Eu nunca guardei rebanhos (Portuguese Edition)

I really appreciate it. I was born in Portugal and live in the US. Your email address will not be published. Fernando Pessoa June 13th, 30th November Fernando Pessoa is not only considered one of the greatest Portuguese writers, but also one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century.

Teresa Reis July 28, at 8: Thank you for reading my post Reply. Wendy Hermance October 31, at 8: Teresa Reis November 2, at 6: In Brazil the terminal s and z are pronounced 5. The Ih, nh and rh have already been mentioned in 9. The h is still found in union with t ih , where it is mute theatro [ti 'atruj , and with p ph , where it forms the sound f: Ph is mute before th: With the c ch it forms two sounds: The c is found compound also to t and a second c, ct, cc , where it is often mute: It is also mute after an initial s sc: The p is often mute before s and t ps, pt: The vowels e and o, even when unaccented, are open before the mute consonants c and p: Doubled consonants are generally pronounced like one cf.

Yet when, of two m's or 's, one belongs to a prefix, it is pronounced with a nasal sound: As for the gu and qu see 5, w, Remark and 9, 3. In qu the u is mute before e or i: Before a and o it is sometimes mute: Words of two or more syllables, ending by a, e, o, have the stress generally on the penultimate syllable: Another vowel i, u or o , preceding those vowels, does not form a diphthong, and is to be con- sidered an independent syllable: Words ending in a consonant, a nasal vowel or diphthong, or in i or u, generally bear the stress on the last syllable; so, for instance, all the infinitives cha'mar, ven'dcr, inftu'ir ; pa' pel, nacio'nal, ir'ma, ir- 'mao, ale'mdo, java'li, ba'hu.

The s forming the plural of the nouns and adjectives, or the termination of a verb, does not affect the accentuation 'mesa, 'mesas; 'alto, 'altos; sa,'bias , even when by the flection the last syllable is changed into two: Words with stress on the ante-penultimate syl- lable are rarer and generally marked by a graphic ac- cent: A word consisting of many syllables frequently has a secondary stress marked thus: To this group belong a the adverbs formed of the 14 Pronunciation. In such words it is the originally accented syllable which has the secondary accent.

Atonic pronouns of only one syllable are added to the verbs, melting together with them: Any vowel, whether accented or unaccented, even nasal, may terminate a syllable. Of the consonants, only the following ones may do so: More rarely and only in scienti- fic terms: Even here we meet words separated thus: Ih, nh must not be separated. They are found only in the middle of a word and belong always to the following vowel: An only apparent exception form words from the Greek, as pkti-harmonica, and from the Latin, as in-hibir, an-helar, in-Mspito, in- habil, etc.

Not to be separated are the diphthongs and the nasal syllables am, an, em, en, im, in, om, on, urn, un. Vowels not forming diphthongs may be separated: A syllable may begin by one of the following groups of consonants: There may also be read syllabications like: Goncalves Viana, they are not to be imitated.

The consonantal combinations of st-, sp-, sph-, spl-, spr- and sc- are found only in scientific or in foreign words: In genuine Portu- guese or nationalised words they are always preceded by e, spoken like a fugitive i, which with the following ,9 forms a syllable: As for the consonantal gemination, the con- sonants are distributed on two syllables: There are a number of homonymical words in Portuguese that is, words of equal sound and different orthography.

Examples of Homographs with the same sound, but different meaning.

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Examples of Homographs with Different Pronunciation and Meaning. Ponctuaqdo [pontuv ' 1. The signs of punctuation are the same as in English; they are called as follows: On the whole, the rules of punctuation do not differ from the English. Before the conjunctions e- and and ou or , the comma is generally not em- ployed; also not before a relative sentence.

On the other hand, elucidating adjectives and, frequently, ad- verbs are separated by commas from their nouns or verbs. When e or ou do not only add a particle, but introduce an independent phrase, they are also pre- ceded by a comma. Com bom vento, a canoa cacilheira atravessa o Tejo mais de- sa do que os vapores. Onde houver pessoas, o pardal presume logo, como o rato, que ha comida, e e ahi que elle esta bem, para comer sem grande trabalho.

