Mysterious Entanglement
At approximately 21, atmospheres, something changed: To "see" the new quantum state, the scientists fired neutrons at the experimental sample; neutrons have zero charge but they do have a magnetic field, and the behavior of the neutrons after they hit the strontium compound revealed the entanglement state of the electrons. One reason is the mathematics are difficult to do; it was one of several possibilities.
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Theoreticians have calculated the behavior of particles in one-dimensional settings imagine the electrons in a straight line and a few two-dimensional ones. But multiparticle 2D systems become more complex. A theory called the Shastry-Sutherland model predicts how a 2D lattice of electrons in the strontium compound should behave; it has what are called exact solutions as long as the pressure and temperature are relatively low meaning less than tens of thousands of atmospheres of pressure and near-absolute zero.
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The math was less certain under different conditions, hence the experimental tests. Now theoreticians can go back and say what went wrong. The study appeared July 17 in the journal Nature Physics. Originally published on Live Science.
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Jesse Emspak is a contributing writer for Live Science, Space. He focuses on physics, human health and general science. Jesse spent years covering finance and cut his teeth at local newspapers, working local politics and police beats. Jesse likes to stay active and holds a third degree black belt in Karate, which just means he now knows how much he has to learn. High-pressure phenomenon Scientists already knew how strontium copper borate behaved at low pressures.
How Quantum Entanglement Works ] When the pressure goes up, the arrangement of the electrons alters slightly, because the distance between electrons changes. Jesse Emspak, Live Science Contributor on.
If you observe a particle in one place, another particle—even one light-years away—will instantly change its properties, as if the two are connected by a mysterious communication channel. Scientists have observed this phenomenon in tiny objects such as atoms and electrons.
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But in two new studies, researchers report seeing entanglement in devices nearly visible to the naked eye. The advance could also pave the way for ultrasensitive measurements of gravity and a hack-proof quantum internet. But the entangled particles have typically been tiny, which makes it easier to shield their delicate quantum states from the noisy world. Two research groups have now scaled up entanglement to engineered objects barely visible to the naked eye.
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The beams, roughly the size of a bacterium, could oscillate up and down like a plucked guitar string. The researchers connected the chips with an optical fiber and cooled the whole setup close to absolute zero to damp out vibrations. Then, using cleverly controlled laser pulses, the team added just enough energy to get one beam vibrating a bit more strongly than the other. By measuring light coming out of the apparatus, the researchers verified that the energy boost occurred but did not learn which beam got the energy, meaning that the added energy was shared by both beams—the hallmark of quantum entanglement.
The delicate entangled state lasted just a fraction of a second , the group reports today in Nature. After cooling the setup, the researchers used microwaves to nudge the drum heads into correlated motions—as one throbbed up and down, the other did the opposite.