a tunnel can be excavated. The diagram below shows the relationship between these underground structures in a typical mountain tunnel.

The opening of the tunnel is a portal. The "roof" of the tunnel, or the top half of the tube, is the crown.

The bottom half is the invert.