A cobra, pore'm, e inoffensiva. A este respeito, contem-se coisas muito inter essantes Eu, porem, observei-lhe que, sendp ess' outro artigo, na ver- dade, notavel, elle, a meu juizo, estava incomplexo, e, insufficiente, nao esgotava o assumpto. The Gender of the Noun and the Article. There are only two genders in Portuguese: Those nouns which designate beings of masculine sex e. Neuter nouns are con- ventionally ranged either amidst the masculine or the feminine ones.

The Portuguese language distinguishes the gender, not only by the pronoun, but by the very article; by: Before rei king there was generally used the definite article el of Spanish origin , when a reigning Por- tuguese King was spoken of: To signify the masculine sex and gender and the feminine, the Portuguese language has various ways: In the latter case the feminine 1 is obtained by the following rules: Those nouns ending in -o not being the second vowel of a diphthong change the -o into -a, ex. Those ending in -do change the -do into -6a: Those ending in -or or and -es ez add an a for the feminine: The chief exceptions are: Isto e uma penna What is this?

This is a pen , while este, esse, aquelle are adjectives and employed only with a noun clearly expressed or imagined esta penna e aquella. There is the same difference between este, esse, aquelle, as between isto, isso, aquillo. E marks a quality inherent to a person or an object ex. Esta marks a passing or casual quality ex. Fica is employed to designate the place appointed to something rarely to somebody , ex.: Sometimes you may doubt whether to employ fica or estd or even estd or e ; there are cases where you may indifferently employ the one or the other. Leitura e versa o.

Aqui 6 1 a escola. Onde fica 1 or e a aula? Eis aqui 2 a aula. Onde esta 1 o professor? Onde e or fica o lugar do alumno? Quern tern o giz? Isso 3 1 o quadro preto. Isto e o mappa. E que e aquillo? Aquillo e o tecto. Where is the window? The window is in the wall. Has the reader the book? The book is on the table. There is a lead-pencil on the ground.

Where is the copy-book of the school-boy? The copy-book is on the chair of the teacher. Who is that man? That man is the head man-servant of the baron. Has the daughter of the baroness a governess? Yes, and the friend of the girl has also a governess. Where is the inkstand? The inkstand is on the table. The pen- holder too is on the table.

Contos para a infância by Abílio Manuel Guerra Junqueiro - Free Ebook

The father of the boy is there. Who is at a the door of the school-room? The pupil of the teacher is at the door. Is here the place of the boy? Yes, here on the bench. Quern 6 esse menino? E quern 6 o professor d'esta aula? E He is um alumno da aula. E um cidadao d'esta cidade. Que rua e esta? Esta e a rua do Abe. Onde e or fica a escola? A escola e" or fica aqui.

Ogdr01 - I never kept herds

Tern o menino um lapiz? Sim, eis um lapiz e uma ca- neta. Isso 6 o giz. Isso e" o quadro preto, etc. Isto 6 o livro. Isto e a penna. Isto e a cane"ta, etc. Aquillo e" o tecto, a porta, a janella, o mappa, a parede, etc. The same exercise to be continued for all objects already mentioned. The Plural of Substantives. All nouns ending in a vowel or diphthong except -do or in -n form the plural by adding -s, thus: Nouns ending in -m change this letter into -n before taking the -s of the plural: Nouns terminating in -ao distinguish two chief classes: Y Most substantives ending in -ao among these all abstract nouns ending in -do form their plural by changing -ao in -des, as: Nouns and adjectives ending in -r or -s or -s add -es in the plural, as: Words nouns and adjectives ending in ac- cented -al, -ol, -ul, change the letter -I into -es: Nouns ending in -el or unaccented 41 change these letters into -eis.

If the termination -el which is always pronounced [tf] is accented, -eis is pronounced [eijj; if not accented, it is [vifj. Reptil scientifical form ['rrsptil], popular form: Nouns and adjectives ending in accented change the letter -I into -s, as: Nouns ending in -s preceded by an un- accented vowel or falling diphthong, do not change in the plural: Some substantives are only used in the plural, as: As already mentioned, the adjective follows the same rules as the noun, as for the feminine and plural forms; so it agrees with the word qualified by it, in gender and number, as: Present Tense Presente of ter to have.

