The Deadliest Plague

Overall, Milan suffered approximately 60, fatalities out of a total population of , Before the European arrival, the Americas had been largely isolated from the Eurasian—African landmass. First large-scale contacts between Europeans and native people of the American continents brought overwhelming pandemics of measles and smallpox, as well as other Eurasian diseases.

These diseases spread rapidly among native peoples, often ahead of actual contact with Europeans, and led to a drastic drop in population and the collapse of American cultures. Smallpox and other diseases invaded and crippled the Aztec and Inca civilizations in Central and South America in the 16th century. This disease, with loss of population and death of military and social leaders, contributed to the downfall of both American empires and the subjugation of American peoples to Europeans.

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Diseases, however, passed in both directions; syphilis was carried back from the Americas and swept through the European population, decimating large numbers. The disease was historically identified as bubonic plague, an infection by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through fleas.

Although the disease causing the epidemic has historically been identified as bubonic plague and its variants, no direct evidence of plague has ever been uncovered. Some modern scholars suggest that the symptoms and incubation period indicate that the causal agent may have been a disease similar to a viral hemorrhagic fever.

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Pictured above is a list of mortalities from the time of the plague. The Plague of Justinian was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine Empire, including its capital Constantinople, in the years — AD. The most commonly accepted cause of the pandemic is bubonic plague, which later became infamous for either causing or contributing to the Black Death of the 14th century.

Its social and cultural impact is comparable to that of the Black Death. In the views of 6th century Western historians, it was nearly worldwide in scope, striking central and south Asia, North Africa and Arabia, and Europe as far north as Denmark and as far west as Ireland. The plague would return with each generation throughout the Mediterranean basin until about The plague would also have a major impact on the future course of European history. Modern historians named it after the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I, who was in power at the time and himself contracted the disease.

Modern scholars believe that the plague killed up to 5, people per day in Constantinople at the peak of the pandemic. The initial plague went on to destroy up to a quarter of the human population of the eastern Mediterranean. This episode of bubonic plague spread to all inhabited continents, and ultimately killed more than 12 million people in India and China alone. According to the World Health Organization, the pandemic was considered active until , when worldwide casualties dropped to per year.

The bubonic plague was endemic in populations of infected ground rodents in central Asia, and was a known cause of death among migrant and established human populations in that region for centuries; however, an influx of new people due to political conflicts and global trade led to the distribution of this disease throughout the world. Influenza Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of Influenza A of the H2N2 subtype, that originated in China in and lasted until Estimates for the death toll of the Asian Flu vary depending on the source, but the World Health Organization places the final tally at approximately 2 million deaths, 69, of those in the US alone.

What separated the flu pandemic from other influenza outbreaks was the victims; where influenza had always previously only killed juveniles and the elderly or already weakened patients, it had begun striking down hardy and completely healthy young adults, while leaving children and those with weaker immune systems still alive. American health authorities, having learned from the past, quickly sought to isolate the infected, and in the end only 11 deaths occurred in the U.

By Cholera cases had been cut down dramatically, although it was still a constant in India. The first cases were observed in May in three separate and distant locations, Bukhara in Central Asia Turkestan , Athabasca in northwestern Canada, and Greenland.

Rapid population growth of the 19th century, specifically in urban areas, only helped the flu spread, and before long the outbreak had spread across the globe. Though it was the first true epidemic in the era of bacteriology and much was learned from it. In the end, the Flu Pandemic claimed the lives of over a million individuals. Cholera Generally considered the most deadly of the seven cholera pandemics, the third major outbreak of Cholera in the 19th century lasted from to Like the first and second pandemics, the Third Cholera Pandemic originated in India, spreading from the Ganges River Delta before tearing through Asia, Europe, North America and Africa and ending the lives of over a million people.

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The pestilence first arose in the suburb of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, but it soon traveled into the cramped and filthy neighborhoods of the city proper. At its peak in September , some 8, people were dying each week. Somewhere between 75, and , people eventually perished before the outbreak died down in Later that same year, London was visited by a second major tragedy when the Great Fire of torched much of its city center. Painting of Marseille during the plague.

The disease arrived on a merchant ship called the Grand Saint Antoine, which had picked up infected passengers during a journey to the Middle East. Plague-carrying rat fleas soon spread across the city, sparking an epidemic.

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People died by the thousands, and the piles of bodies on the streets grew so large that convicts were conscripted to dispose of them. By then, it had killed roughly , people. People in quarantine in Karachi during the outbreak. The first two major plague pandemics began with the Plague of Justinian and the Black Death. The disease traversed the globe over the next several decades, and by the beginning of the 20th century, infected rats traveling on steamships had carried it to all six inhabited continents.

The worldwide outbreak would eventually claim some 15 million lives before petering out in the s.