Joseph Fouché (Biographies Historiques) (French Edition)

Aelfa marked it as to-read Feb 14, Camille marked it as to-read Jun 04, Estelle marked it as to-read Jun 14, Lianna Balayan added it Jan 22, Tim Wainwright marked it as to-read Jan 25, Ana Pastrana marked it as to-read May 05, Anas Alaoui added it Jul 09, BookDB marked it as to-read Aug 30, Elise marked it as to-read Dec 03, Matthias D'hiet marked it as to-read Jan 04, Demo marked it as to-read Mar 30, Ardit Mustafaraj added it Apr 11, Sabrina marked it as to-read Jun 06, Joe Slaiman marked it as to-read Jun 12, Horatio marked it as to-read Oct 23, Sellers Thomas marked it as to-read Jun 24, Gazmend Kryeziu marked it as to-read Sep 11, Janoy Cresva marked it as to-read Sep 18, After first offering his services to the Royalists, whose movement was then gathering force, he again decided to support the Jacobins and Barras.

In Milan , he was judged so high-handed that he was removed, but he was able for a time to hold his own and to intrigue successfully against his successor. Early in , he returned to Paris, and after a brief stint as ambassador at The Hague , he became minister of police at Paris on 20 July His activity in furthering the 18 Brumaire coup November 9—10, ensured him the favor of Bonaparte, who kept him in office.

He helped increase centralization and efficiency of the police in both Paris and the provinces. The chief "conspirators" were easily ensnared and were executed when the Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise December enabled Bonaparte to act with rigour. However, his efforts failed to avert the Bonaparte-led repression of the leading Jacobins. Napoleon was, in fact, so intimidated by his minister of police that he did not dismiss the man personally, sending instead a servant with the information that — in addition to getting 35, yearly francs income as a senator and a piece of land worth 30, francs a year — he would also receive over a million francs from the reserve funds of the police.

There he could find a valuable source of information on Freemasons throughout the empire.

He continued, however, to intrigue through his spies, who tended to have more information than that of the new minister of police, and competed successfully for the favor of Napoleon at the time of the Georges Cadoudal - Charles Pichegru conspiracy February—March , becoming instrumental in the arrest of the Duc d'Enghien. The next months brought further friction between emperor and minister. The latter, knowing Napoleon's desire for peace at the close of , undertook to make secret overtures to the British cabinet of Spencer Perceval.

His rage against his minister was extreme, and on 3 June he dismissed him from his office. Compelled by the weather and intense sea-sickness to put back into port, he found a mediator in Elisa Bonaparte , Grand Duchess of Tuscany , thanks to whom he was allowed to settle in Aix-en-Provence.

Marshal Augereau

Nevertheless, the emperor, still distrustful, ordered him to undertake the government of the Illyrian provinces. He arrived in Paris on 10 April at the time when Napoleon was being constrained by his marshals to abdicate.

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As senator he advised the Senate to send a deputation to Charles, comte d'Artois , brother of Louis XVIII , with a view to a reconciliation between the monarchy and the nation. A little later he addressed to Napoleon, then banished to Elba , a letter begging him in the interests of peace and of France to withdraw to the United States. To the new sovereign Louis XVIII he sent an appeal in favour of liberty, and recommending the adoption of measures which would conciliate all interests.

The response was unsatisfactory, and when he found that there were no hopes of advancement, he entered into relations with conspirators who sought the overthrow of the Bourbons.

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Soon Napoleon escaped from Elba and made his way in triumph to Paris. He then foiled an attempt by Royalists to arrest him, and on the arrival of Napoleon he received for the third time the portfolio of police. That, however, did not prevent him from entering into secret relations with the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich in Vienna , his aim being to prepare for all eventualities. Meanwhile, he used all his powers to induce the emperor to democratize his rule, and he is said to have caused the insertion of the words: He headed the provisional government and tried to negotiate with the allies.

He probably also aimed at establishing a republic with himself as head of state, with the help of some Republican freemasons. Thus, he belonged to the regicides , and ultra-royalists both within the cabinet and outside could hardly tolerate him as a member of the royal cabinet. Even Prime Minister Talleyrand disapproved of such practices, including the useless death sentence on Michel Ney and compiling proscription lists of other military people and former republican politicians.

He died in exile in Trieste in The transition represented all that was worst in the life of France during the period of the Revolution and Empire. Yet his intellectual pride prevented him sinking to the level of a mere tool. His relations to Napoleon were marked by a certain aloofness.

Athanase Fouché

He multiplied the means of resistance even to that irresistible autocrat, so that though removed from office, he was never wholly disgraced. A Comedy of Errors in History.

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Athanase Fouché — Wikipédia

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