Eu tenho [eu'twyo] I have tu tens [tu 'tm. Eu nao tenho I have not, etc. The negative nao is put before the verb. The conjunctive personal pronoun may be omitted. Yet it must be employed: In the interrogative form it is put after the verb, but may also stand before it. As for you have, etc. Men, minha my o sogro f'sogru] the father-in- ['meu, miyiis] law seu, sua ['seu, his, her, its, a sogra ['sogre] the mother-in- suv] your law the lecturing- desk the prince the princess the reading exercise translation, version the heir the heiress the gentleman the gentlewo- man, the lady the grand- father the grand- mother the dog the bitch the boy the girl, the young wo man also.

The possessive adjectives are generally pre- ceded by the article, if the noun is not a title of re- The Plural of Substantives. The article is dropped also at addressing per- ms. Meu pai tern dois filhos e duas filhas. Seu sogro e um homem velho, sua sogra 6 uma mulher velha. Na aula ha uma cathedra, dois bancos, duas janellas e uma mesa.

Na me"sa ha uma esponja, tres canetas e quatro lapis. Os meus cadernos estao tambem na msa. Tenho [um] avo e [uma] avo. Onde esta o cao do ingles? Esta ali no chao. I have two hands. Each hand has five fingers. We have also two feet, and each foot has also five toes. These are my copy-books and my pens. Is this your lead-pencil? No, it is not 1 ; it is the pencil of my father. These girls and those boys are pupils of my master. Have you any brothers? Yes, I have three brothers; they are in the garden.

The princes are the sons of the king and the queen. Those men are aged. They are German captains. The English, the Portuguese, and the Germans are Christians. There are four dogs in the street. Have we a map in the school-room? Yes r there is a map on the wall. Tern o menino uma lousa? Quantos alumnos ha aqui? Quantos ha em cada banco?

O Guardador de Rebanhos

Onde esta o menino Carlos Charles? Onde fica a porta? Ha tint a no tinteiro? Que tens tu ahi? Sim, tenho uma lousa e dois cadernos. Nao ha esponja nesta aula. Ha cinco alumnos e tr6s alumnas. Ha um em cada banco. A porta fica acola. Ha 2 , sim, senhor. Eu tenho alguns meloes. Have you had good luck? Tenho Yes, I have. Isto e" uma m6sa. Isto 6 urn banco. Isso 6" o caderno do menino. Aquillo e a cathedra do professor. A cadeira tern quatro pes 7. Ha cinco rapazes na classe.

Cada rapaz tern dois lapis. Isto e o meu caderno, a minha penna; isso e o seu livro; aquillo e o lapis do menino Carlos, etc. Onde esta o banco? Onde fica a porta r a janella? Que tern o menino? The same exercise to be continued for all objects and forms already mentioned. The Yerb ter to have. The English address "you" is given in Portuguese by different expressions: Have you no place?

Can you tell me. A senhora quer sentar-se? Will you sit down? Qual e a opinido do senhor Doutor? Doctor, what is your opinion? Conde count deseja passar? Do you wish to pass, sir? What do you say, father mother? Que manda o senhor patrao principal? What do you command? Neighbour my boy , are you well?

A prima quando vae? When shall you go, my cousin? Charles, did you already go there? Mary, didn't you say? It is to be considered, that with gentlemen the family name sometimes also the Christian name is employed directly after senhor, while with ladies only the Christian name is used, but preceded by senMra Dona D a. Antonio Correa d'OUveira escreveu um novo poema?

Have you written a new poem, Mr. Tern uma creada a sr a D a Maria? Have you a maid-servant, Mrs. Upon country people or person of low condition, the title Dona is not bestowed. This form may be abbreviated toVossencia [vo'sesw]. In Brazil these forms d are not usual; they are substituted by: Your grace, a title given in Portugal to lower people, maid- servants, etc. This form may be abbreviated to: With all these addresses above mentioned the verb is to be employed in the third person e.

If on the one hand it would not be polite to dispense with it, a too frequent em- ployment would be heavy. The pronoun M is used only in familiar treatment and may be altogether avoided by foreigners. The pronoun ws, if not taken in the plural and even here it is better to substitute it by the third person , is antiquated and only tfsed in pathos, at prayers, and in solemn allocution, for instance, to the king. The verb ter to have. Past participle participio passado tido: See 2 nd Lesson. Imperfect Tense Preterito imperfeito. Eu tiriha ['tiyiv] I had nds tinhamos ['tinvmuf] we tu tirihas you had thou hadst had die, ella tinha he, she, it, had vos tinheis ['tinvtf] you had elles tinham ['tiyivu] they had.

Perfect Tense Preterito perfeito. Present Perfect Preterito composto. Eu tenho tido I have had tu tens tido you have had, etc. Eu tiriha tido I had had tu tinhas tido you had had, etc. Eu terei fa'rvi] I shall have nds teremos we shall have. Yet the student is not supposed to learn at once all the verbal forms, so as to master them, as, indeed, these verbs with their resemblances and differences constitute one of the greatest diffi- culties of the Portuguese language for the foreigner.

But he is ear- nestly requested not to put these lessons aside before having at- tained an absolute understanding of the meaning and employment of the auxiliary verbs. Eu terei tido I shall have had. Eu teria [td 'riv] I should elle, ella teria he, she, it would have have. Eu teria tido I should have had. Eu tenha I have nos tenhdmos we have tu tenhas you have vos tenhais you have elle tenha he have elles tenham they have.

Se eu tivesse [ti'vesd] if Se nostivessemosfti'vesdmuf] I had if we had Se tu tivesses if you had Se vds tivesseis if you had elle tivesse if he had elles tivessem if they had. Infinit iv o pessoal. Para eu ter that 1 may have, to have I tu teres you you elle ter he he nos termos we etc. Ter que or ter de indicates necessity: Tenho de Id ir I must go there.

The nouns of material, taken in a partitive and indefinite sense, are, as in English, used without the article or a preposition: Tenlio pao I have some bread. Tenho urn pouco de pao I have a little bread. Tenho uma canSta, Nao tern tambem um lapis?

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Nao tinha meu Amigo um jardim com algumas flores? Tinha, sim, senhor, e ainda tenho. Se tivesse arvores fructiferas, tambem teria fructa. Tern a menina andado a escola nestes dias? Nao tenho ido, tenho andado or estado doente. Quando tiver saiide, terei muito gosto em voltar a aula. Tenho tido noticias d'ella from her em cada m6s. Temos tido muito trabalho, para termos uma creada.

Temos, mas nao a her teremos por muito tempo. Nao tendo ordem para la ires, teras de to ficar em casa. Exercise, Have you some fruit, my friend? She has the sugar. They have the milk. We had the cheese. You had the butter. I shall have eggs. He will have tea. We shall have a pudding. You will have a pie. They had no potatoes.

He has had pepper and salt. Had you some wine? Will you have butter and cheese? I shall have bread and meat. The boy has -soup and meat. I shall have no poultry, but I shall have game. Your horse will have bread and brandy. Shall you have a duck? My daughter would have a glass of milk. If you had money, you would have chocolate. Whenever we are to have money, we shall have everything we want fludo quanta precisarmos. Que temos nos nesta msa? Terao os rapazes pao e leite?

Nao teve V- queijo esta manha? Nao terei eu carne de boi e vinho para o meu jantar? Onde tern a sua penna e a caneta? Nao teve ainda caldo com arroz? Temos uma penna, tinta e papel. Nao, elles terao pao e agua. Nao, eu tive manteiga. Nao, tu teras um pastel e cerveja. Tenho-as them na minha gave"ta. Ainda nao not yet , mas eu tive um copo de leite.

Teria o meu amigo escripto Teria, sim, senhor. Mas ha uma carta, se tivesse tido muito que nao tenho tido tempo? Oral exercises to be done on the subject, as indicated in the preceding lessons. The Auxiliary Verb ser and the Adjective. The verb ser to be. Eu sou [sou] I am nos somos f'somuf] we are tu es [sf] thou art vos sois ['sotf] you are elle, ella e he, I you are elles, ellas sao [svu] they she, it is j you are.

Eu era ['srv] I was nos eramos we were tu eras thou wast elle, ella era he she, was vos ereis you were you were elles, ellas eram they you were. Eu fui 1 f'fui] I was or have nds fomos ['fomufj 'if] tu foste ['foftd] elles, ellas for am f'forvu]. Eu tenho sido ['sidu] I have been tu tens sido you have been, etc. Eu tinha sido I had been, etc. Eu serei [sd'rvi] I shall be nos seremos [sd'remufj we tu seras [sd'raf] you will be shall be elle, ella serd [s9'ra] he, vos sereis [sd 'rmfj you will be she, it, you will be, etc.

Eu terei sido I shall have been, etc. Eu seria [sd f riu] I should be, nos seriamos [so'rivmuj] tu serias etc. Eu teria sido I should have been, etc. Eu seja ['svgv] I be, etc. Eu ser tu seres elle ser nds sermos vos serdes elles, ellas serem Imperative. The Portuguese adjective follows, as already mentioned, the same rules of inflexion as the substan- tive with which it consequently agrees in gender and number. It is the same as for the demonstrative, pos- sessive, and indefinite adjectives, and the ordinal numbers, which are all considered adjectives.

Also the cardinal numbers um and dois have a different form for the feminine cf. There are adjectives, denominated uniforms, which have only one form for both genders. This class embraces those ending by -e, -I, -ar, -as, -iz, , -im, -ea and -6, and those ending by -s in syllable not accen- tuated.

The place of the Portuguese qualifying ad- jective is for the most part after the noun as for those denoting colour, form, dimension, nationality, religion; while the demonstrative, possessive, and indefinite ad- jectives precede the noun. Tu es muito novo. Elle 6 um homem ruim. Ella 6 uma mulher nova. Aquelle menino e doente. Nos nao somos ricos. Eu era teu amigo. Era isso um bom conselho? Nao, foi mal pensado. Eu fui tarde duma hora. Fostes vos fdste tu, foi V g. Se fosse mais cedo, seria melhor. Se as fructas ja forem colhidas, 6 signal de ja terem madurecido.

Sera um vestido para a menina.

Manhãs de Cascaes by Alberto Pimentel

Nao teria sido melhor escolher uma fazenda que fosse mais duravel? Se nao for duravel, nao tern duvida; o panno nao foi caro. Tudo quanto tenho comprado a esse negociante, tern sido bom. But the main issue in Caeiro is more focused on the fiction of a voice that is constantly expressing the desire that words, knowledge and life be the same thing and less about a philosopher caught in serious contradiction between what he says and what he is [5].

He is constantly undergoing a process of unlearning:. An ongoing process of self-emptying, of becoming a kind of pauper spiritu of sensations. He has to remind himself to be constantly present only by means of his sensations. The self-induced mental kenosis the Greek word for emptiness used by Paul in Corinthians enables an access to fundamental spiritual truths that form the basis of the new religion he is founding:.

An imagistic oasis in the middle of his harsh metaphysics, it narrates the visitation the poet was provided from the infant Jesus. He has escaped from heaven and gone to meet the poet. The poem is simultaneously a parody of religion where one can see the famous humour of the fool finally arriving on the scene and a kind of initiation, the moment when he receives his wisdom: When abandoning Heaven, he leaves a crucified dummy behind him to play that role.

In conclusion, Caeiro reveals aspects that relate to these three figures that, put together, can form the figure of the wise fool: Concerning this last role, it has already been implied that the other poets see him as the Messiah of a new religion. It is also as great liberator that Campos refers to him in an unfinished ode, where he declares himself freed from the chains of thought, though confessing not to have attained the transcendental peace of his master.

The well-known sentence from Paul [6] is the mainstay of the wise fool tradition: It is a mundus inversus reading, where the fool can be a very serious personage for God or for the gods, but a caricature for men. This specular inversion of sense is also present in the tradition of Everyman vs. Niemand or Nemo and seems to yield a kind of double ontological meaning to the fool: In a drawing by Pieter Bruegel called Elck , at the British Museum, Everyman or Elckerlijc searches for himself amongst heterogeneous objects lying on the floor whilst Niemant or Niemand Nobody looks at himself in the mirror.

But in another, rather mystical sense, Niemand represents the medieval mystical conception of poverty, of nothingness, as in Meister Eckhart: Caeiro represents, in fact, a mostly negative discourse. First of all, his basic strategy is much like that of the fool: Based on this maxim Caeiro disposes of philosophy, culture, politics, etc. This negative metaphysics can be condensed into two of his best known mottos: